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+.\" $XConsortium: xcalc.man,v 1.10 94/04/17 20:43:32 matt Exp $
+.\" $XdotOrg: $
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994  X Consortium
+.\" 
+.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+.\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+.\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+.\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+.\" the following conditions:
+.\" 
+.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+.\" 
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+.\" 
+.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall
+.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
+.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
+.\" from the X Consortium.
+.\"
+.\" $XFree86: xc/programs/xcalc/xcalc.man,v 1.4 2002/10/12 16:06:46 herrb Exp $
+.\"
+.de EX		\"Begin example
+.ne 5
+.if n .sp 1
+.if t .sp .5
+.nf
+.in +.5i
+..
+.de EE
+.fi
+.in -.5i
+.if n .sp 1
+.if t .sp .5
+..
+.TH XCALC 1 __xorgversion__
+.SH NAME
+xcalc \- scientific calculator for X
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B xcalc
+[-stipple] [-rpn] [-\fItoolkitoption...\fP]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I xcalc
+is a scientific calculator desktop accessory that can emulate a TI-30
+or an HP-10C.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+\fIxcalc\fP accepts all of the standard toolkit command line options along
+with two additional options:
+.PP
+.TP 8
+.B \-stipple
+This option indicates that the background of the calculator should be 
+drawn using a stipple of the foreground and background colors.  On monochrome
+displays improves the appearance.
+.PP
+.TP 8
+.B \-rpn
+This option indicates that Reverse Polish Notation should be used.  In this
+mode the calculator will look and behave like an HP-10C.  Without this flag,
+it will emulate a TI-30.
+.SH OPERATION
+.PP
+.I Pointer Usage:
+Operations may be performed with pointer button 1, or in some cases,
+with the keyboard.  
+Many common calculator operations have keyboard accelerators.
+To quit, press pointer button 3 on the AC key of the TI calculator, 
+or the ON key of the HP calculator.
+.PP
+.I Calculator Key Usage (TI mode):
+The numbered keys, the +/- key, and the +, -, *, /, and = keys all do exactly 
+what you would expect them to.  It should be noted that the operators obey
+the standard rules of precedence.  Thus, entering "3+4*5=" results in "23",
+not "35".  The parentheses can be used to override this.  For example, 
+"(1+2+3)*(4+5+6)=" results in "6*15=90".  
+.PP
+The entire number in the calculator display can be selected, in order to
+paste the result of a calculation into text.
+.PP
+The action procedures associated with each function are given below.  These
+are useful if you are interested in defining a custom calculator.
+The action used for all digit keys is \fBdigit(\fIn\fP)\fR, where \fIn\fR
+is the corresponding digit, 0..9.
+.TP 10
+.B 1/x
+Replaces the number in the display with its reciprocal.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBreciprocal()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B x^2
+Squares the number in the display.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBsquare()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B SQRT
+Takes the square root of the number in the display.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBsquareRoot()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B CE/C
+When pressed once, clears the number in the display without clearing the state
+of the machine.  Allows you to re-enter a number if you make a mistake.
+Pressing it twice clears the state, also.
+The corresponding action procedure for TI mode is \fBclear()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B AC
+Clears the display, the state, and the memory.  Pressing it with the third
+pointer button turns off the calculator, in that it exits the program.
+The action procedure to clear the state is \fBoff()\fR; to quit, \fBquit()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B INV
+Invert function.  See the individual function keys for details.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBinverse()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B sin
+Computes the sine of the number in the display, as interpreted by the current
+DRG mode (see DRG, below).  If inverted, it computes the arcsine.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBsine()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B cos
+Computes the cosine, or arccosine when inverted.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBcosine()\fP.
+.TP 10
+.B tan
+Computes the tangent, or arctangent when inverted.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBtangent()\fP.
+.TP 10
+.B DRG
+Changes the DRG mode, as indicated by 'DEG', 'RAD', or 'GRAD' at the bottom of
+of the calculator ``liquid crystal'' display.
+When in 'DEG' mode, numbers in the display are taken as being
+degrees.  In 'RAD' mode, numbers are in radians, and in 'GRAD' mode, numbers
+are in grads.  When inverted, the DRG key has a feature of 
+converting degrees to radians to grads and vice-versa.  Example:  put the 
+calculator into 'DEG' mode, and enter "45 INV DRG".  The display should now
+show something along the lines of ".785398", which is 45 degrees converted to
+radians.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBdegree()\fP.
+.TP 10
+.B e
+The constant 'e'.  (2.7182818...).
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBe()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B EE
+Used for entering exponential numbers.  For example, to get "-2.3E-4" you'd
+enter "2 . 3 +/- EE 4 +/-".
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBscientific()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B log
+Calculates the log (base 10) of the number in the display.  When inverted,
+it raises "10.0" to the number in the display.
+For example, entering "3 INV log" should result in "1000".
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBlogarithm()\fP.
+.TP 10
+.B ln
+Calculates the log (base e) of the number in the display.  When inverted, 
+it raises "e" to the number in the display.  For example, entering "e ln"
+should result in "1".
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBnaturalLog()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B y^x
+Raises the number on the left to the power of the number on the right.  For 
+example "2 y^x 3 =" results in "8", which is 2^3.  For a further example,
+"(1+2+3) y^x (1+2) =" equals "6 y^x 3" which equals "216".
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBpower()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B PI
+The constant 'pi'.  (3.1415927....)
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBpi()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B x!
+Computes the factorial of the number in the display.  The number in the display
+must be an integer in the range 0-500, though, depending on your math library,
+it might overflow long before that.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBfactorial()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B (
+Left parenthesis.  The corresponding action procedure for TI calculators
+is \fBleftParen()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B )
+Right parenthesis.  The corresponding action procedure for TI calculators
+is \fBrightParen()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B /
+Division.  The corresponding action procedure is \fBdivide()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B *
+Multiplication.  The corresponding action procedure is \fBmultiply()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B -
+Subtraction.  The corresponding action procedure is \fBsubtract()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B +
+Addition.  The corresponding action procedure is \fBadd()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B =
+Perform calculation.  The TI-specific action procedure is \fBequal()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B STO
+Copies the number in the display to the memory location.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBstore()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B RCL
+Copies the number from the memory location to the display.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBrecall()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B SUM
+Adds the number in the display to the number in the memory location.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBsum()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B EXC
+Swaps the number in the display with the number in the memory location.
+The corresponding action procedure for the TI calculator is \fBexchange()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B +/-
+Negate; change sign.  The corresponding action procedure is \fBnegate()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B .
+Decimal point.  The action procedure is \fBdecimal()\fP.
+.sp
+.PP
+.I Calculator Key Usage (RPN mode):
+The number keys, CHS (change sign), +, -, *, /, and ENTR keys all do exactly 
+what you would expect them to do.  Many of the remaining keys are the same as
+in TI mode.  The differences are detailed below.  The action procedure
+for the ENTR key is \fBenter()\fR.
+.sp
+.TP 10
+.B <-
+This is a backspace key that can be used if you make a mistake while entering
+a number.  It will erase digits from the display.  (See BUGS).
+Inverse backspace will clear the X register.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBback()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B ON
+Clears the display, the state, and the memory.  Pressing it with the third
+pointer button turns off the calculator, in that it exits the program.
+To clear state, the action procedure is \fBoff\fR; to quit, \fBquit()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B INV
+Inverts the meaning of the function keys.  This would be the  \fIf\fR key
+on an HP calculator, but \fIxcalc\fR does not display
+multiple legends on each key.  See the individual function keys for details.
+.TP 10
+.B 10^x
+Raises "10.0" to the number in the top of the stack.  
+When inverted, it calculates the log (base 10) of the number in the display.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBtenpower()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B e^x
+Raises "e" to the number in the top of the stack.  
+When inverted, it calculates the log (base e) of the number in the display.
+The action procedure is \fBepower()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B STO
+Copies the number in the top of the stack to a memory location.  There are 10
+memory locations.  The desired memory is specified by following this
+key with a digit key.
+.TP 10
+.B RCL
+Pushes the number from the specified memory location onto the stack.
+.TP 10
+.B SUM
+Adds the number on top of the stack to the number in the specified
+memory location.
+.TP 10
+.B x:y
+Exchanges the numbers in the top two stack positions, the X and Y registers.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBXexchangeY()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.B R v
+Rolls the stack downward.  When inverted, it rolls the stack upward.
+The corresponding action procedure is \fBroll()\fR.
+.TP 10
+.I blank
+These keys were used for programming functions on the HP-10C.  Their
+functionality has not been duplicated in \fIxcalc\fR.
+.PP
+Finally, there are two additional action procedures:
+\fBbell()\fR, which rings the bell; 
+and \fBselection()\fR, which performs a cut on the
+entire number in the calculator's ``liquid crystal'' display.
+.SH ACCELERATORS
+.PP
+Accelerators are shortcuts for entering commands.  \fIxcalc\fP provides
+some sample keyboard accelerators; also users can customize accelerators.
+The numeric keypad accelerators provided by \fIxcalc\fP
+should be intuitively correct.
+The accelerators defined by \fIxcalc\fP on the main keyboard are given below:
+.PP
+.nf
+.ta .5i 1.0i 1.5i 2.0i 2.5i 3.0i 3.5i 4.0i 4.5i 5.0i 5.5i 6.0i 6.5i 7.0i
+	TI Key	HP Key	Keyboard Accelerator	TI Function	HP Function
+	
+	SQRT	SQRT	r			squareRoot()	squareRoot()
+	AC	ON	space			clear()		clear()
+	AC	<-	Delete			clear()		back()
+	AC	<-	Backspace		clear()		back()
+	AC	<-	Control-H		clear()		back()
+	AC		Clear			clear()
+	AC	ON	q			quit()		quit()
+	AC	ON	Control-C		quit()		quit()
+
+	INV	i	i			inverse()		inverse()
+	sin	s	s			sine()		sine()
+	cos	c	c			cosine()		cosine()
+	tan	t	t			tangent()	tangent()
+	DRG	DRG	d			degree()		degree()
+
+	e		e			e()
+	ln	ln	l			naturalLog()	naturalLog()
+	y^x	y^x	^			power()		power()
+
+	PI	PI	p			pi()		pi()
+	x!	x!	!			factorial()	factorial()
+	(		(			leftParen()
+	)		)			rightParen()
+
+	/	/	/			divide()		divide()
+	*	*	*			multiply()	multiply()
+	-	-	-			subtract()	subtract()
+	+	+	+			add()		add()
+	=		=			equal()
+
+	0..9	0..9	0..9			digit()		digit()
+	.	.	.			decimal()	decimal()
+	+/-	CHS	n			negate()		negate()
+
+		x:y	x					XexchangeY()
+		ENTR	Return					enter()
+		ENTR	Linefeed					enter()
+.fi
+.PP
+.SH CUSTOMIZATION
+The application class name is XCalc.
+.PP
+\fIxcalc\fP has an enormous application defaults file which specifies 
+the position, label, and function of each key on the calculator.
+It also gives translations to serve as keyboard accelerators.
+Because these resources are not specified in the source code, you can create
+a customized calculator by writing a private application defaults file,
+using the Athena Command and Form widget resources to specify the size and 
+position of buttons, the label for each button, and the function of 
+each button.
+.PP
+The foreground and background colors of each calculator key can be 
+individually specified.
+For the TI calculator, a classical color resource specification might be:
+.sp
+.br
+XCalc.ti.Command.background:	gray50
+.br
+XCalc.ti.Command.foreground:	white
+.sp
+For each of buttons 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40, specify:
+.br
+XCalc.ti.button20.background:	black
+.br
+XCalc.ti.button20.foreground:	white
+.sp
+For each of buttons 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, and 39:
+.br
+XCalc.ti.button22.background:	white
+.br
+XCalc.ti.button22.foreground:	black
+.SH WIDGET HIERARCHY
+In order to specify resources, it is useful to know the hierarchy of
+the widgets which compose \fIxcalc\fR.  In the notation below,
+indentation indicates hierarchical structure.  The widget class name
+is given first, followed by the widget instance name.
+.nf
+.ta .5i 1.0i 1.5i 2.0i 2.5i 3.0i 3.5i 4.0i 4.5i 5.0i 5.5i 6.0i 6.5i 7.0i
+.sp
+XCalc xcalc
+	Form  ti  \fIor\fR  hp    \fI(the name depends on the mode)\fR
+		Form  bevel
+			Form  screen
+				Label  M
+				Toggle  LCD
+				Label  INV
+				Label  DEG
+				Label  RAD
+				Label  GRAD
+				Label  P
+		Command  button1
+		Command  button2
+		Command  button3
+\fIand so on, ...\fR
+		Command  button38
+		Command  button39
+		Command  button40
+.fi
+.SH APPLICATION RESOURCES
+.PP
+.TP 8
+\fBrpn\fR (Class \fBRpn\fR)
+Specifies that the rpn mode should be used.  The default is TI mode.
+.TP 8
+\fBstipple\fR (Class \fBStipple\fR)
+Indicates that the background should be stippled.  The default is ``on''
+for monochrome displays, and ``off'' for color displays.
+.TP 8
+\fBcursor\fR (Class \fBCursor\fR)
+The name of the symbol used to represent the pointer.
+The default is ``hand2''.
+.fi
+.SH COLORS
+If you would like xcalc to use its ti colors, include the following 
+in the #ifdef COLOR section of the file you read with xrdb:
+.sp 1
+*customization:                 -color
+.sp 1
+.br
+This will cause xcalc to pick up the colors in the app-defaults color
+customization file:
+.IR __apploaddir__/XCalc-color .
+.fi
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+X(__miscmansuffix__), xrdb(1), the Athena Widget Set
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+HP mode is not completely debugged.  In particular, the stack is
+not handled properly after errors.
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Copyright 1994 X Consortium
+.br
+See \fIX(__miscmansuffix__)\fP for a full statement of rights and permissions.
+.SH AUTHORS
+John Bradley, University of Pennsylvania
+.br
+Mark Rosenstein, MIT Project Athena
+.br 
+Donna Converse, MIT X Consortium