path: root/nx-X11/programs/Xserver/hw/nxagent/man/nxagent.1

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.ds q \N'34'
.TH nxagent 1 "Apr 2019" "Version 3.5.99.20" "NX Agent (Xserver)"
.SH NAME
nxagent \- nested Xserver optimized for remote computing
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B nxagent
.I "[options]"
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBnxagent\fR is an X server for remote application/desktop access
similar to Xnest or Xephyr.
.PP
\fBnxagent\fR implements a very efficient compression of the X11
protocol, called the NX protocol.
.PP
The NX protocol increases performance when using X applications over high
latency and low bandwidth networks, while providing a local (LAN-like)
usage experience even if connecting from off-site locations (via cable
modem or GSM).
.PP
\fBnxagent\fR can be used standalone as a nested X server (with NX
protocol disabled), but its real benefits are gained when using it over
remote connections via the nxcomp compression library. The counterpart
application on the other end (i.e. the client) is called
\fBnxproxy\fR.
.PP
When used in proxy <-> agent mode, \fBnxagent\fR adds the feature of
being suspendible. Sessions can be started from one client, suspended and
then resumed from another (or the same) client.
.PP
\fBnxagent\fR and \fBnxproxy\fR are utilized by various remote
application/desktop frameworks for providing server-side GUI application
access from remote client systems.
.PP
Currently, \fBnxagent\fR is co-maintained by three of these projects: The
Arctica Project, TheQVD and X2Go.
.PP

.SH "STARTING THE SERVER"
\fBnxagent\fR should be run in user space. Other than the system's
local X.org server, \fBnxagent\fR does not require to be run as root.
When bundled with a remote application framework, you normally don't have
to launch \fBnxagent\fR manually. \fBnxagent\fR startup is usually
managed by the underlying framework (e.g. Arctica Session Manager, X2Go
Server, etc.).
.PP
When \fBnxagent\fR starts up (e.g. by typing 'nxagent -ac :1' in a
terminal window), it typically launches in "windowed desktop" mode. On
your local X server a new window appears being an X server itself.
.PP
However, \fBnxagent\fR also supports rootless (or seamless) application
mode and a shadow session mode (similar to what VNC does).
.PP
Example: You can launch a complete desktop session inside this nested X
server now:
.TP 8
The Debian way...
.PP
.nf
    $ export DISPLAY=:1
    $ STARTUP=mate-session /etc/X11/Xsession
.fi
.TP 8
The Fedora / Gentoo / openSUSE way...
.PP
.nf
    ### FIXME / TODO ###
.fi
.PP
However, \fBnxagent\fR also supports rootless (or seamless) application
mode and a shadow session mode (similar to what VNC does).

.SH OPTIONS
\fBnxagent\fR accepts a range of default X server options as described
below. Those default options have to be provided via the command line.

Furthermore, \fBnxagent\fR accepts some nx-X11 specific options,
described further below.

Last but not least, \fBnxagent\fR accepts several more options, the
so-called nx/nx options, provided via the $DISPLAY environment
variable or the \fB-options\fR command line option. See below for further
details.

.SH STANDARD XSERVER OPTIONS
.TP 8
.B :\fIdisplaynumber\fP
The X server runs as the given \fIdisplaynumber\fP, which by default is 0.
If multiple X servers are to run simultaneously on a host, each must have
a unique display number.  See the DISPLAY
NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to
specify which display number clients should try to use.
.TP 8
.B \-a \fInumber\fP
sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how much is reported to how much
the user actually moved the pointer).
.TP 8
.B \-ac
disables host-based access control mechanisms.  Enables access by any host,
and permits any host to modify the access control list.
Use with extreme caution.
This option exists primarily for running test suites remotely.
.TP 8
.B \-audit \fIlevel\fP
sets the audit trail level.  The default level is 1, meaning only connection
rejections are reported.  Level 2 additionally reports all successful
connections and disconnects.  Level 4 enables messages from the
SECURITY extension, if present, including generation and revocation of
authorizations and violations of the security policy.
Level 0 turns off the audit trail.
Audit lines are sent as standard error output.
.TP 8
.B \-auth \fIauthorization-file\fP
specifies a file which contains a collection of authorization records used
to authenticate access.  See also the \fIxdm\fP(1) and
\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual pages.
.TP 8
.B \-bs
disables backing store support on all screens.
.TP 8
.B \-br
sets the default root window to solid black instead of the standard root weave
pattern.
.TP 8
.B \-c
turns off key-click.
.TP 8
.B c \fIvolume\fP
sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100).
.TP 8
.B \-cc \fIclass\fP
sets the visual class for the root window of color screens.
The class numbers are as specified in the X protocol.
Not obeyed by all servers.
.TP 8
.B \-co \fIfilename\fP
This used to be the option for specifying the path to the RGB color
database file. As the RGB color database is now embedded into the
binary this option has no effect but is kept for
compatibility. Deprecated.
.ig
.TP 8
.B \-config \fIfilename\fP
reads more options from the given file.  Options in the file may be separated
by newlines if desired.  If a '#' character appears on a line, all characters
between it and the next newline are ignored, providing a simple commenting
facility.  The \fB\-config\fR option itself may appear in the file.
.BR NOTE :
This option is disabled when the Xserver is run with an effective uid
different from the user's real uid.
..
.TP 8
.B \-core
causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal errors.
.TP 8
.B \-displayfd \fIfd\fP
specifies a file descriptor in the launching process.  Rather than
specifying a display number, the X server will attempt to listen on
successively higher display numbers, and upon finding a free one, will
write the port number back on this file descriptor as a
newline-terminated string.  The \fB\-pn\fR option is ignored when
using \fB\-displayfd\fR.

nxagent specific:

(1) Other than in X.org's Xserver, you can use \fB\-displayfd\fR in
conjunction with an explicit display number. If the explicit display number
is not available (i.e., already in use), nxagent tries to figure out the next
available display number,

e.g.:

   \fBnxagent\fR \fI\-displayfd 2 :50\fR

(2) If \fB\-displayfd\fR <X> is given with <X> equaling 2 (STDERR), then the
display number string written to STDERR is beautified with some human-readable
(machine-parseable) text.
.TP 8
.B \-sync
This option tells \fBnxagent\fR to synchronize its window and graphics
operations with the real server.  This is a useful option for
debugging, but it will slow down \fBnxagent\fR's performance
considerably.  It should not be used unless absolutely necessary.
.TP 8
.B \-full
This option tells \fBnxagent\fR to utilize full regeneration of real
server objects and reopen a new connection to the real server each
time \fBnxagent\fR regenerates.  The sample server implementation
regenerates all objects in the server when the last client of this
server terminates.  When this happens, \fBnxagent\fR by default
maintains the same top-level window and the same real server
connection in each new generation.  If the user selects full
regeneration, even the top-level window and the connection to the real
server will be regenerated for each server generation.
.TP 8
.B \-class \fIstring\fP
This option specifies the default visual class of the nested server.
It is similar to the
.B \-cc
option from the set of standard options except that it will accept a string
rather than a number for the visual class specification.
The
.I string
must be one of the following six values:
.BR StaticGray ,
.BR GrayScale ,
.BR StaticColor ,
.BR PseudoColor ,
.BR TrueColor ,
or
.BR DirectColor .
If both the
.B \-class
and
.B \-cc
options are specified, the last instance of either option takes precedence.
The class of the default visual of the nested server need not be the same as the
class of the default visual of the real server, but it must be supported by the
real server.
Use
.BR xdpyinfo (__appmansuffix__)
to obtain a list of supported visual classes on the real server before
starting \fBnxagent\fR.  If the user chooses a static class, all the
colors in the default color map will be preallocated.  If the user
chooses a dynamic class, colors in the default color map will be
available to individual clients for allocation.
.TP 8
.B \-deferglyphs \fIwhichfonts\fP
specifies the types of fonts for which the server should attempt to
use deferred glyph loading.  \fIwhichfonts\fP can be all (all fonts),
none (no fonts), or 16 (16 bit fonts only).
.TP 8
.B \-depth \fIint\fP
This option specifies the default visual depth of the nested server.
The depth of the default visual of the nested server need not be the
same as the depth of the default visual of the real server, but it
must be supported by the real server.  Use
.BR xdpyinfo (__appmansuffix__)
to obtain a list of supported visual depths on the real server before
starting \fBnxagent\fR.
.TP 8
.B \-geometry \fIW\fBx\fIH\fB+\fIX\fB+\fIY\fP
This option specifies the geometry parameters for the top-level
\fBnxagent\fR window.  See \(lqGEOMETRY SPECIFICATIONS\(rq in
.BR X (__miscmansuffix__)
for a discusson of this option's syntax.  This window corresponds to
the root window of the nested server.  The width
.I W
and height
.I H
specified with this option will be the maximum width and height of
each top-level \fBnxagent\fR window.  \fBnxagent\fR will allow the
user to make any top-level window smaller, but it will not actually
change the size of the nested server root window.  If this option is
not specified, \fBnxagent\fR will choose
.I W
and
.I H
to be 3/4ths the dimensions of the root window of the real server.
.TP 8
.B \-dpi \fIresolution\fP
sets the resolution for all screens, in dots per inch. If this option
is not specified \fBnxagent\fR will assume 96. There's also
.B \-autodpi
which will clone the real server's dpi. Note that the resolution specified via
.B \-dpi
is a per session setting. It cannot be changed on reconnect! This means that
clients may look "wrong" when reconnecting a session that had been
started with a different dpi than the current real xserver.
.TP 8
.B dpms
enables DPMS (display power management services), where supported.  The
default state is platform and configuration specific.
.TP 8
.B \-dpms
disables DPMS (display power management services).  The default state
is platform and configuration specific.
.TP 8
.B \-f \fIvolume\fP
sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100).
.TP 8
.B \-fc \fIcursorFont\fP
sets default cursor font.
.TP 8
.B \-fn \fIfont\fP
sets the default font.
.TP 8
.B \-fp \fIfontPath\fP
sets the search path for fonts.  This path is a comma separated list
of directories which the X server searches for font databases.
See the FONTS section of this manual page for more information and the default
list.
.TP 8
.B \-help
prints a usage message.
.TP 8
.B \-I
causes all remaining command line arguments to be ignored.
.TP 8
.B \-maxbigreqsize \fIsize\fP
sets the maximum big request to
.I size
MB.
.TP 8
.B \-name string
This option specifies the name of the top-level \fBnxagent\fR window as
.IR string .
The default value is the program name.
.TP 8
.B \-nolisten \fItrans-type\fP
disables a transport type.  For example, TCP/IP connections can be disabled
with
.BR "\-nolisten tcp" .
This option may be issued multiple times to disable listening to different
transport types.
.TP 8
.B \-noreset
prevents a server reset when the last client connection is closed.  This
overrides a previous
.B \-terminate
command line option.
.TP 8
.B \-p \fIminutes\fP
sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes.
.TP 8
.B \-pn
permits the server to continue running if it fails to establish all of
its well-known sockets (connection points for clients), but
establishes at least one.  This option is set by default.
.TP 8
.B \-nopn
causes the server to exit if it fails to establish all of its well-known
sockets (connection points for clients).
.TP 8
.B \-r
turns off auto-repeat.
.TP 8
.B r
turns on auto-repeat.
.TP 8
.B \-s \fIminutes\fP
sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes.
.TP 8
.B \-su
disables save under support on all screens.
.TP 8
.B \-t \fInumber\fP
sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e. after how many pixels
pointer acceleration should take effect).
.TP 8
.B \-terminate
causes the server to terminate at server reset, instead of continuing to run.
This overrides a previous
.B \-noreset
command line option.
.TP 8
.B \-to \fIseconds\fP
sets default connection timeout in seconds.
.TP 8
.B \-tst
disables all testing extensions.
.TP 8
.B v
sets video-off screen-saver preference.
.TP 8
.B \-v
sets video-on screen-saver preference.
.TP 8
.B \-wm
forces the default backing-store of all windows to be WhenMapped.  This
is a backdoor way of getting backing-store to apply to all windows.
Although all mapped windows will have backing store, the backing store
attribute value reported by the server for a window will be the last
value established by a client.  If it has never been set by a client,
the server will report the default value, NotUseful.  This behavior is
required by the X protocol, which allows the server to exceed the
client's backing store expectations but does not provide a way to tell
the client that it is doing so.
.TP 8
.B [+-]xinerama
enables(+) or disables(-) XINERAMA provided via the PanoramiX extension. This is
set to off by default.
.TP 8
.B [+-]rrxinerama
enables(+) or disables(-) XINERAMA provided via the RandR
extension. By default, this feature is enabled. To disable XINERAMA
completely, make sure to use both options (\fB\-xinerama\fR and
\fB\-rrxinerama\fR) on the command line.

.SH SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS
\fBnxagent\fR additionally accepts the following non-standard options:
.TP 8
.B \-logo
turns on the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver.
There is currently no way to change this from a client.
.TP 8
.B nologo
turns off the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver.
There is currently no way to change this from a client.
.TP 8
.B \-render

.BR default | mono | gray | color

sets the color allocation policy that will be used by the render extension.
.RS 8
.TP 8
.I default
selects the default policy defined for the display depth of the X
server.
.TP 8
.I mono
don't use any color cell.
.TP 8
.I gray
use a gray map of 13 color cells for the X render extension.
.TP 8
.I color
use a color cube of at most 4*4*4 colors (that is 64 color cells).
.RE
.TP 8
.B \-dumbSched
disables smart scheduling on platforms that support the smart scheduler.
.TP
.B \-schedInterval \fIinterval\fP
sets the smart scheduler's scheduling interval to
.I interval
milliseconds.
.SH NXAGENT SPECIFIC OPTIONS
The nx-X11 system adds the following command line arguments:
.TP 8
.B \-forcenx
force use of NX protocol messages assuming communication through \fBnxproxy\fR
.TP 8
.B \-nxrealwindowprop
set property NX_REAL_WINDOW for each X11 client inside \fBnxagent\fR,
providing the window XID of the corresponding window object on the X
server that \fBnxagent\fR runs on
.TP 8
.B \-reportwids
explicitly tell \fBnxagent\fR to report its externally exposed X11 window
IDs to the session log (in machine readable form), so that external
parsers can obtain that information from there
.TP 8
.B \-reportprivatewids
explicitly tell \fBnxagent\fR to report X11 window IDs of internally
created window objects to the session log (in machine readable form),
so that external parsers can obtain that information from there; this
creates a lot of output and may affect performance
.TP 8
.B \-timeout \fIint\fP
auto-disconnect timeout in seconds (minimum allowed: 60)
.TP 8
.B \-norootlessexit
don't exit if there are no clients in rootless mode
.TP 8
.B \-autodpi
detect real server's DPI and set it in the agent session; the
.B \-dpi\fP cmdline option overrides
.B \-autodpi\fP.
Note that using
.B \-autodpi
will also adapt the DPI on reconnect which will cause
newly started clients respecting the new DPI while clients that had
been started before the reconnect still use the old DPI. This may lead
to applications looking "weird".
.TP 8
.B \-nomagicpixel
disable magic pixel support at session startup, can be re-enabled via
nx/nx option on session resumption
.TP 8
.B \-norender
disable the use of the render extension
.TP 8
.B \-nocomposite
disable the use of the composite extension
.TP 8
.B \-nopersistent
disable disconnection/reconnection to the X display on SIGHUP
.TP 8
.B \-noshmem
disable use of shared memory extension
.TP 8
.B \-shmem
enable use of shared memory extension
.TP 8
.B \-noshpix
disable use of shared pixmaps
.TP 8
.B \-shpix
enable use of shared pixmaps
.TP 8
.B \-noignore
don't ignore pointer and keyboard configuration changes mandated by
clients. As a result, configuration commands like disabling the
keyboard bell (xset -b) will also affect the real X server.
.TP 8
.B \-nokbreset
don't reset keyboard device if the session is resumed
.TP 8
.B \-noxkblock
this is only relevant if you also specify \-keyboard=query. In that
case \fBnxagent\fR will lock the keyboard settings and clients will
get an error when trying to change keyboard settings via
XKEYBOARD. With \-noxkblock the lock is not applied and clients are
allowed to change the keyboard settings through XKEYBOARD.
.TP 8
.B \-tile WxH
size of image tiles (minimum allowed: 32x32)
.TP 8
.B \-D
enable desktop mode (default)
.TP 8
.B \-R
enable rootless mode
.TP 8
.B \-S
enable shadow mode
.TP 8
.B \-B
enable proxy binding mode
.TP 8
.B \-version
show version information and exit
.TP 8
.B \-options \fIfilename\fP
path to an options file containing nx/nx options (see below).
.PP
Other than the command line options, \fBnxagent\fR can be configured at
session startup and at runtime (i.e. when resuming a suspended session)
by so-called nx/nx options.
.PP
As nx/nx options all options supported by nxcomp (see \fBnxproxy\fR man
page) and all \fBnxagent\fR nx/nx options (see below) can be used.
.
When launching an nxcomp based \fBnxagent\fR session (i.e. proxy <->
agent), you will normally set the $DISPLAY variable like this:
.PP
.nf
  $ export DISPLAY=nx/nx,listen=<proxy-port>,options=<options.file>:<nx-display-port>
  $ nxagent <command-line-options> :<nx-display-port>
.fi
.PP
The value for <nx-display-port> is some value of a not-yet-used X11
display (e.g. :50).
.PP
Using an options file is recommended, but you can also put available
nx/nx options (see below) into the DISPLAY variable directly. Note, that
the $DISPLAY variable field is of limited length.
.PP
As <proxy-port> you can pick an arbitrary (unused) TCP port or Unix
socket file path. This is the port / socket that you have to connect to
with the \fBnxproxy\fR application.
.PP
The right hand side of an option (the part following the "=" character)
can include URL encoded characters. It is required to URL encode at
least "," (as %2D) and "=" (as %3D) to avoid wrong parsing of the
options string.
.PP
Available \fBnxagent\fR options (as an addition to nx/nx options supported
by nxcomp already):
.TP 8
.B options=<string>
read options from file, this text file can contain a single loooong
line with comma-separated nx/nx options
.TP 8
.B rootless=<bool>
start \fBnxagent\fR in rootless mode, matches \-R given on the command
line, no-op when resuming (default: false)
.TP 8
.B geometry=<string>
desktop geometry when starting or resuming a session, no-op in
rootless mode (default 66% of the underlying X server geometry)
.TP 8
.B resize=<bool>
set resizing support (default: true)
.TP 8
.B fullscreen=<bool>
start or resume a session in fullscreen mode (default: off)
.TP 8
.B keyboard=<string> or kbtype=<string>

.BR query | clone | <model>/<layout> | rmlvo/<rules>#<model>#<layout>#<variant>#<options>

.RS 8
.TP 8
.I query
use the default XKB keyboard layout (see below) and only allow clients
to query the settings but prevent any changes. \fIquery\fR is
especially helpful for setups where you need to set/modify the actual
keyboard layout using core X protocol functions (e.g. via \fBxmodmap\fR). It is used for
MacOS X clients to handle some keyboard problems that are special for
this platform.  Note that in this case XKEYBOARD will always report
the default layout which will most likely not match the experienced
settings.
.TP 8
.I clone
ask the real X server for the keyboard settings using XKEYBOARD
protocol functions and clone them. This is the recommended setting. For
compatibility reasons it is not the default.
.TP 8
.I <model>/<layout>
use the given model and layout. A value of \fInull/null\fR is equivalent to
\fIclone\fR. You can not modify keyboard rules,
variant or options this way. Instead preset values are used. These are
\fIbase\fR for rules and empty strings for variant and options.
.TP 8
.I rmlvo/<rules>#<model>#<layout>#<variant>#<options>
configure the keyboard according to the rmlvo
(Rules+Model+Layout+Variant+Options) description given after the / and
separated by #. This can be used to fully pass the keyboard
configuration of \fBnxagent\fR right after the start. Example:
rmlvo/base#pc105#de,us#nodeadkeys#lv3:rwin_switch
.RE
.TP 8

.PP
If \fIkeyboard\fR is omitted the internal defaults of \fBnxagent\fR will be used (rules: \fIbase\fR, layout: \fIus\fR, model: \fIpc102\fR, empty variant and options).

.TP 8
.B keyconv=<string>
set keycode conversion mode

.BR auto | on | off

by default (\fIauto\fR) \fBnxagent\fR will activate keycode conversion
if it detects an evdev XKEYBOARD setup on the client side (the
standard on linux systems nowadays). Keycode conversion means that
certain keycodes are mapped to make the keyboard appear as an pc105
model. Using \fIoff\fR this conversion can be suppressed and with
\fIon\fR it will be forced.

.TP 8
.B clipboard=<string>

.BR both | client | server | none

enable / disable (set to: \fInone\fR) clipboard support,
uni-directional (\fIserver\fR or \fIclient\fR) or bi-directional
(\fIboth\fR, default setting) support
.TP 8
.B streaming=<int>
streaming support for images, not fully implemented yet and thus non-functional
.TP 8
.B backingstore=<int>
disable or enforce backing store support (default: BackingStoreUndefined)
.TP 8
.B composite=<int>
enable or disable Composite support in \fBnxagent\fR (default: enabled)
.TP 8
.B xinerama=<int>
enable or disable XINERAMA support in \fBnxagent\fR (default: enabled)
.TP 8
.B shmem=<bool>
enable using shared memory
.TP 8
.B shpix=<bool>
enable shared pixmaps support
.TP 8
.B client=<string>
type of connecting operating system (supported: \fIlinux\fR,
\fIwindows\fR, \fIsolaris\fR and \fImacosx\fR)
.TP 8
.B shadow=<int>
start \fBnxagent\fR in shadow mode, matches \fB\-S\fR given on the
command line, no-op when resuming (default: false)
.TP 8
.B shadowuid=<int>
unique identifier for the shadow session
.TP 8
.B shadowmode=<string>
full access (set to \fI1\fR) or viewing-only (set to \fI0\fR, default)
.TP 8
.B defer=<int>
defer image updates (enabled for all connection types except LAN),
accepts values \fI0\fR, \fI1\fR and \fI2\fR

The default value can be set via the command line (\-defer). The value
provided as nx/nx option is set when resuming a session, thus it
overrides the command line default.
.TP 8
.B tile=<string>
set the tile size in pixels (\fI<W>x<H>\fR) for bitmap data sent over the wire

The default value can be set via the command line (\-tile). The value
provided as nx/nx option is set when resuming a session, thus it
overrides the command line default.
.TP 8
.B menu=<int>
support pulldown menu in \fBnxagent\fR session (only available on
proxy <-> agent remote sessions)
.TP 8
.B magicpixel=<bool>
enable/disable magic pixel support in fullscreen mode (default: 1, enabled)
.TP 8
.B autodpi=<bool>
enable/disable deriving session DPI automatically from real server
(default: 0, disabled); only takes effect on session startups, gets
ignored when reconnecting to a suspended session
.TP 8
.B sleep=<int>
delay X server operations when suspended (provided in msec), set to
\fI0\fR to keep \fBnxagent\fR session fully functional when suspended
(e.g. useful when mirroring an \fBnxagent\fR session via VNC)
.TP 8
.B tolerancechecks=<string>

.BR strict|safe|risky|bypass
.RS 8
.TP 8
.I strict
means that the number of internal and external pixmap formats must
match exactly and every internal pixmap format must be available in the
external pixmap format array. This is the default.
.TP 8
.I safe
means that the number of pixmap formats might diverge, but all
internal pixmap formats must also be included in the external pixmap
formats array. This is recommended, because it allows clients with more
pixmap formats to still connect, but not lose functionality.
.TP 8
.I risky
means that the internal pixmap formats array is allowed to be
smaller than the external pixmap formats array, but at least one pixmap
format must be included in both. This is potentially unsafe.
.TP 8
.I bypass
means that all of these checks are essentially
deactivated. This is a very bad idea.
.RE

If you want to use \fBnxagent\fR as a replacement for Xnest or Xephyr you
can pass options like this:
.PP
.nf
  $ echo nx/nx,fullscreen=1$DISPLAY >/tmp/opt
  $ nxagent <command-line-options> -options /tmp/opt :<nx-display-port>
.fi

.SH XDMCP OPTIONS
X servers that support XDMCP have the following options.
See the \fIX Display Manager Control Protocol\fP specification for more
information.
.TP 8
.B \-query \fIhostname\fP
enables XDMCP and sends Query packets to the specified
.IR hostname .
.TP 8
.B \-broadcast
enable XDMCP and broadcasts BroadcastQuery packets to the network.  The
first responding display manager will be chosen for the session.
.TP 8
.B \-multicast [\fIaddress\fP [\fIhop count\fP]]
Enable XDMCP and multicast BroadcastQuery packets to the network.
The first responding display manager is chosen for the session.  If an
address is specified, the multicast is sent to that address.  If no
address is specified, the multicast is sent to the default XDMCP IPv6
multicast group.  If a hop count is specified, it is used as the maximum
hop count for the multicast.  If no hop count is specified, the multicast
is set to a maximum of 1 hop, to prevent the multicast from being routed
beyond the local network.
.TP 8
.B \-indirect \fIhostname\fP
enables XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the specified
.IR hostname .
.TP 8
.B \-port \fIport-number\fP
uses the specified \fIport-number\fP for XDMCP packets, instead of the
default.  This option must be specified before any \-query, \-broadcast,
\-multicast, or \-indirect options.
.TP 8
.B \-from \fIlocal-address\fP
specifies the local address to connect from (useful if the connecting host
has multiple network interfaces).  The \fIlocal-address\fP may be expressed
in any form acceptable to the host platform's \fIgethostbyname\fP(3)
implementation.
.TP 8
.B \-once
causes the server to terminate (rather than reset) when the XDMCP session
ends.
.TP 8
.B \-class \fIdisplay-class\fP
XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in resource lookup for
display-specific options.  This option sets that value, by default it
is "MIT-Unspecified" (not a very useful value).
.TP 8
.B \-cookie \fIxdm-auth-bits\fP
When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key is shared between the
server and the manager.  This option sets the value of that private
data (not that it is very private, being on the command line!).
.TP 8
.B \-displayID \fIdisplay-id\fP
Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows the display manager to
identify each display so that it can locate the shared key.

.SH XKEYBOARD OPTIONS
X servers that support the XKEYBOARD (a.k.a. \*qXKB\*q) extension accept the
following options.  All layout files specified on the command line must be
located in the XKB base directory or a subdirectory, and specified as the
relative path from the XKB base directory.  The default XKB base directory is
.IR /usr/share/X11/xkb .
.TP 8
.B [+-]kb
enables(+) or disables(-) the XKEYBOARD extension.
.TP 8
.BR [+-]accessx " [ \fItimeout\fP [ \fItimeout_mask\fP [ \fIfeedback\fP [ \fIoptions_mask\fP ] ] ] ]"
enables(+) or disables(-) AccessX key sequences.
.TP 8
.B \-xkbdir \fIdirectory\fP
base directory for keyboard layout files.  This option is not available
for setuid X servers (i.e., when the X server's real and effective uids
are different).
.TP 8
.B \-ardelay \fImilliseconds\fP
sets the autorepeat delay (length of time in milliseconds that a key must
be depressed before autorepeat starts).
.TP 8
.B \-arinterval \fImilliseconds\fP
sets the autorepeat interval (length of time in milliseconds that should
elapse between autorepeat-generated keystrokes).
.TP 8
.B \-xkbmap \fIfilename\fP
loads keyboard description in \fIfilename\fP on server startup.

.SH SECURITY EXTENSION OPTIONS
X servers that support the SECURITY extension accept the following option:
.TP 8
.B \-sp \fIfilename\fP
causes the server to attempt to read and interpret filename as a security
policy file with the format described below.  The file is read at server
startup and reread at each server reset.
.PP
The syntax of the security policy file is as follows.
Notation: "*" means zero or more occurrences of the preceding element,
and "+" means one or more occurrences.  To interpret <foo/bar>, ignore
the text after the /; it is used to distinguish between instances of
<foo> in the next section.
.PP
.nf
<policy file> ::= <version line> <other line>*

<version line> ::= <string/v> '\en'

<other line > ::= <comment> | <access rule> | <site policy> | <blank line>

<comment> ::= # <not newline>* '\en'

<blank line> ::= <space> '\en'

<site policy> ::= sitepolicy <string/sp> '\en'

<access rule> ::= property <property/ar> <window> <perms> '\en'

<property> ::= <string>

<window> ::= any | root | <required property>

<required property> ::= <property/rp> | <property with value>

<property with value> ::= <property/rpv> = <string/rv>

<perms> ::= [ <operation> | <action> | <space> ]*

<operation> ::= r | w | d

<action> ::= a | i | e

<string> ::= <dbl quoted string> | <single quoted string> | <unquoted string>

<dbl quoted string> ::= <space> " <not dqoute>* " <space>

<single quoted string> ::= <space> ' <not squote>* ' <space>

<unquoted string> ::= <space> <not space>+ <space>

<space> ::= [ ' ' | '\et' ]*

Character sets:

<not newline> ::= any character except '\en'
<not dqoute>  ::= any character except "
<not squote>  ::= any character except '
<not space>   ::= any character except those in <space>
.fi
.PP
The semantics associated with the above syntax are as follows.
.PP
<version line>, the first line in the file, specifies the file format
version.  If the server does not recognize the version <string/v>, it
ignores the rest of the file.  The version string for the file format
described here is "version-1" .
.PP
Once past the <version line>, lines that do not match the above syntax
are ignored.
.PP
<comment> lines are ignored.
.PP
<sitepolicy> lines are currently ignored.  They are intended to
specify the site policies used by the XC-QUERY-SECURITY-1
authorization method.
.PP
<access rule> lines specify how the server should react to untrusted
client requests that affect the X Window property named <property/ar>.
The rest of this section describes the interpretation of an
<access rule>.
.PP
For an <access rule> to apply to a given instance of <property/ar>,
<property/ar> must be on a window that is in the set of windows
specified by <window>.  If <window> is any, the rule applies to
<property/ar> on any window.  If <window> is root, the rule applies to
<property/ar> only on root windows.
.PP
If <window> is <required property>, the following apply.  If <required
property> is a <property/rp>, the rule applies when the window also
has that <property/rp>, regardless of its value.  If <required
property> is a <property with value>, <property/rpv> must also have
the value specified by <string/rv>.  In this case, the property must
have type STRING and format 8, and should contain one or more
null-terminated strings.  If any of the strings match <string/rv>, the
rule applies.
.PP
The definition of string matching is simple case-sensitive string
comparison with one elaboration: the occurrence of the character '*' in
<string/rv> is a wildcard meaning "any string."  A <string/rv> can
contain multiple wildcards anywhere in the string.  For example, "x*"
matches strings that begin with x, "*x" matches strings that end with
x, "*x*" matches strings containing x, and "x*y*" matches strings that
start with x and subsequently contain y.
.PP
There may be multiple <access rule> lines for a given <property/ar>.
The rules are tested in the order that they appear in the file.  The
first rule that applies is used.
.PP
<perms> specify operations that untrusted clients may attempt, and
the actions that the server should take in response to those operations.
.PP
<operation> can be r (read), w (write), or d (delete).  The following
table shows how X Protocol property requests map to these operations
in The Open Group server implementation.
.PP
.nf
GetProperty	r, or r and d if delete = True
ChangeProperty	w
RotateProperties	r and w
DeleteProperty	d
ListProperties	none, untrusted clients can always list all properties
.fi
.PP
<action> can be a (allow), i (ignore), or e (error).  Allow means
execute the request as if it had been issued by a trusted client.
Ignore means treat the request as a no-op.  In the case of
GetProperty, ignore means return an empty property value if the
property exists, regardless of its actual value.  Error means do not
execute the request and return a BadAtom error with the atom set to
the property name.  Error is the default action for all properties,
including those not listed in the security policy file.
.PP
An <action> applies to all <operation>s that follow it, until the next
<action> is encountered.  Thus, irwad  means ignore read and write,
allow delete.
.PP
GetProperty and RotateProperties may do multiple operations (r and d,
or r and w).  If different actions apply to the operations, the most
severe action is applied to the whole request; there is no partial
request execution.  The severity ordering is: allow < ignore < error.
Thus, if the <perms> for a property are ired (ignore read, error
delete), and an untrusted client attempts GetProperty on that property
with delete = True, an error is returned, but the property value is
not.  Similarly, if any of the properties in a RotateProperties do not
allow both read and write, an error is returned without changing any
property values.
.PP
Here is an example security policy file.
.PP
.ta 3i 4i
.nf
version-1

# Allow reading of application resources, but not writing.
property RESOURCE_MANAGER	root	ar iw
property SCREEN_RESOURCES	root	ar iw

# Ignore attempts to use cut buffers.  Giving errors causes apps to crash,
# and allowing access may give away too much information.
property CUT_BUFFER0	root	irw
property CUT_BUFFER1	root	irw
property CUT_BUFFER2	root	irw
property CUT_BUFFER3	root	irw
property CUT_BUFFER4	root	irw
property CUT_BUFFER5	root	irw
property CUT_BUFFER6	root	irw
property CUT_BUFFER7	root	irw

# If you are using Motif, you probably want these.
property _MOTIF_DEFAULT_BINDINGS	root	ar iw
property _MOTIF_DRAG_WINDOW	root	ar iw
property _MOTIF_DRAG_TARGETS	any	ar iw
property _MOTIF_DRAG_ATOMS	any	ar iw
property _MOTIF_DRAG_ATOM_PAIRS	any	ar iw

# The next two rules let xwininfo -tree work when untrusted.
property WM_NAME	any	ar

# Allow read of WM_CLASS, but only for windows with WM_NAME.
# This might be more restrictive than necessary, but demonstrates
# the <required property> facility, and is also an attempt to
# say "top level windows only."
property WM_CLASS	WM_NAME	ar

# These next three let xlsclients work untrusted.  Think carefully
# before including these; giving away the client machine name and command
# may be exposing too much.
property WM_STATE	WM_NAME	ar
property WM_CLIENT_MACHINE	WM_NAME	ar
property WM_COMMAND	WM_NAME	ar

# To let untrusted clients use the standard colormaps created by
# xstdcmap, include these lines.
property RGB_DEFAULT_MAP	root	ar
property RGB_BEST_MAP	root	ar
property RGB_RED_MAP	root	ar
property RGB_GREEN_MAP	root	ar
property RGB_BLUE_MAP	root	ar
property RGB_GRAY_MAP	root	ar

# To let untrusted clients use the color management database created
# by xcmsdb, include these lines.
property XDCCC_LINEAR_RGB_CORRECTION	root	ar
property XDCCC_LINEAR_RGB_MATRICES	root	ar
property XDCCC_GRAY_SCREENWHITEPOINT	root	ar
property XDCCC_GRAY_CORRECTION	root	ar

# To let untrusted clients use the overlay visuals that many vendors
# support, include this line.
property SERVER_OVERLAY_VISUALS	root	ar

# Dumb examples to show other capabilities.

# oddball property names and explicit specification of error conditions
property "property with spaces"	'property with "'	aw er ed

# Allow deletion of Woo-Hoo if window also has property OhBoy with value
# ending in "son".  Reads and writes will cause an error.
property Woo-Hoo	OhBoy = "*son"	ad

.fi
.SH "NETWORK CONNECTIONS"
The X server supports client connections via a platform-dependent subset of
the following transport types: TCP\/IP, Unix Domain sockets
and several varieties of SVR4 local connections.  See the DISPLAY
NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to
specify which transport type clients should try to use.

.SH GRANTING ACCESS
The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the following
authorization protocols: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1,
XDM-AUTHORIZATION-2, SUN-DES-1, and MIT-KERBEROS-5.  See the
\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page for information on the
operation of these protocols.
.PP
Authorization data required by the above protocols is passed to the
server in a private file named with the \fB\-auth\fR command line
option.  Each time the server is about to accept the first connection
after a reset (or when the server is starting), it reads this file.
If this file contains any authorization records, the local host is not
automatically allowed access to the server, and only clients which
send one of the authorization records contained in the file in the
connection setup information will be allowed access.  See the
\fIXau\fP manual page for a description of the binary format of this
file.  See \fIxauth\fP(1) for maintenance of this file, and distribution
of its contents to remote hosts.
.PP
The X server also uses a host-based access control list for deciding
whether or not to accept connections from clients on a particular machine.
If no other authorization mechanism is being used,
this list initially consists of the host on which the server is running as
well as any machines listed in the file \fI/etc/X\fBn\fI.hosts\fR, where
\fBn\fP is the display number of the server.  Each line of the file should
contain either an Internet hostname (e.g. expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a complete
name in the format \fIfamily\fP:\fIname\fP as described in the
\fIxhost\fP(1) manual page.
There should be no leading or trailing spaces on any lines.  For example:
.sp
.in +8
.nf
joesworkstation
corporate.company.com
star::
inet:bigcpu
local:
.fi
.in -8
.PP
Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or disable access
control using the \fIxhost\fP command from the same machine as the server.
.PP
If the X FireWall Proxy (\fIxfwp\fP) is being used without a sitepolicy,
host-based authorization must be turned on for clients to be able to
connect to the X server via the \fIxfwp\fP.  If \fIxfwp\fP is run without
a configuration file and thus no sitepolicy is defined, if \fIxfwp\fP
is using an X server where xhost + has been run to turn off host-based
authorization checks, when a client tries to connect to this X server
via \fIxfwp\fP, the X server will deny the connection.  See \fIxfwp\fP(1)
for more information about this proxy.
.PP
The X protocol intrinsically does not have any notion of window operation
permissions or place any restrictions on what a client can do; if a program can
connect to a display, it has full run of the screen.
X servers that support the SECURITY extension fare better because clients
can be designated untrusted via the authorization they use to connect; see
the \fIxauth\fP(1) manual page for details.  Restrictions are imposed
on untrusted clients that curtail the mischief they can do.  See the SECURITY
extension specification for a complete list of these restrictions.
.PP
Sites that have better
authentication and authorization systems might wish to make
use of the hooks in the libraries and the server to provide additional
security models.
.SH SIGNALS
The X server attaches special meaning to the following signals:
.TP 8
.I SIGHUP
This signal causes the server to close all existing connections, free all
resources, and restore all defaults.  It is sent by the display manager
whenever the main user's main application (usually an \fIxterm\fP or window
manager) exits to force the server to clean up and prepare for the next
user.
.TP 8
.I SIGTERM
This signal causes the server to exit cleanly.
.TP 8
.I SIGUSR1
This signal is used quite differently from either of the above.  When the
server starts, it checks to see if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN
instead of the usual SIG_DFL.  In this case, the server sends a SIGUSR1 to
its parent process after it has set up the various connection schemes.
\fIXdm\fP uses this feature to recognize when connecting to the server
is possible.
.SH FONTS
The X server
can obtain fonts from directories and/or from font servers.
The list of directories and font servers
the X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled
by the \fIfont path\fP.
.LP
The default font path is
__default_font_path__ .
.LP
The font path can be set with the \fB\-fp\fR option or by \fIxset\fP(1)
after the server has started.
.SH FILES
.TP 30
.I /etc/X\fBn\fP.hosts
Initial access control list for display number \fBn\fP
.TP 30
.IR /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
    /usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,
    /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi
Bitmap font directories
.TP 30
.IR /usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1
Outline font directories
.TP 30
.I /usr/share/nx/rgb
Color database
.TP 30
.I /tmp/.X11-unix/X\fBn\fP
Unix domain socket for display number \fBn\fP
.TP 30
.IR /tmp/rcX\fBn\fP
Kerberos 5 replay cache for display number \fBn\fP
.SH "SEE ALSO"
Protocols:
.I "X Window System Protocol,"
.I "NX Compression Protocol,"
.I "The X Font Service Protocol,"
.I "X Display Manager Control Protocol"
.PP
Fonts: \fIbdftopcf\fP(1), \fImkfontdir\fP(1), \fImkfontscale\fP(1),
\fIxfs\fP(1), \fIxlsfonts\fP(1), \fIxfontsel\fP(1), \fIxfd\fP(1),
.I "X Logical Font Description Conventions"
.PP
Security: \fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__), \fIxauth\fP(1), \fIXau\fP(1),
\fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxhost\fP(1), \fIxfwp\fP(1),
.I "Security Extension Specification"
.PP
Starting the server: \fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxinit\fP(1)
.PP
Controlling the server once started: \fIxset\fP(1), \fIxsetroot\fP(1),
\fIxhost\fP(1)
.PP
Server-specific man pages:
\fIXdec\fP(1), \fIXmacII\fP(1), \fIXsun\fP(1), \fIXnest\fP(1),
\fIXvfb\fP(1), \fIXFree86\fP(1), \fIXDarwin\fP(1).
.PP
Server internal documentation:
.I "Definition of the Porting Layer for the X v11 Sample Server"
.SH AUTHORS
The first sample X server was originally written by Susan Angebranndt,
Raymond Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd Newman, from Digital Equipment
Corporation, with support from a large cast.  It has since been
extensively rewritten by Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT. Dave
Wiggins took over post-R5 and made substantial improvements.
.PP
The first implementation of nx-X11 (version 1.x up to 3.5.x) was written
by NoMachine (maintained until 2011).
.PP
The current implementation of nx-X11 is maintained by various projects,
amongst others The Arctica Project, TheQVD (Qindel Group) and X2Go.
.PP
This manual page was written by Per Hansen <spamhans@yahoo.de>, and
modified by Marcelo Boveto Shima <marceloshima@gmail.com> and Mike
Gabriel <mike.gabriel@das-netzwerkteam.de>. In 2016, the original
Xserver.man page shipped with nx-X11 was merged into the \fBnxagent\fR
man page and received a major update by Mike Gabriel
<mike.gabriel@das-netzwerkteam.de>.