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+/*
+ * fontconfig/doc/fcformat.fncs
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2008 Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its
+ * documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that
+ * the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
+ * documentation, and that the name of Keith Packard not be used in
+ * advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without
+ * specific, written prior permission.  Keith Packard makes no
+ * representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose.  It
+ * is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+ *
+ * THE AUTHOR(S) DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
+ * INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO
+ * EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
+ * TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+ * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+@RET@		FcChar8 *
+@FUNC@		FcPatternFormat
+@TYPE1@		FcPattern *			@ARG1@		pat
+@TYPE2@		const FcChar8 *			@ARG2@		format
+@PURPOSE@	Format a pattern into a string according to a format specifier
+@DESC@
+
+Converts given pattern <parameter>pat</parameter> into text described by
+the format specifier <parameter>format</parameter>.
+The return value refers to newly allocated memory which should be freed by the
+caller using free(), or NULL if <parameter>format</parameter> is invalid.
+
+</para><para>
+
+The format is loosely modelled after printf-style format string.
+The format string is composed of zero or more  directives: ordinary
+characters (not "%"), which are copied unchanged to the output stream;
+and tags which are interpreted to construct text from the pattern in a
+variety of ways (explained below).
+Special characters can be escaped
+using backslash.  C-string style special characters like \n and \r are
+also supported (this is useful when the format string is not a C string
+literal).
+It is advisable to always escape curly braces that
+are meant to be copied to the output as ordinary characters.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Each tags is introduced by the character "%",
+followed by an optional minimum field width,
+followed by tag contents in curly braces ({}).
+If the minimum field width value is provided the tag
+will be expanded and the result padded to achieve the minimum width.
+If the minimum field width is positive, the padding will right-align
+the text.  Negative field width will left-align.
+The rest of this section describes various supported tag contents
+and their expansion.
+
+</para><para>
+
+A <firstterm>simple</firstterm> tag
+is one where the content is an identifier.  When simple
+tags are expanded, the named identifier will be looked up in
+<parameter>pattern</parameter> and the resulting list of values returned,
+joined together using comma.  For example, to print the family name and style the
+pattern, use the format "%{family} %{style}\n".  To extend the family column
+to forty characters use "%-40{family}%{style}\n".
+
+</para><para>
+
+Simple tags expand to list of all values for an element.  To only choose
+one of the values, one can index using the syntax "%{elt[idx]}".  For example,
+to get the first family name only, use "%{family[0]}".
+
+</para><para>
+
+If a simple tag ends with "=" and the element is found in the pattern, the
+name of the element followed by "=" will be output before the list of values.
+For example, "%{weight=}" may expand to the string "weight=80".  Or to the empty
+string if <parameter>pattern</parameter> does not have weight set.
+
+</para><para>
+
+If a simple tag starts with ":" and the element is found in the pattern, ":"
+will be printed first.  For example, combining this with the =, the format
+"%{:weight=}" may expand to ":weight=80" or to the empty string
+if <parameter>pattern</parameter> does not have weight set.
+
+</para><para>
+
+If a simple tag contains the string ":-", the rest of the the tag contents
+will be used as a default string.  The default string is output if the element
+is not found in the pattern.  For example, the format
+"%{:weight=:-123}" may expand to ":weight=80" or to the string
+":weight=123" if <parameter>pattern</parameter> does not have weight set.
+
+</para><para>
+
+A <firstterm>count</firstterm> tag
+is one that starts with the character "#" followed by an element
+name, and expands to the number of values for the element in the pattern.
+For example, "%{#family}" expands to the number of family names
+<parameter>pattern</parameter> has set, which may be zero.
+
+</para><para>
+
+A <firstterm>sub-expression</firstterm> tag
+is one that expands a sub-expression.  The tag contents
+are the sub-expression to expand placed inside another set of curly braces.
+Sub-expression tags are useful for aligning an entire sub-expression, or to
+apply converters (explained later) on an entire sub-expression.
+For example, the format "%40{{%{family} %{style}}}" expands the sub-expression
+to construct the family name followed by the style, then takes the entire
+string and pads it on the left to be at least forty characters.
+
+</para><para>
+
+A <firstterm>filter-out</firstterm> tag
+is one starting with the character "-" followed by a
+comma-separated list of element names, followed by a sub-expression enclosed
+in curly braces.  The sub-expression will be expanded but with a pattern that
+has the listed elements removed from it.
+For example, the format "%{-size,pixelsize{sub-expr}}" will expand "sub-expr"
+with <parameter>pattern</parameter> sans the size and pixelsize elements.
+
+</para><para>
+
+A <firstterm>filter-in</firstterm> tag
+is one starting with the character "+" followed by a
+comma-separated list of element names, followed by a sub-expression enclosed
+in curly braces.  The sub-expression will be expanded but with a pattern that
+only has the listed elements from the surrounding pattern.
+For example, the format "%{+family,familylang{sub-expr}}" will expand "sub-expr"
+with a sub-pattern consisting only the family and family lang elements of
+<parameter>pattern</parameter>.
+
+</para><para>
+
+A <firstterm>conditional</firstterm> tag
+is one starting with the character "?" followed by a
+comma-separated list of element conditions, followed by two sub-expression
+enclosed in curly braces.  An element condition can be an element name,
+in which case it tests whether the element is defined in pattern, or
+the character "!" followed by an element name, in which case the test
+is negated.  The conditional passes if all the element conditions pass.
+The tag expands the first sub-expression if the conditional passes, and
+expands the second sub-expression otherwise.
+For example, the format "%{?size,dpi,!pixelsize{pass}{fail}}" will expand
+to "pass" if <parameter>pattern</parameter> has size and dpi elements but
+no pixelsize element, and to "fail" otherwise.
+
+</para><para>
+
+An <firstterm>enumerate</firstterm> tag
+is one starting with the string "[]" followed by a
+comma-separated list of element names, followed by a sub-expression enclosed
+in curly braces.  The list of values for the named elements are walked in
+parallel and the sub-expression expanded each time with a pattern just having
+a single value for those elements, starting from the first value and
+continuing as long as any of those elements has a value.
+For example, the format "%{[]family,familylang{%{family} (%{familylang})\n}}"
+will expand the pattern "%{family} (%{familylang})\n" with a pattern
+having only the first value of the family and familylang elemtns, then expands
+it with the second values, then the third, etc.
+
+</para><para>
+
+As a special case, if an enumerate tag has only one element, and that element
+has only one value in the pattern, and that value is of type FcLangSet, the
+individual languages in the language set are enumerated.
+
+</para><para>
+
+A <firstterm>builtin</firstterm> tag
+is one starting with the character "=" followed by a builtin
+name.  The following builtins are defined:
+
+<variablelist>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+unparse
+</term><listitem><para>
+Expands to the result of calling FcNameUnparse() on the pattern.
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+fcmatch
+</term><listitem><para>
+Expands to the output of the default output format of the fc-match
+command on the pattern, without the final newline.
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+fclist
+</term><listitem><para>
+Expands to the output of the default output format of the fc-list
+command on the pattern, without the final newline.
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+pkgkit
+</term><listitem><para>
+Expands to the list of PackageKit font() tags for the pattern.
+Currently this includes tags for each family name, and each language
+from the pattern, enumerated and sanitized into a set of tags terminated
+by newline.  Package management systems can use these tags to tag their
+packages accordingly.
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+</variablelist>
+
+For example, the format "%{+family,style{%{=unparse}}}\n" will expand
+to an unparsed name containing only the family and style element values
+from <parameter>pattern</parameter>.
+
+</para><para>
+
+The contents of any tag can be followed by a set of zero or more
+<firstterm>converter</firstterm>s.  A converter is specified by the
+character "|" followed by the converter name and arguments.  The
+following converters are defined:
+
+<variablelist>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+basename
+</term><listitem><para>
+Replaces text with the results of calling FcStrBasename() on it.
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+dirname
+</term><listitem><para>
+Replaces text with the results of calling FcStrDirname() on it.
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+downcase
+</term><listitem><para>
+Replaces text with the results of calling FcStrDowncase() on it.
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+shescape
+</term><listitem><para>
+Escapes text for one level of shell expansion.
+(Escapes single-quotes, also encloses text in single-quotes.)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+cescape
+</term><listitem><para>
+Escapes text such that it can be used as part of a C string literal.
+(Escapes backslash and double-quotes.)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+xmlescape
+</term><listitem><para>
+Escapes text such that it can be used in XML and HTML.
+(Escapes less-than, greater-than, and ampersand.)
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+delete(<parameter>chars</parameter>)
+</term><listitem><para>
+Deletes all occurrences of each of the characters in <parameter>chars</parameter>
+from the text.
+FIXME: This converter is not UTF-8 aware yet.
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+escape(<parameter>chars</parameter>)
+</term><listitem><para>
+Escapes all occurrences of each of the characters in <parameter>chars</parameter>
+by prepending it by the first character in <parameter>chars</parameter>.
+FIXME: This converter is not UTF-8 aware yet.
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry><term>
+translate(<parameter>from</parameter>,<parameter>to</parameter>)
+</term><listitem><para>
+Translates all occurrences of each of the characters in <parameter>from</parameter>
+by replacing them with their corresponding character in <parameter>to</parameter>.
+If <parameter>to</parameter> has fewer characters than
+<parameter>from</parameter>, it will be extended by repeating its last
+character.
+FIXME: This converter is not UTF-8 aware yet.
+</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+</variablelist>
+
+For example, the format "%{family|downcase|delete( )}\n" will expand
+to the values of the family element in <parameter>pattern</parameter>,
+lower-cased and with spaces removed.
+
+@@