.\" Copyright 1984 - 1991, 1993, 1994, 1998 The Open Group .\" Copyright 2011 - 2016, Mike Gabriel .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its .\" documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that .\" the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting .\" documentation. .\" .\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included .\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. .\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS .\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF .\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OPEN GROUP BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR .\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, .\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR .\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. .\" .\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of The Open Group shall .\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or .\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization .\" from The Open Group. .ds q \N'34' .TH nxagent 1 "Jan 2018" "Version 3.5.99.13" "NX Agent (Xserver)" .SH NAME nxagent \- nested Xserver optimized for remote computing .SH SYNOPSIS .B nxagent .I "[options]" .SH DESCRIPTION \fBnxagent\fR is an X server for remote application/desktop access similar to Xnest or Xephyr. .PP \fBnxagent\fR implements a very efficient compression of the X11 protocol, called the NX protocol. .PP The NX protocol increases performance when using X applications over high latency and low bandwidth networks, while providing a local (LAN-like) usage experience even if connecting from off-site locations (via cable modem or GSM). .PP \fBnxagent\fR can be used standalone as a nested X server (with NX protocol disabled), but its real benefits are gained when using it over remote connections via the nxcomp compression library. The counterpart application on the other end (i.e. the client) is called \fBnxproxy\fR. .PP When used in proxy <-> agent mode, \fBnxagent\fR adds the feature of being suspendible. Sessions can be started from one client, suspended and then resumed from another (or the same) client. .PP \fBnxagent\fR and \fBnxproxy\fR are utilized by various remote application/desktop frameworks for providing server-side GUI application access from remote client systems. .PP Currently, \fBnxagent\fR is co-maintained by three of these projects: The Arctica Project, TheQVD and X2Go. .PP .SH "STARTING THE SERVER" \fBnxagent\fR should be run in user space. Other than the system's local X.org server, \fBnxagent\fR does not require to be run as root. When bundled with a remote application framework, you normally don't have to launch \fBnxagent\fR manually. \fBnxagent\fR startup is usually managed by the underlying framework (e.g. Arctica Session Manager, X2Go Server, etc.). .PP When \fBnxagent\fR starts up (e.g. by typing 'nxagent -ac :1' in a terminal window), it typically launches in "windowed desktop" mode. On your local X server a new window appears being an X server itself. .PP However, \fBnxagent\fR also supports rootless (or seamless) application mode and a shadow session mode (similar to what VNC does). .PP Example: You can launch a complete desktop session inside this nested X server now: .TP 8 The Debian way... .PP .nf $ export DISPLAY=:1 $ STARTUP=mate-session /etc/X11/Xsession .fi .TP 8 The Fedora / Gentoo / openSUSE way... .PP .nf ### FIXME / TODO ### .fi .PP However, \fBnxagent\fR also supports rootless (or seamless) application mode and a shadow session mode (similar to what VNC does). .SH OPTIONS \fBnxagent\fR accepts a range of default X server options as described below. Those default options have to be provided via the command line. Furthermore, \fBnxagent\fR accepts some nx-X11 specific options, described further below. Last but not least, \fBnxagent\fR accepts several more options, the so-called nx/nx options, provided via the $DISPLAY environment variable or the \fB-options\fR command line option. See below for further details. .SH STANDARD XSERVER OPTIONS .TP 8 .B :\fIdisplaynumber\fP The X server runs as the given \fIdisplaynumber\fP, which by default is 0. If multiple X servers are to run simultaneously on a host, each must have a unique display number. See the DISPLAY NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to specify which display number clients should try to use. .TP 8 .B \-a \fInumber\fP sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how much is reported to how much the user actually moved the pointer). .TP 8 .B \-ac disables host-based access control mechanisms. Enables access by any host, and permits any host to modify the access control list. Use with extreme caution. This option exists primarily for running test suites remotely. .TP 8 .B \-audit \fIlevel\fP sets the audit trail level. The default level is 1, meaning only connection rejections are reported. Level 2 additionally reports all successful connections and disconnects. Level 4 enables messages from the SECURITY extension, if present, including generation and revocation of authorizations and violations of the security policy. Level 0 turns off the audit trail. Audit lines are sent as standard error output. .TP 8 .B \-auth \fIauthorization-file\fP specifies a file which contains a collection of authorization records used to authenticate access. See also the \fIxdm\fP(1) and \fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual pages. .TP 8 .B bc disables certain kinds of error checking, for bug compatibility with previous releases (e.g., to work around bugs in R2 and R3 xterms and toolkits). Deprecated. .TP 8 .B \-bs disables backing store support on all screens. .TP 8 .B \-br sets the default root window to solid black instead of the standard root weave pattern. .TP 8 .B \-c turns off key-click. .TP 8 .B c \fIvolume\fP sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100). .TP 8 .B \-cc \fIclass\fP sets the visual class for the root window of color screens. The class numbers are as specified in the X protocol. Not obeyed by all servers. .TP 8 .B \-co \fIfilename\fP This used to be the option for specifying the path to the RGB color database file. As the RGB color database is now embedded into the binary this option has no effect but is kept for compatibility. Deprecated. .ig .TP 8 .B \-config \fIfilename\fP reads more options from the given file. Options in the file may be separated by newlines if desired. If a '#' character appears on a line, all characters between it and the next newline are ignored, providing a simple commenting facility. The \fB\-config\fR option itself may appear in the file. .BR NOTE : This option is disabled when the Xserver is run with an effective uid different from the user's real uid. .. .TP 8 .B \-core causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal errors. .TP 8 .B \-displayfd \fIfd\fP specifies a file descriptor in the launching process. Rather than specifying a display number, the X server will attempt to listen on successively higher display numbers, and upon finding a free one, will write the port number back on this file descriptor as a newline-terminated string. The \fB\-pn\fR option is ignored when using \fB\-displayfd\fR. nxagent specific: (1) Other than in X.org's Xserver, you can use \fB\-displayfd\fR in conjunction with an explicit display number. If the explicit display number is not available (i.e., already in use), nxagent tries to figure out the next available display number, e.g.: \fBnxagent\fR \fI\-displayfd 2 :50\fR (2) If \fB\-displayfd\fR is given with equaling 2 (STDERR), then the display number string written to STDERR is beautified with some human-readable (machine-parseable) text. .TP 8 .B \-deferglyphs \fIwhichfonts\fP specifies the types of fonts for which the server should attempt to use deferred glyph loading. \fIwhichfonts\fP can be all (all fonts), none (no fonts), or 16 (16 bit fonts only). .TP 8 .B \-dpi \fIresolution\fP sets the resolution for all screens, in dots per inch. To be used when the server cannot determine the screen size(s) from the hardware. .TP 8 .B dpms enables DPMS (display power management services), where supported. The default state is platform and configuration specific. .TP 8 .B \-dpms disables DPMS (display power management services). The default state is platform and configuration specific. .TP 8 .B \-f \fIvolume\fP sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100). .TP 8 .B \-fc \fIcursorFont\fP sets default cursor font. .TP 8 .B \-fn \fIfont\fP sets the default font. .TP 8 .B \-fp \fIfontPath\fP sets the search path for fonts. This path is a comma separated list of directories which the X server searches for font databases. See the FONTS section of this manual page for more information and the default list. .TP 8 .B \-help prints a usage message. .TP 8 .B \-I causes all remaining command line arguments to be ignored. .TP 8 .B \-maxbigreqsize \fIsize\fP sets the maximum big request to .I size MB. .TP 8 .B \-nolisten \fItrans-type\fP disables a transport type. For example, TCP/IP connections can be disabled with .BR "\-nolisten tcp" . This option may be issued multiple times to disable listening to different transport types. .TP 8 .B \-noreset prevents a server reset when the last client connection is closed. This overrides a previous .B \-terminate command line option. .TP 8 .B \-p \fIminutes\fP sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes. .TP 8 .B \-pn permits the server to continue running if it fails to establish all of its well-known sockets (connection points for clients), but establishes at least one. This option is set by default. .TP 8 .B \-nopn causes the server to exit if it fails to establish all of its well-known sockets (connection points for clients). .TP 8 .B \-r turns off auto-repeat. .TP 8 .B r turns on auto-repeat. .TP 8 .B \-s \fIminutes\fP sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes. .TP 8 .B \-su disables save under support on all screens. .TP 8 .B \-t \fInumber\fP sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e. after how many pixels pointer acceleration should take effect). .TP 8 .B \-terminate causes the server to terminate at server reset, instead of continuing to run. This overrides a previous .B \-noreset command line option. .TP 8 .B \-to \fIseconds\fP sets default connection timeout in seconds. .TP 8 .B \-tst disables all testing extensions. .TP 8 .B tty\fIxx\fP ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from init). .TP 8 .B v sets video-off screen-saver preference. .TP 8 .B \-v sets video-on screen-saver preference. .TP 8 .B \-wm forces the default backing-store of all windows to be WhenMapped. This is a backdoor way of getting backing-store to apply to all windows. Although all mapped windows will have backing store, the backing store attribute value reported by the server for a window will be the last value established by a client. If it has never been set by a client, the server will report the default value, NotUseful. This behavior is required by the X protocol, which allows the server to exceed the client's backing store expectations but does not provide a way to tell the client that it is doing so. .TP 8 .B [+-]xinerama enables(+) or disables(-) XINERAMA provided via the PanoramiX extension. This is set to off by default. .TP 8 .B [+-]rrxinerama enables(+) or disables(-) XINERAMA provided via the RandR extension. By default, this feature is enabled. To disable XINERAMA completely, make sure to use both options (\fB\-xinerama\fR and \fB\-rrxinerama\fR) on the command line. .SH SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS \fBnxagent\fR additionally accepts the following non-standard options: .TP 8 .B \-logo turns on the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver. There is currently no way to change this from a client. .TP 8 .B nologo turns off the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver. There is currently no way to change this from a client. .TP 8 .B \-render .BR default | mono | gray | color sets the color allocation policy that will be used by the render extension. .RS 8 .TP 8 .I default selects the default policy defined for the display depth of the X server. .TP 8 .I mono don't use any color cell. .TP 8 .I gray use a gray map of 13 color cells for the X render extension. .TP 8 .I color use a color cube of at most 4*4*4 colors (that is 64 color cells). .RE .TP 8 .B \-dumbSched disables smart scheduling on platforms that support the smart scheduler. .TP .B \-schedInterval \fIinterval\fP sets the smart scheduler's scheduling interval to .I interval milliseconds. .SH NXAGENT SPECIFIC OPTIONS The nx-X11 system adds the following command line arguments: .TP 8 .B \-forcenx force use of NX protocol messages assuming communication through \fBnxproxy\fR .TP 8 .B \-nxrealwindowprop set property NX_REAL_WINDOW for each X11 client inside \fBnxagent\fR, providing the window XID of the corresponding window object on the X server that \fBnxagent\fR runs on .TP 8 .B \-reportwids explicitly tell \fBnxagent\fR to report its externally exposed X11 window IDs to the session log (in machine readable form), so that external parsers can obtain that information from there .TP 8 .B \-reportprivatewids explicitly tell \fBnxagent\fR to report X11 window IDs of internally created window objects to the session log (in machine readable form), so that external parsers can obtain that information from there; this creates a lot of output and may affect performance .TP 8 .B \-timeout \fIint\fP auto-disconnect timeout in seconds (minimum allowed: 60) .TP 8 .B \-norootlessexit don't exit if there are no clients in rootless mode .TP 8 .B \-norender disable the use of the render extension .TP 8 .B \-nocomposite disable the use of the composite extension .TP 8 .B \-nopersistent disable disconnection/reconnection to the X display on SIGHUP .TP 8 .B \-noshmem disable use of shared memory extension .TP 8 .B \-shmem enable use of shared memory extension .TP 8 .B \-noshpix disable use of shared pixmaps .TP 8 .B \-shpix enable use of shared pixmaps .TP 8 .B \-noignore don't ignore pointer and keyboard configuration changes mandated by clients. As a result, configuration commands like disabling the keyboard bell (xset -b) will also affect the real X server. .TP 8 .B \-nokbreset don't reset keyboard device if the session is resumed .TP 8 .B \-noxkblock this is only relevant if you also specify \-keyboard=query. In that case \fBnxagent\fR will lock the keyboard settings and clients will get an error when trying to change keyboard settings via XKEYBOARD. With \-noxkblock the lock is not applied and clients can change the keyboard settings through XKEYBOARD. .TP 8 .B \-tile WxH size of image tiles (minimum allowed: 32x32) .TP 8 .B \-D enable desktop mode (default) .TP 8 .B \-R enable rootless mode .TP 8 .B \-S enable shadow mode .TP 8 .B \-B enable proxy binding mode .TP 8 .B \-options \fIfilename\fP path to an options file containing nx/nx options (see below). .PP Other than the command line options, \fBnxagent\fR can be configured at session startup and at runtime (i.e. when resuming a suspended session) by so-called nx/nx options. .PP As nx/nx options all options supported by nxcomp (see \fBnxproxy\fR man page) and all \fBnxagent\fR nx/nx options (see below) can be used. . When launching an nxcomp based \fBnxagent\fR session (i.e. proxy <-> agent), you will normally set the $DISPLAY variable like this: .PP .nf $ export DISPLAY=nx/nx,listen=,options=: $ nxagent : .fi .PP The value for is some value of a not-yet-used X11 display (e.g. :50). .PP Using an options file is recommended, but you can also put available nx/nx options (see below) into the DISPLAY variable directly. Note, that the $DISPLAY variable field is of limited length. .PP As you can pick an arbitrary (unused) TCP port or Unix socket file path. This is the port / socket that you have to connect to with the \fBnxproxy\fR application. .PP Available \fBnxagent\fR options (as an addition to nx/nx options supported by nxcomp already): .TP 8 .B options= read options from file, this text file can contain a single loooong line with comma-separated nx/nx options .TP 8 .B rootless= start \fBnxagent\fR in rootless mode, matches \-R given on the command line, no-op when resuming (default: false) .TP 8 .B geometry= desktop geometry when starting or resuming a session, no-op in rootless mode (default 66% of the underlying X server geometry) .TP 8 .B resize= set resizing support (default: true) .TP 8 .B fullscreen= start or resume a session in fullscreen mode (default: off) .TP 8 .B keyboard= or kbtype= .BR query | / .RS 8 .TP 8 .I query use the default XKB keyboard layout (see below) and only allow clients to query the settings but prevent any changes. \fIquery\fR is especially helpful for setups where you need to set/modify the actual keyboard layout using core X protocol functions (e.g. via \fBxmodmap\fR). It is used for MacOS X clients to handle some keyboard problems that are special for this platform. Note that in this case XKEYBOARD will always report the default layout which will most likely not match the experienced settings. .TP 8 .I / use the given model and layout. You can not modify keyboard rules, variant or options. Instead preset values are used. These are \fIxfree86\fR for rules and empty strings for variant and options. .RE .TP 8 .PP If \fIkeyboard\fR is omitted the internal defaults of \fBnxagent\fR will be used (rules: \fIxfree86\fR, layout: \fIus\fR, model: \fIpc102\fR, empty variant and options). .TP 8 .B keyconv= set keycode conversion mode .BR auto | on | off by default (\fIauto\fR) \fBnxagent\fR will activate keycode conversion if it detects an evdev XKEYBOARD setup on the client side (the standard on linux systems nowadays). Keycode conversion means that certain keycodes are mapped to make the keyboard appear as an pc105 model. Using \fIoff\fR this conversion can be suppressed and with \fIon\fR it will be forced. .TP 8 .B clipboard= .BR both | client | server | none enable / disable (set to: \fInone\fR) clipboard support, uni-directional (\fIserver\fR or \fIclient\fR) or bi-directional (\fIboth\fR, default setting) support .TP 8 .B streaming= streaming support for images, not fully implemented yet and thus non-functional .TP 8 .B backingstore= disable or enforce backing store support (default: BackingStoreUndefined) .TP 8 .B composite= enable or disable Composite support in \fBnxagent\fR (default: enabled) .TP 8 .B xinerama= enable or disable XINERAMA support in \fBnxagent\fR (default: enabled) .TP 8 .B shmem= enable using shared memory .TP 8 .B shpix= enable shared pixmaps support .TP 8 .B client= type of connecting operating system (supported: \fIlinux\fR, \fIwindows\fR, \fIsolaris\fR and \fImacosx\fR) .TP 8 .B shadow= start \fBnxagent\fR in shadow mode, matches \fB\-S\fR given on the command line, no-op when resuming (default: false) .TP 8 .B shadowuid= unique identifier for the shadow session .TP 8 .B shadowmode= full access (set to \fI1\fR) or viewing-only (set to \fI0\fR, default) .TP 8 .B defer= defer image updates (enabled for all connection types except LAN), accepts values \fI0\fR, \fI1\fR and \fI2\fR The default value can be set via the command line (\-defer). The value provided as nx/nx option is set when resuming a session, thus it overrides the command line default. .TP 8 .B tile= set the tile size in pixels (\fIx\fR) for bitmap data sent over the wire The default value can be set via the command line (\-tile). The value provided as nx/nx option is set when resuming a session, thus it overrides the command line default. .TP 8 .B menu= support pulldown menu in \fBnxagent\fR session (only available on proxy <-> agent remote sessions) .TP 8 .B sleep= delay X server operations when suspended (provided in msec), set to \fI0\fR to keep \fBnxagent\fR session fully functional when suspended (e.g. useful when mirroring an \fBnxagent\fR session via VNC) .TP 8 .B tolerancechecks= .BR strict|safe|risky|bypass .RS 8 .TP 8 .I strict means that the number of internal and external pixmap formats must match exactly and every internal pixmap format must be available in the external pixmap format array. This is the default. .TP 8 .I safe means that the number of pixmap formats might diverge, but all internal pixmap formats must also be included in the external pixmap formats array. This is recommended, because it allows clients with more pixmap formats to still connect, but not lose functionality. .TP 8 .I risky means that the internal pixmap formats array is allowed to be smaller than the external pixmap formats array, but at least one pixmap format must be included in both. This is potentially unsafe. .TP 8 .I bypass means that all of these checks are essentially deactivated. This is a very bad idea. .RE If you want to use \fBnxagent\fR as a replacement for Xnest or Xephyr you can pass options like this: .PP .nf $ echo nx/nx,fullscreen=1$DISPLAY >/tmp/opt $ nxagent -options /tmp/opt : .fi .SH XDMCP OPTIONS X servers that support XDMCP have the following options. See the \fIX Display Manager Control Protocol\fP specification for more information. .TP 8 .B \-query \fIhostname\fP enables XDMCP and sends Query packets to the specified .IR hostname . .TP 8 .B \-broadcast enable XDMCP and broadcasts BroadcastQuery packets to the network. The first responding display manager will be chosen for the session. .TP 8 .B \-multicast [\fIaddress\fP [\fIhop count\fP]] Enable XDMCP and multicast BroadcastQuery packets to the network. The first responding display manager is chosen for the session. If an address is specified, the multicast is sent to that address. If no address is specified, the multicast is sent to the default XDMCP IPv6 multicast group. If a hop count is specified, it is used as the maximum hop count for the multicast. If no hop count is specified, the multicast is set to a maximum of 1 hop, to prevent the multicast from being routed beyond the local network. .TP 8 .B \-indirect \fIhostname\fP enables XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the specified .IR hostname . .TP 8 .B \-port \fIport-number\fP uses the specified \fIport-number\fP for XDMCP packets, instead of the default. This option must be specified before any \-query, \-broadcast, \-multicast, or \-indirect options. .TP 8 .B \-from \fIlocal-address\fP specifies the local address to connect from (useful if the connecting host has multiple network interfaces). The \fIlocal-address\fP may be expressed in any form acceptable to the host platform's \fIgethostbyname\fP(3) implementation. .TP 8 .B \-once causes the server to terminate (rather than reset) when the XDMCP session ends. .TP 8 .B \-class \fIdisplay-class\fP XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in resource lookup for display-specific options. This option sets that value, by default it is "MIT-Unspecified" (not a very useful value). .TP 8 .B \-cookie \fIxdm-auth-bits\fP When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key is shared between the server and the manager. This option sets the value of that private data (not that it is very private, being on the command line!). .TP 8 .B \-displayID \fIdisplay-id\fP Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows the display manager to identify each display so that it can locate the shared key. .SH XKEYBOARD OPTIONS X servers that support the XKEYBOARD (a.k.a. \*qXKB\*q) extension accept the following options. All layout files specified on the command line must be located in the XKB base directory or a subdirectory, and specified as the relative path from the XKB base directory. The default XKB base directory is .IR /usr/share/X11/xkb . .TP 8 .B [+-]kb enables(+) or disables(-) the XKEYBOARD extension. .TP 8 .BR [+-]accessx " [ \fItimeout\fP [ \fItimeout_mask\fP [ \fIfeedback\fP [ \fIoptions_mask\fP ] ] ] ]" enables(+) or disables(-) AccessX key sequences. .TP 8 .B \-xkbdir \fIdirectory\fP base directory for keyboard layout files. This option is not available for setuid X servers (i.e., when the X server's real and effective uids are different). .TP 8 .B \-ar1 \fImilliseconds\fP sets the autorepeat delay (length of time in milliseconds that a key must be depressed before autorepeat starts). .TP 8 .B \-ar2 \fImilliseconds\fP sets the autorepeat interval (length of time in milliseconds that should elapse between autorepeat-generated keystrokes). .TP 8 .B \-noloadxkb disables loading of an XKB keymap description on server startup. .TP 8 .B \-xkbdb \fIfilename\fP uses \fIfilename\fP for default keyboard keymaps. .TP 8 .B \-xkbmap \fIfilename\fP loads keyboard description in \fIfilename\fP on server startup. .SH SECURITY EXTENSION OPTIONS X servers that support the SECURITY extension accept the following option: .TP 8 .B \-sp \fIfilename\fP causes the server to attempt to read and interpret filename as a security policy file with the format described below. The file is read at server startup and reread at each server reset. .PP The syntax of the security policy file is as follows. Notation: "*" means zero or more occurrences of the preceding element, and "+" means one or more occurrences. To interpret , ignore the text after the /; it is used to distinguish between instances of in the next section. .PP .nf ::= * ::= '\en' ::= | | | ::= # * '\en' ::= '\en' ::= sitepolicy '\en' ::= property '\en' ::= ::= any | root | ::= | ::= = ::= [ | | ]* ::= r | w | d ::= a | i | e ::= | | ::= " * " ::= ' * ' ::= + ::= [ ' ' | '\et' ]* Character sets: ::= any character except '\en' ::= any character except " ::= any character except ' ::= any character except those in .fi .PP The semantics associated with the above syntax are as follows. .PP , the first line in the file, specifies the file format version. If the server does not recognize the version , it ignores the rest of the file. The version string for the file format described here is "version-1" . .PP Once past the , lines that do not match the above syntax are ignored. .PP lines are ignored. .PP lines are currently ignored. They are intended to specify the site policies used by the XC-QUERY-SECURITY-1 authorization method. .PP lines specify how the server should react to untrusted client requests that affect the X Window property named . The rest of this section describes the interpretation of an . .PP For an to apply to a given instance of , must be on a window that is in the set of windows specified by . If is any, the rule applies to on any window. If is root, the rule applies to only on root windows. .PP If is , the following apply. If is a , the rule applies when the window also has that , regardless of its value. If is a , must also have the value specified by . In this case, the property must have type STRING and format 8, and should contain one or more null-terminated strings. If any of the strings match , the rule applies. .PP The definition of string matching is simple case-sensitive string comparison with one elaboration: the occurrence of the character '*' in is a wildcard meaning "any string." A can contain multiple wildcards anywhere in the string. For example, "x*" matches strings that begin with x, "*x" matches strings that end with x, "*x*" matches strings containing x, and "x*y*" matches strings that start with x and subsequently contain y. .PP There may be multiple lines for a given . The rules are tested in the order that they appear in the file. The first rule that applies is used. .PP specify operations that untrusted clients may attempt, and the actions that the server should take in response to those operations. .PP can be r (read), w (write), or d (delete). The following table shows how X Protocol property requests map to these operations in The Open Group server implementation. .PP .nf GetProperty r, or r and d if delete = True ChangeProperty w RotateProperties r and w DeleteProperty d ListProperties none, untrusted clients can always list all properties .fi .PP can be a (allow), i (ignore), or e (error). Allow means execute the request as if it had been issued by a trusted client. Ignore means treat the request as a no-op. In the case of GetProperty, ignore means return an empty property value if the property exists, regardless of its actual value. Error means do not execute the request and return a BadAtom error with the atom set to the property name. Error is the default action for all properties, including those not listed in the security policy file. .PP An applies to all s that follow it, until the next is encountered. Thus, irwad means ignore read and write, allow delete. .PP GetProperty and RotateProperties may do multiple operations (r and d, or r and w). If different actions apply to the operations, the most severe action is applied to the whole request; there is no partial request execution. The severity ordering is: allow < ignore < error. Thus, if the for a property are ired (ignore read, error delete), and an untrusted client attempts GetProperty on that property with delete = True, an error is returned, but the property value is not. Similarly, if any of the properties in a RotateProperties do not allow both read and write, an error is returned without changing any property values. .PP Here is an example security policy file. .PP .ta 3i 4i .nf version-1 # Allow reading of application resources, but not writing. property RESOURCE_MANAGER root ar iw property SCREEN_RESOURCES root ar iw # Ignore attempts to use cut buffers. Giving errors causes apps to crash, # and allowing access may give away too much information. property CUT_BUFFER0 root irw property CUT_BUFFER1 root irw property CUT_BUFFER2 root irw property CUT_BUFFER3 root irw property CUT_BUFFER4 root irw property CUT_BUFFER5 root irw property CUT_BUFFER6 root irw property CUT_BUFFER7 root irw # If you are using Motif, you probably want these. property _MOTIF_DEFAULT_BINDINGS root ar iw property _MOTIF_DRAG_WINDOW root ar iw property _MOTIF_DRAG_TARGETS any ar iw property _MOTIF_DRAG_ATOMS any ar iw property _MOTIF_DRAG_ATOM_PAIRS any ar iw # The next two rules let xwininfo -tree work when untrusted. property WM_NAME any ar # Allow read of WM_CLASS, but only for windows with WM_NAME. # This might be more restrictive than necessary, but demonstrates # the facility, and is also an attempt to # say "top level windows only." property WM_CLASS WM_NAME ar # These next three let xlsclients work untrusted. Think carefully # before including these; giving away the client machine name and command # may be exposing too much. property WM_STATE WM_NAME ar property WM_CLIENT_MACHINE WM_NAME ar property WM_COMMAND WM_NAME ar # To let untrusted clients use the standard colormaps created by # xstdcmap, include these lines. property RGB_DEFAULT_MAP root ar property RGB_BEST_MAP root ar property RGB_RED_MAP root ar property RGB_GREEN_MAP root ar property RGB_BLUE_MAP root ar property RGB_GRAY_MAP root ar # To let untrusted clients use the color management database created # by xcmsdb, include these lines. property XDCCC_LINEAR_RGB_CORRECTION root ar property XDCCC_LINEAR_RGB_MATRICES root ar property XDCCC_GRAY_SCREENWHITEPOINT root ar property XDCCC_GRAY_CORRECTION root ar # To let untrusted clients use the overlay visuals that many vendors # support, include this line. property SERVER_OVERLAY_VISUALS root ar # Dumb examples to show other capabilities. # oddball property names and explicit specification of error conditions property "property with spaces" 'property with "' aw er ed # Allow deletion of Woo-Hoo if window also has property OhBoy with value # ending in "son". Reads and writes will cause an error. property Woo-Hoo OhBoy = "*son" ad .fi .SH "NETWORK CONNECTIONS" The X server supports client connections via a platform-dependent subset of the following transport types: TCP\/IP, Unix Domain sockets and several varieties of SVR4 local connections. See the DISPLAY NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to specify which transport type clients should try to use. .SH GRANTING ACCESS The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the following authorization protocols: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-2, SUN-DES-1, and MIT-KERBEROS-5. See the \fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page for information on the operation of these protocols. .PP Authorization data required by the above protocols is passed to the server in a private file named with the \fB\-auth\fR command line option. Each time the server is about to accept the first connection after a reset (or when the server is starting), it reads this file. If this file contains any authorization records, the local host is not automatically allowed access to the server, and only clients which send one of the authorization records contained in the file in the connection setup information will be allowed access. See the \fIXau\fP manual page for a description of the binary format of this file. See \fIxauth\fP(1) for maintenance of this file, and distribution of its contents to remote hosts. .PP The X server also uses a host-based access control list for deciding whether or not to accept connections from clients on a particular machine. If no other authorization mechanism is being used, this list initially consists of the host on which the server is running as well as any machines listed in the file \fI/etc/X\fBn\fI.hosts\fR, where \fBn\fP is the display number of the server. Each line of the file should contain either an Internet hostname (e.g. expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a complete name in the format \fIfamily\fP:\fIname\fP as described in the \fIxhost\fP(1) manual page. There should be no leading or trailing spaces on any lines. For example: .sp .in +8 .nf joesworkstation corporate.company.com star:: inet:bigcpu local: .fi .in -8 .PP Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or disable access control using the \fIxhost\fP command from the same machine as the server. .PP If the X FireWall Proxy (\fIxfwp\fP) is being used without a sitepolicy, host-based authorization must be turned on for clients to be able to connect to the X server via the \fIxfwp\fP. If \fIxfwp\fP is run without a configuration file and thus no sitepolicy is defined, if \fIxfwp\fP is using an X server where xhost + has been run to turn off host-based authorization checks, when a client tries to connect to this X server via \fIxfwp\fP, the X server will deny the connection. See \fIxfwp\fP(1) for more information about this proxy. .PP The X protocol intrinsically does not have any notion of window operation permissions or place any restrictions on what a client can do; if a program can connect to a display, it has full run of the screen. X servers that support the SECURITY extension fare better because clients can be designated untrusted via the authorization they use to connect; see the \fIxauth\fP(1) manual page for details. Restrictions are imposed on untrusted clients that curtail the mischief they can do. See the SECURITY extension specification for a complete list of these restrictions. .PP Sites that have better authentication and authorization systems might wish to make use of the hooks in the libraries and the server to provide additional security models. .SH SIGNALS The X server attaches special meaning to the following signals: .TP 8 .I SIGHUP This signal causes the server to close all existing connections, free all resources, and restore all defaults. It is sent by the display manager whenever the main user's main application (usually an \fIxterm\fP or window manager) exits to force the server to clean up and prepare for the next user. .TP 8 .I SIGTERM This signal causes the server to exit cleanly. .TP 8 .I SIGUSR1 This signal is used quite differently from either of the above. When the server starts, it checks to see if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN instead of the usual SIG_DFL. In this case, the server sends a SIGUSR1 to its parent process after it has set up the various connection schemes. \fIXdm\fP uses this feature to recognize when connecting to the server is possible. .SH FONTS The X server can obtain fonts from directories and/or from font servers. The list of directories and font servers the X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled by the \fIfont path\fP. .LP The default font path is __default_font_path__ . .LP The font path can be set with the \fB\-fp\fR option or by \fIxset\fP(1) after the server has started. .SH FILES .TP 30 .I /etc/X\fBn\fP.hosts Initial access control list for display number \fBn\fP .TP 30 .IR /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc, /usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi, /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi Bitmap font directories .TP 30 .IR /usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1 Outline font directories .TP 30 .I /usr/share/nx/rgb Color database .TP 30 .I /tmp/.X11-unix/X\fBn\fP Unix domain socket for display number \fBn\fP .TP 30 .IR /tmp/rcX\fBn\fP Kerberos 5 replay cache for display number \fBn\fP .SH "SEE ALSO" Protocols: .I "X Window System Protocol," .I "NX Compression Protocol," .I "The X Font Service Protocol," .I "X Display Manager Control Protocol" .PP Fonts: \fIbdftopcf\fP(1), \fImkfontdir\fP(1), \fImkfontscale\fP(1), \fIxfs\fP(1), \fIxlsfonts\fP(1), \fIxfontsel\fP(1), \fIxfd\fP(1), .I "X Logical Font Description Conventions" .PP Security: \fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__), \fIxauth\fP(1), \fIXau\fP(1), \fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxhost\fP(1), \fIxfwp\fP(1), .I "Security Extension Specification" .PP Starting the server: \fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxinit\fP(1) .PP Controlling the server once started: \fIxset\fP(1), \fIxsetroot\fP(1), \fIxhost\fP(1) .PP Server-specific man pages: \fIXdec\fP(1), \fIXmacII\fP(1), \fIXsun\fP(1), \fIXnest\fP(1), \fIXvfb\fP(1), \fIXFree86\fP(1), \fIXDarwin\fP(1). .PP Server internal documentation: .I "Definition of the Porting Layer for the X v11 Sample Server" .SH AUTHORS The first sample X server was originally written by Susan Angebranndt, Raymond Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd Newman, from Digital Equipment Corporation, with support from a large cast. It has since been extensively rewritten by Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT. Dave Wiggins took over post-R5 and made substantial improvements. .PP The first implementation of nx-X11 (version 1.x up to 3.5.x) was written by NoMachine (maintained until 2011). .PP The current implementation of nx-X11 is maintained by various projects, amongst others The Arctica Project, TheQVD (Qindel Group) and X2Go. .PP This manual page was written by Per Hansen , and modified by Marcelo Boveto Shima and Mike Gabriel . In 2016, the original Xserver.man page shipped with nx-X11 was merged into the \fBnxagent\fR man page and received a major update by Mike Gabriel .