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authormarha <marha@users.sourceforge.net>2009-06-28 22:07:26 +0000
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+ DRI User Guide
+
+ VA Linux Systems, Inc. Professional Services - Graphics.
+
+ 15 June 2001
+
+1. Preamble
+
+1.1 Copyright
+
+Copyright 2000-2001 by VA Linux Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this document
+provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all
+copies.
+
+1.2 Trademarks
+
+OpenGL is a registered trademark and SGI is a trademark of Silicon Graphics,
+Inc. Unix is a registered trademark of The Open Group. The `X' device and X
+Window System are trademarks of The Open Group. XFree86 is a trademark of
+The XFree86 Project. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
+Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. 3Dlabs, GLINT, and
+Oxygen are either registered trademarks or trademarks of 3Dlabs Inc. Ltd.
+3dfx, Voodoo3, Voodoo4, and Voodoo5 are registered trademarks of 3dfx Inter-
+active, Incorporated. Matrox is a registered trademark of Matrox Electronic
+Systems Ltd. ATI Rage and Radeon are registered trademarks of ATI Technolo-
+gies, Inc. All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respec-
+tive owners.
+
+2. Introduction
+
+With XFree86 4.x and the Direct Rendering Interface (DRI), hardware acceler-
+ated 3D graphics can be considered a standard feature on Linux workstations.
+Support for other operating systems, such as FreeBSD, is underway.
+
+This document describes how to use the DRI system and troubleshoot problems
+which may occur. Readers should have a basic understanding of Linux, X and
+OpenGL. See the resources section at the end for more documentation and
+software downloads.
+
+This document does not cover compilation or installation of XFree86 4.x. It
+is assumed that you've already installed a Linux distribution which includes
+XFree86 4.x or that you're an experienced Linux developer who has compiled
+the DRI for himself. DRI download, compilation and installation instructions
+can be found at http://dri.sourceforge.net/DRIcompile.html
+
+Edits, corrections and updates to this document may be mailed to <brian@tung-
+stengrahpics.com>.
+
+3. Supported Architectures & Hardware
+
+3.1 CPU Architectures
+
+The architectures currently supported by the DRI have grown from the initial
+Intel i386 systems to now include the Alpha Processor and the Sun SPARC
+machines.
+
+Intel's SSE (a.k.a. Katmai) instructions are used in optimized vertex trans-
+formation functions in Mesa-based drivers. This requires a recent Linux ker-
+nel both at compile and runtime. See the DRI Compile Guide for compile-time
+requirements. At runtime a check is made to determine if the CPU can execute
+SSE instructions. They're disabled otherwise.
+
+AMD's 3DNow! instructions are also used in optimized vertex transformation
+functions in the Mesa-based DRI drivers. 3DNow! is supported in most ver-
+sions of Linux. Like the SSE optimizations, a runtime check is made to
+determine if the CPU can execute 3DNow! instructions.
+
+Alpha-based systems can use Compaq's optimized math library for improved 3D
+performance. See the DRI Compilation Guide for details.
+
+3.2 Graphics Hardware
+
+XFree86 4.2 (or later versions) includes 3D acceleration for the following
+graphics hardware:
+
+ o 3dfx, supported on Intel x86, AMD and Alpha:
+
+ o Voodoo5 5500
+
+ o Voodoo4 4500
+
+ o Voodoo3 3500 TV
+
+ o Voodoo3 3000 AGP
+
+ o Voodoo3 3000 PCI
+
+ o Voodoo3 2000 AGP
+
+ o Voodoo3 2000 PCI
+
+ o Voodoo Banshee
+
+ o Velocity 100/200
+
+ There are many configurations of 3dfx cards on the market. Not all have
+ been tested.
+
+ o Matrox, supported on Intel x86 and AMD:
+
+ o Matrox G200
+
+ o Matrox G400
+
+ o Intel i810/i815/i830 (motherboard chipsets)
+
+ o i810
+
+ o i810-dc100
+
+ o i810e
+
+ o i815
+
+ o i830
+
+ o ATI Rage 128, supported on Intel x86, AMD and Alpha:
+
+ o Rage Fury
+
+ o Rage Magnum
+
+ o XPERT 2000
+
+ o XPERT 128
+
+ o XPERT 99
+
+ o All-in-Wonder 128
+
+ o Rage 128 PCI (Alpha-based systems)
+
+ Note that both PCI and AGP versions of Rage 128 based cards are sup-
+ ported at this time.
+
+ o ATI Radeon, supported on Intel x86, AMD and Alpha:
+
+ o Radeon SDR AGP
+
+ o Radeon DDR AGP
+
+ o Radeon 32MB SDR PCI (Alpha-based systems)
+
+ o Radeon 7000, M6 (RV100)
+
+ o Radeon 7200 (R100)
+
+ o Radeon 7500, M7 (RV200)
+
+ o Radeon 8500, 9100 (R200)
+
+ o Radeon 9000, M9 (RV250)
+
+ o 3Dlabs, supported on Intel x86 and AMD:
+
+ o Oxygen GMX 2000 (MX/Gamma based). Note: this driver is no longer
+ being actively developed.
+
+Support for other hardware is underway. Most of the DRI development work is
+funded by contracts with IHVs. These contracts often prevent us from
+announcing drivers before they're released. Queries about upcoming drivers
+may not be answerable.
+
+4. Prerequisite Software
+
+ o The DRI is available in XFree86 4.0 and later.
+
+ o Some hardware drivers require specific versions of the Linux kernel for
+ AGP support, etc. See section 10 for specifics.
+
+ o You DO NOT need to install Mesa separately. The parts of Mesa needed
+ for hardware acceleration are already in the XFree86/DRI project.
+
+5. Kernel Modules
+
+3D hardware acceleration requires a DRI kernel module that's specific to your
+graphics hardware.
+
+The DRI kernel module version must exactly match your running kernel version.
+Since there are so many versions of the kernel, it's difficult to provide
+precompiled kernel modules.
+
+While the Linux source tree includes the DRI kernel module sources, the lat-
+est DRI kernel sources will be found in the DRI source tree.
+
+See the DRI Compilation Guide for information on compiling the DRI kernel
+modules.
+
+XFree86 4.0.1 added automatic kernel module loading to the X server. On
+Linux, the X server uses modprobe to load kernel modules. In Linux 2.4.x the
+DRM kernel modules should be kept in /lib/modules/2.4.x/ker-
+nel/drivers/char/drm/ for automatic loading to work.
+
+Optionally, DRM kernel modules can be loaded manually with insmod prior to
+starting the X server.
+
+You can verify that the kernel module was installed with lsmod, checking the
+X server startup log, and checking that /proc/dri/0 exists.
+
+6. XF86Config file
+
+The XFree86 configuration file is usually found in /etc/X11/XF86Config. This
+section describes the parts which must be specially set for the DRI.
+
+First, the XF86Config file must load the GLX and DRI modules:
+
+ Section "Module"
+ ...
+ # This loads the GLX module
+ Load "glx"
+ # This loads the DRI module
+ Load "dri"
+ EndSection
+
+Next, the DRI section can be used to restrict access to direct rendering. A
+client can only use direct rendering if it has permission to open the
+/dev/dri/card? file(s). The permissions on these DRI device files is con-
+trolled by the "DRI" section in the XF86Config file.
+
+If you want all of the users on your system to be able to use direct-render-
+ing, then use a simple DRI section like this:
+
+ Section "DRI"
+ Mode 0666
+ EndSection
+
+This section will allow any user with a current connection to the X server to
+use direct rendering.
+
+If you want to restrict the use of direct-rendering to a certain group of
+users, then create a group for those users by editing the /etc/group file on
+your system. For example, you may want to create a group called xf86dri and
+place two users (e.g., fred and jane) in that group. To do that, you might
+add the following line to /etc/group:
+
+ xf86dri:x:8000:fred,jane
+
+You have to be careful that the group id (8000 in this example) is unique.
+
+Then you would use the following DRI section:
+
+ Section "DRI"
+ Group "xf86dri"
+ Mode 0660
+ EndSection
+
+This would limit access to direct-rendering to those users in the xf86dri
+group (fred and jane in this example). When other users tried to use direct
+rendering, they would fall back to unaccelerated indirect rendering.
+
+[Note that there is a known bug in XFree86 4.0 that prevents some changes to
+the DRI section from taking effect. Until this bug is fixed, if you change
+the DRI section, please also remove the /dev/dri directory with the rm -rf
+/dev/dri command.]
+
+Finally, the XF86Config file needs Device and Screen sections specific to
+your hardware. Look in section 10: Hardware-Specific Information and Trou-
+bleshooting for details.
+
+7. Memory usage
+
+Using the 3D features of a graphics card requires more memory than when it's
+just used as a 2D device. Double buffering, depth buffering, stencil
+buffers, textures, etc. all require extra graphics memory. These features
+may require four times the memory used for a simple 2D display.
+
+If your graphics card doesn't have a lot of memory (less than 16MB, for exam-
+ple), you may have to reduce your screen size and/or color depth in order to
+use 3D features. Reducing the screen resolution will also leave more space
+for texture images, possibly improving 3D performance. If, for example, you
+play Quake3 at 1024x768 but start your display at 1600x1200 you might con-
+sider restarting X at 1024x768 in order to maximize your texture memory
+space.
+
+The documentation included with your card should have information about maxi-
+mum screen size when using 3D.
+
+8. Using 3D Acceleration
+
+This section describes how to link your application with libGL.so and verify
+that you are in fact using 3D acceleration.
+
+8.1 libGL.so
+
+Your OpenGL program must link with the libGL.so.1.2 library provided by
+XFree86. The libGL.so.1.2 library contains a GLX protocol encoder for indi-
+rect/remote rendering and DRI code for accessing hardware drivers. In par-
+ticular, be sure you're not using libGL.so from another source such as Mesa
+or the Utah GLX project.
+
+Unless it was built in a special way, the libGL.so library does not contain
+any 3D hardware driver code. Instead, libGL.so dynamically loads the appro-
+priate 3D driver during initialization.
+
+Most simple OpenGL programs also use the GLUT and GLU libraries. A source
+for these libraries is listed in the Resources section below.
+
+8.2 Compiling and linking an OpenGL program
+
+A simple GLUT/OpenGL program may be compiled and linked as follows:
+
+ gcc program.c -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lglut -lGLU -lGL -o program
+
+The -I option is used to specify where the GL/glut.h (and possibly the
+GL/gl.h and GL/glu.h) header file may be found.
+
+The -L options specify where the libglut.so and the X libraries are located.
+libGL.so and libGLU.so should be in /usr/lib, as specified by the
+Linux/OpenGL ABI standard.
+
+The -lglut -lGLU -lGL arguments specify that the application should link with
+the GLUT, GLU and GL libraries, in that order.
+
+8.3 Running your OpenGL program
+
+Simply typing ./program in your shell should execute the program.
+
+If you get an error message such as
+
+ gears: error in loading shared libraries: libGL.so.1: cannot
+ open shared object file: No such file or directory
+
+if means that the libGL.so.1 file is not the right location. Proceed to the
+trouble shooting section.
+
+8.4 libOSMesa.so
+
+OSMesa (Off-Screen Mesa) is an interface and driver for rendering 3D images
+into a user-allocated block of memory rather than an on-screen window. It
+was originally developed for Mesa before Mesa became part of the XFree86/DRI
+project. It can now be used with the XFree86/DRI libGL.so as well.
+
+libOSMesa.so implements the OSMesa interface and it must be linked with your
+application if you want to use the OSMesa functions. You must also link with
+libGL.so. For example:
+
+ gcc osdemo.c -lOSMesa -lGLU -lGL -o osdemo
+
+In stand-alone Mesa this interface was compiled into the monolithic libGL.so
+(formerly libMesaGL.so) library. In XFree86 4.0.1 and later this interface
+is implemented in a separate library.
+
+8.5 glxinfo
+
+glxinfo is a useful program for checking which version of libGL you're using
+as well as which DRI-based driver. Simply type glxinfo and examine the
+OpenGL vendor, renderer, and version lines. Among the output you should see
+something like this:
+
+ OpenGL vendor string: VA Linux Systems, Inc.
+ OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Voodoo3 20000224
+ OpenGL version string: 1.2 Mesa 3.4
+
+or this:
+
+ OpenGL vendor string: VA Linux Systems, Inc.
+ OpenGL renderer string: Mesa GLX Indirect
+ OpenGL version string: 1.2 Mesa 3.4
+
+The first example indicates that the 3dfx driver is using Voodoo3 hardware.
+The second example indicates that no hardware driver was found and indirect,
+unaccelerated rendering is being used.
+
+If you see that indirect rendering is being used when direct rendering was
+expected, proceed to the troubleshooting section.
+
+glxinfo also lists all of the GLX-enhanced visuals available so you can
+determine which visuals are double-bufferd, have depth (Z) buffers, stencil
+buffers, accumulation buffers, etc.
+
+8.6 Environment Variables
+
+The libGL.so library recognizes three environment variables. Normally, none
+of them need to be defined. If you're using the csh or tcsh shells, type
+setenv VARNAME value to set the variable. Otherwise, if you're using sh or
+bash, type export VARNAME=value.
+
+ 1. LIBGL_DEBUG, if defined will cause libGL.so to print error and diagnos-
+ tic messages. This can help to solve problems. Setting LIBGL_DEBUG to
+ verbose may provide additional information.
+
+ 2. LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT, if defined this will force libGL.so to always
+ use indirect rendering instead of hardware acceleration. This can be
+ useful to isolate rendering errors.
+
+ 3. LIBGL_DRIVERS_PATH can be used to override the default directories
+ which are searched for 3D drivers. The value is one or more paths sep-
+ arated by colons. In a typical XFree86 installation, the 3D drivers
+ should be in /usr/X11R6/lib/modules/dri/ and LIBGL_DRIVERS_PATH need
+ not be defined. Note that this feature is disabled for set-uid pro-
+ grams. This variable replaces the LIBGL_DRIVERS_DIR env var used in
+ XFree86 4.0.
+
+ 4. MESA_DEBUG, if defined, will cause Mesa-based 3D drivers to print user
+ error messages to stderr. These are errors that you'd otherwise detect
+ by calling glGetError.
+
+Mesa-based drivers (this includes most of the drivers listed above) also
+observe many of the existing Mesa environment variables. These include the
+MESA_DEBUG and MESA_INFO variables.
+
+9. General Trouble Shooting
+
+This section contains information to help you diagnose general problems. See
+below for additional information for specific hardware.
+
+9.1 Bus Mastering
+
+DMA-based DRI drivers (that's most DRI drivers) cannot function unless bus
+mastering is enabled for your graphics card. By default, some systems don't
+having bus mastering on. You should enable it in your BIOS.
+
+Alternately, you can check the status of bus mastering and change the setting
+from within Linux. There may be similar procedures for other operating sys-
+tems.
+
+Run lspci (as root) and find the information describing your graphics
+adapter. For example:
+
+ 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX - 82443BX/ZX Host bridge (rev 03)
+ 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX - 82443BX/ZX AGP bridge (rev 03)
+ 00:07.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB PIIX4 ISA (rev 02)
+ 00:07.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)
+ 00:07.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82371AB PIIX4 USB (rev 01)
+ 00:07.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 02)
+ 00:11.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82557 [Ethernet Pro 100] (rev 08)
+ 00:12.0 SCSI storage controller: Symbios Logic Inc. (formerly NCR) 53c895 (rev 02)
+ 00:14.0 Multimedia audio controller: Ensoniq ES1371 [AudioPCI-97] (rev 08)
+ 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: 3Dfx Interactive, Inc.: Unknown device 0009 (rev 01)
+
+The bus, device, and function number comprise the device id, which is conven-
+tionally written in the form bus:dev.func, or in this case 01:00.0.
+
+Use the setpci command to examine bit two of register 4 for your graphics
+card. This will indicate whether or not bus mastering is enabled.
+
+ setpci -s 01:00.0 4.w
+
+A hexadecimal value will be printed. Convert the least significant digit to
+binary. For example, if you see 3, that's 0011 in binary (bit two is 0). If
+you see 7, that's 0111 in binary (bit two is 1). In the first example, bus
+mastering is disabled. It's enabled in the second example.
+
+The following shell script will enabled bus mastering for your graphics card
+and host bridge. Run it as root.
+
+ #!/bin/bash
+ dev=01:00.0 # change as appropriate
+ echo Enabling bus mastering on device $dev
+ setpci -s $dev 4.w=$(printf %x $((0x$(setpci -s $dev 4.w)|4)))
+ dev=00:00.0
+ echo Enabling bus mastering on host bridge $dev
+ setpci -s $dev 4.w=$(printf %x $((0x$(setpci -s $dev 4.w)|4)))
+
+You can check if this worked by running the first setpci command again.
+
+9.2 The X Server
+
+ 1. Before you start the X server, verify the appropriate 3D kernel module
+ is installed. Type lsmod and look for the appropriate kernel module.
+ For 3dfx hardware you should see tdfx, for example.
+
+ 2. Verify you're running XFree86 4.0 (or newer) and not an older version.
+ If you run xdpyinfo and look for the following line near the top:
+
+ vendor release number: 4000
+
+ 3. Verify that your XF86Config file (usually found at /etc/X11/XF86Config)
+ loads the glx and dri modules and has a DRI section.
+
+ See the Software Resources section below for sample XF86Config files.
+
+ 4. Examine the messages printed during X server startup and check that the
+ DRM module loaded. Using the Voodoo3 as an example:
+
+ (==) TDFX(0): Write-combining range (0xf0000000,0x2000000)
+ (II) TDFX(0): Textures Memory 7.93 MB
+ (0): [drm] created "tdfx" driver at busid "PCI:1:0:0"
+ (0): [drm] added 4096 byte SAREA at 0xc65dd000
+ (0): [drm] mapped SAREA 0xc65dd000 to 0x40013000
+ (0): [drm] framebuffer handle = 0xf0000000
+ (0): [drm] added 1 reserved context for kernel
+ (II) TDFX(0): [drm] Registers = 0xfc000000
+ (II) TDFX(0): visual configs initialized
+ (II) TDFX(0): Using XFree86 Acceleration Architecture (XAA)
+ Screen to screen bit blits
+ Solid filled rectangles
+ 8x8 mono pattern filled rectangles
+ Indirect CPU to Screen color expansion
+ Solid Lines
+ Dashed Lines
+ Offscreen Pixmaps
+ Driver provided NonTEGlyphRenderer replacement
+ Setting up tile and stipple cache:
+ 10 128x128 slots
+ (==) TDFX(0): Backing store disabled
+ (==) TDFX(0): Silken mouse enabled
+ (0): X context handle = 0x00000001
+ (0): [drm] installed DRM signal handler
+ (0): [DRI] installation complete
+ (II) TDFX(0): direct rendering enabled
+
+ 5. After the X server has started, verify that the required X server
+ extensions are loaded. Run xdpyinfo and look for the following entries
+ in the extensions list:
+
+ GLX
+ SGI-GLX
+ XFree86-DRI
+
+9.3 Linking, running and verifying 3D acceleration
+
+After you've verified that the X server and DRI have started correctly it's
+time to verify that the GL library and hardware drivers are working cor-
+rectly.
+
+ 1. Verify that you're using the correct libGL.so library with ldd. The
+ /usr/lib and /usr/X11R6/lib directories are expected locations for
+ libGL.so.
+
+ Example:
+
+ % ldd /usr/local/bin/glxinfo
+ libglut.so.3 => /usr/local/lib/libglut.so.3 (0x40019000)
+ libGLU.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libGLU.so.1 (0x40051000)
+ libGL.so.1 => /usr/lib/libGL.so.1 (0x40076000)
+ libXmu.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXmu.so.6 (0x402ee000)
+ libXi.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXi.so.6 (0x40301000)
+ libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x40309000)
+ libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40325000)
+ libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x40419000)
+ libXt.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXt.so.6 (0x404bd000)
+ libSM.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libSM.so.6 (0x40509000)
+ libICE.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libICE.so.6 (0x40512000)
+ libXext.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXext.so.6 (0x40529000)
+ libvga.so.1 => /usr/lib/libvga.so.1 (0x40537000)
+ libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x4057d000)
+ /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
+
+ 2. You may also double check that libGL.so is in fact DRI-capable. Run
+ strings libGL.so.1.2 | grep DRI and look for symbols prefixed with
+ "XF86DRI", such as "XF86DRIQueryExtension".
+
+ 3. To be safe one should run ldconfig after installing libGL.so to be sure
+ the runtime loader will find the proper library.
+
+ 4. Verify that the appropriate 3D driver is in /usr/X11R6/lib/modules/dri/
+ For example, the 3dfx driver will be named tdfx_dri.so.
+
+ 5. Set the LIBGL_DEBUG environment variable. This will cause libGL.so to
+ print an error message if it fails to load a DRI driver. Any error
+ message printed should be self-explanatory.
+
+ 6. Run glxinfo. Note the line labeled "OpenGL renderer string". It
+ should have a value which starts with "Mesa DRI" followed by the name
+ of your hardware.
+
+ 7. Older Linux OpenGL applications may have been linked against Mesa's GL
+ library and will not automatically use libGL.so. In some cases, making
+ symbolic links from the Mesa GL library to libGL.so.1 will solve the
+ problem:
+
+ ln -s libGL.so.1 libMesaGL.so.3
+
+ In other cases, the application will have to be relinked against the
+ new XFree86 libGL.so.
+
+ It is reported that part of the problem is that running ldconfig will
+ silently rewrite symbolic links based on the SONAME field in libraries.
+
+If you're still having trouble, look in the next section for information spe-
+cific to your graphics card.
+
+10. Hardware-Specific Information and Troubleshooting
+
+This section presents hardware-specific information for normal use and trou-
+bleshooting.
+
+10.1 3dfx Banshee, Voodoo3, Voodoo4 and Voodoo5 Series
+
+10.1.1 Requirements
+
+The 3dfx DRI driver requires special versions of the 3dfx Glide library.
+Different versions of Glide are needed for Banshee/Voodoo3 than for
+Voodoo4/5. The Glide libraries can be downloaded from the DRI website.
+
+10.1.2 Configuration
+
+Your XF86Config file's device section must specify the tdfx device. For
+example:
+
+ Section "Device"
+ Identifier "Voodoo3"
+ VendorName "3dfx"
+ Driver "tdfx"
+ EndSection
+
+Or,
+
+ Section "Device"
+ Identifier "Voodoo5"
+ VendorName "3dfx"
+ Driver "tdfx"
+ EndSection
+
+The Screen section should then reference the Voodoo device:
+
+ Section "Screen"
+ Identifier "Screen 1"
+ Device "Voodoo3"
+ Monitor "High Res Monitor"
+ DefaultDepth 16
+ Subsection "Display"
+ Depth 16
+ Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
+ ViewPort 0 0
+ EndSubsection
+ EndSection
+
+Or,
+
+ Section "Screen"
+ Identifier "Screen 1"
+ Device "Voodoo5"
+ Monitor "High Res Monitor"
+ DefaultDepth 24
+ Subsection "Display"
+ Depth 16
+ Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
+ ViewPort 0 0
+ EndSubsection
+ Subsection "Display"
+ Depth 24
+ Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
+ ViewPort 0 0
+ EndSubsection
+ EndSection
+
+The kernel module for 3dfx hardware is named tdfx.o and should be installed
+in /lib/modules/2.4.x/kernel/drivers/char/drm/. It will be automatically
+loaded by the Xserver if needed.
+
+The DRI 3D driver for 3dfx hardware should be in /usr/X11R6/lib/mod-
+ules/dri/tdfx_dri.so. This will be automatically loaded by libGL.so.
+
+The Voodoo5 supports 3D rendering in 16 and 32 bpp modes. When running in
+32bpp mode an 8-bit stencil buffer and 24-bit Z (depth) buffer are offered.
+When running in 16bpp mode only a 16-bit Z (depth) buffer is offered and
+stencil is implemented in software.
+
+A software-based accumulation buffer is available in both 16 and 32bpp modes.
+
+10.1.3 Troubleshooting
+
+ o If you try to run an OpenGL application and see an error message similar
+ to
+
+ gd error (glide): gd error (glide): grSstSelect: non-existent SSTgd error (glide): grSstSelect: non-existent SSTS
+
+ it means that you have the wrong version of the Glide library for your
+ hardware.
+
+ o 3D acceleration for Banshee and Voodoo3 is only supported in the 16
+ bit/pixel screen mode. Use xdpyinfo to verify that all your visuals are
+ depth 16. Edit your XF86Config file if needed.
+
+ o The /dev/3dfx device is not used for DRI; it's only for Glide on older
+ 3dfx hardware.
+
+ o Different versions of Glide are needed for Voodoo3 and Voodoo5. See the
+ DRI website's resources page to download the right version of Glide.
+
+ o Voodoo4/5 may be run at 24bpp (instead of 32bpp, the default) but 3D
+ acceleration is not supported in that mode. 32bpp mode is fully 3D
+ accelerated.
+
+10.1.4 Performance and Features
+
+ o Normally, buffer swapping in double-buffered applications is synchro-
+ nized to your monitor's refresh rate. This may be overridden by setting
+ the FX_GLIDE_SWAPINTERVAL environment variable. The value of this vari-
+ able indicates the maximum number of swap buffer commands can be
+ buffered. Zero allows maximum frame rate.
+
+ o On Voodoo4/5, rendering with 16-bits/texel textures is faster than using
+ 32-bit per texel textures. The internalFormat parameter to glTexImage2D
+ can be used to control texel size. Quake3 and other games let you con-
+ trol this as well.
+
+ o The glTexEnv mode GL_BLEND is not directly supported by the Voodoo3
+ hardware. It can be accomplished with a multipass algorithm but it's
+ not implemented at this time. Applications which use that mode, such as
+ the Performer Town demo, may become sluggish when falling back to soft-
+ ware rendering to render in that mode.
+
+ o The Voodoo3/Banshee driver reverts to software rendering under the fol-
+ lowing conditions:
+
+ o Setting GL_LIGHT_MODEL_COLOR_CONTROL to GL_SEPARATE_SPECULAR_COLOR.
+
+ o Enabling line stippling or polygon stippling.
+
+ o Enabling point smoothing or polygon smoothing.
+
+ o Enabling line smoothing when line width is not 1.0. That is,
+ antialiased lines are done in hardware only when the line width is
+ 1.0.
+
+ o Using 1-D or 3-D texture maps.
+
+ o Using the GL_BLEND texture environment.
+
+ o Using stencil operations.
+
+ o Using the accumulation buffer.
+
+ o Using glBlendEquation(GL_LOGIC_OP).
+
+ o Using glDrawBuffer(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK).
+
+ o Using glPolygonMode(face, GL_POINT) or glPolygonMode(face,
+ GL_LINE).
+
+ o Using point size attenuation (i.e. GL_DISTANCE_ATTENUATION_EXT).
+
+ o Using glColorMask(r, g, b, a) when r!=g or g!=b.
+
+ o The Voodoo5 driver reverts to software rendering under the same condi-
+ tions Voodoo3 with three exceptions. First, stencil operations are
+ implemented in hardware when the screen is configured for 32 bits/pixel.
+ Second, the GL_BLEND texture env mode is fully supported in hardware.
+ Third, glColorMask is fully supported in hardware when the screen is
+ configured for 32 bits/pixel.
+
+ o As of January, 2001 the second VSA-100 chip on the Voodoo5 is not yet
+ operational. Therefore, the board isn't being used to its full capac-
+ ity. The second VSA-100 chip will allow Scan-Line Interleave (SLI) mode
+ for full-screen applications and games, potentially doubling the sys-
+ tem's fill rate. When the second VSA-100 chip is activated glGet-
+ String(GL_RENDERER) will report Voodoo5 instead of Voodoo4.
+
+ o The lowest mipmap level is sometimes miscolored in trilinear- sampled
+ polygons.
+
+ o The GL_EXT_texture_env_combine extension is supported on the Voodoo4 and
+ Voodoo5.
+
+10.1.5 Known Problems
+
+ o The lowest mipmap level is sometimes miscolored in trilinear- sampled
+ polygons (Voodoo3/Banshee).
+
+ o Fog doesn't work with orthographic projections.
+
+ o The accuracy of blending operations on Voodoo4/5 isn't always very good.
+ If you run Glean, you'll find some test failures.
+
+ o The Glide library cannot be used directly; it's only meant to be used
+ via the tdfx DRI driver.
+
+ o SSystem has problems because of poorly set near and far clipping planes.
+ The office.unc Performer model also suffers from this problem.
+
+10.2 Intel i810
+
+10.2.1 Requirements
+
+A kernel with AGP GART support (such as Linux 2.4.x) is needed.
+
+10.2.2 Configuration
+
+Your XF86Config file's device section must specify the i810 device, and spec-
+ify a usable amount of video ram to reserve.
+
+ Section "Device"
+ Identifier "i810"
+ VendorName "Intel"
+ Driver "i810"
+ Option "AGPMode" "1"
+ VideoRam 10000
+ EndSection
+
+The Screen section should then reference the i810 device:
+
+ Section "Screen"
+ Identifier "Screen 1"
+ Device "i810"
+ Monitor "High Res Monitor"
+ DefaultDepth 16
+ Subsection "Display"
+ Depth 16
+ Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
+ ViewPort 0 0
+ EndSubsection
+ EndSection
+
+The kernel module for the i810 is named i810.o and should be installed in
+/lib/modules/2.4.x/kernel/drivers/char/drm/. It will be automatically loaded
+by the Xserver if needed.
+
+The DRI 3D driver for the i810 should be in /usr/X11R6/lib/mod-
+ules/dri/i810_dri.so. This will be automatically loaded by libGL.so.
+
+10.2.3 Troubleshooting
+
+ o 3D acceleration for the i810 is only available in the 16 bit/pixel
+ screen mode at this time. 32bpp acceleration is not supported by this
+ hardware. Use xdpyinfo to verify that all your visuals are depth 16.
+ Edit your XF86Config file if needed.
+
+ o The i810 uses system ram for video and 3d graphics. The X server will
+ ordinarily reserve 4mb of ram for graphics, which is too little for an
+ effective 3d setup. To tell the driver to use a larger amount, specify
+ a VideoRam option in the Device section of your XF86Config file. A num-
+ ber between 10000 and 16384 seems adequate for most requirements. If
+ too little memory is available for DMA buffers, back and depth buffers
+ and textures, direct rendering will be disabled.
+
+10.2.4 Performance and Features
+
+Basically all of the i810 features which can be exposed through OpenGL 1.2
+are implemented. However, the following OpenGL features are implemented in
+software and will be slow:
+
+ o Stencil buffer and accumulation buffer operations
+
+ o Blend subtract, min/max and logic op blend modes
+
+ o glColorMask when any mask is set to false
+
+ o GL_SEPARATE_SPECULAR_COLOR lighting mode
+
+ o glDrawBuffer(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK)
+
+ o Using 1D or 3D textures
+
+ o Using texture borders
+
+10.3 Matrox G200 and G400
+
+10.3.1 Requirements
+
+A kernel with AGP GART support (such as Linux 2.4.x) is needed.
+
+10.3.2 Configuration
+
+Your XF86Config file's device section must specify the mga device:
+
+ Section "Device"
+ Identifier "MGA"
+ VendorName "Matrox"
+ Driver "mga"
+ Option "AGPMode" "1"
+ VideoRam 32768
+ EndSection
+
+The Screen section should then reference the MGA device:
+
+ Section "Screen"
+ Identifier "Screen 1"
+ Device "MGA"
+ Monitor "High Res Monitor"
+ DefaultDepth 16
+ Subsection "Display"
+ Depth 16
+ Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
+ ViewPort 0 0
+ EndSubsection
+ EndSection
+
+To use a 32bpp screen mode, use this Screen section instead:
+
+ Section "Screen"
+ Identifier "Screen 1"
+ Device "MGA"
+ Monitor "High Res Monitor"
+ DefaultDepth 24
+ DefaultFbBpp 32
+ Subsection "Display"
+ Depth 24
+ Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
+ ViewPort 0 0
+ EndSubsection
+ EndSection
+
+The kernel module for the G200/G400 is named mga.o and should be installed in
+/lib/modules/2.4.x/kernel/drivers/char/drm/. It will be automatically loaded
+by the Xserver if needed.
+
+The DRI 3D driver for the G200/G400 should be in /usr/X11R6/lib/mod-
+ules/dri/mga_dri.so. This will be automatically loaded by libGL.so.
+
+10.3.3 Performance and Features
+
+Software rendering will be used under any of the following conditions:
+
+ o Using glDrawBuffer(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK).
+
+ o Using point, line, or triangle smoothing.
+
+ o Using glLogicOp.
+
+ o Using glPolygonStipple or glLineStipple.
+
+ o Using 1D or 3D textures.
+
+ o Using texture borders.
+
+ o Using glDepthFunc(GL_NEVER).
+
+ o Using the accumulation buffer.
+
+The AGP mode may be set to 1, 2, or 4. One is used by default. Higher AGP
+speeds may result in unreliable performance depending on your motherboard.
+
+Compaq has funded the implementation of AGP accelerated ReadPixels and Draw-
+Pixels in this driver. With this implementation, on a G400 drawing directly
+from AGP memory (exported to the client), throughput of up to 1 GB/sec has
+been measured.
+
+Additionally Compaq's funding has produced several new extensions in Mesa,
+including one (packed_depth_stencil_MESA) which enables Read/DrawPixels func-
+tionality to operate directly on the packed 24/8 depth/stencil buffers of
+this hardware.
+
+In order to access this functionality, the application must ensure that all
+pixel processing operations are disabled. There are in addition a fairly
+complex set of rules regarding which packing/unpacking modes must be used,
+and which data formats are supported, and alignment constraints. See the
+files in lib/GL/mesa/src/drv/mga/DOCS for a summary of these. The extension
+definitions are included in the Mesa 3.4 source distribution.
+
+10.3.4 IRQ Assignment
+
+There have been problems in the past with the MGA driver being very sluggish
+when the DRI is enabled (to the point of being unusable.) This is caused by
+the graphics card not having an interrupt assigned to it. The current DRI
+trunk will attempt to detect this condition and bail out gracefully.
+
+The solution to the above problem is to assign an interrupt to your graphics
+card. This is something you must turn on in your system BIOS configuration.
+Please consult your system BIOS manual for instructions on how to enable an
+interrupt for your graphics card.
+
+10.3.5 MGA HAL lib
+
+MGAHALlib.a is a binary library Matrox has provided for use under Linux to
+expose functionality for which they can not provide documentation. (For
+example TV-Out requires MacroVision be enabled on the output.) This binary
+library also sets the pixel/memory clocks to the optimal settings for your
+Matrox card.
+
+Currently the MGAHAL library is required for the G450 to work. You can down-
+load this from the driver section on Matrox's website: www.matrox.com/mga
+
+Here modifications to the DRI build instructions which make the mga ddx
+driver use the MGAHAL library:
+
+ 1.Put the following define in your host.def file
+ #define UseMatroxHal YES
+ 2. Place mgaHALlib.a in the following directory
+ xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/drivers/mga/HALlib/
+
+You can use DualHead on the G400/G450 DH cards by creating two device sec-
+tions which both point to the same BusID. For most AGP devices the BusID
+will be "PCI:1:0:0". Configure your screen section as you would normally
+configure XFree86 4.x Multihead. It should be noted that currently the sec-
+ond head does not support direct rendering.
+
+10.3.6 Known Problems
+
+None.
+
+10.4 ATI Rage 128
+
+10.4.1 Requirements
+
+A kernel with AGP GART support (such as Linux 2.4.x) is needed.
+
+10.4.2 Configuration
+
+Your XF86Config file's device section must specify the ati device:
+
+ Section "Device"
+ Identifier "Rage128"
+ VendorName "ATI"
+ Driver "ati"
+ Option "AGPMode" "1"
+ Option "UseCCEFor2D" "false"
+ EndSection
+
+The Screen section should then reference the Rage 128 device:
+
+ Section "Screen"
+ Identifier "Screen 1"
+ Device "Rage128"
+ Monitor "High Res Monitor"
+ DefaultDepth 16
+ Subsection "Display"
+ Depth 16
+ Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
+ ViewPort 0 0
+ EndSubsection
+ Subsection "Display"
+ Depth 32
+ Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
+ ViewPort 0 0
+ EndSubsection
+ EndSection
+
+The kernel module for the Rage 128 is named r128.o and should be installed in
+/lib/modules/2.4.x/kernel/drivers/char/drm/. It will be automatically loaded
+by the Xserver if needed.
+
+The DRI 3D driver for the Rage 128 should be in /usr/X11R6/lib/mod-
+ules/dri/r128_dri.so. This will be automatically loaded by libGL.so.
+
+You may also set your screen depth to 32 for 32bpp mode.
+
+10.4.3 Performance and Features
+
+While PCI Rage 128 based cards are supported, they do not yet support PCI
+GART, so they will not perform as well as their AGP counterparts.
+
+For AGP cards, the AGP mode may be set to 1, 2, or 4. One is used by
+default. Higher AGP speeds may result in unreliable performance depending on
+your motherboard.
+
+Note that even at 32bpp there is no alpha channel.
+
+The following OpenGL features are implemented in software and will be slow:
+
+ o accumulation buffer operations
+
+ o stencil, when using a 16bpp screen
+
+ o Blend subtract, min/max and logic op blend modes
+
+ o GL_SEPARATE_SPECULAR_COLOR lighting mode
+
+ o glDrawBuffer(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK)
+
+ o Using 1D or 3D textures
+
+ o Using texture borders
+
+10.4.4 Known Problems
+
+If you experience stability problems you may try setting the UseCCEFor2D
+option to true. This will effectively disable 2D hardware acceleration.
+Performance will be degraded, of course.
+
+10.5 ATI Radeon
+
+10.5.1 Requirements
+
+A kernel with AGP GART support (such as Linux 2.4.x) is needed.
+
+10.5.2 Configuration
+
+Your XF86Config file's device section must specify the ati device:
+
+ Section "Device"
+ Identifier "Radeon"
+ VendorName "ATI"
+ Driver "ati"
+ Option "AGPMode" "1"
+ EndSection
+
+The Screen section should then reference the Radeon device:
+
+ Section "Screen"
+ Identifier "Screen 1"
+ Device "Radeon"
+ Monitor "High Res Monitor"
+ DefaultDepth 16
+ Subsection "Display"
+ Depth 16
+ Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
+ ViewPort 0 0
+ EndSubsection
+ Subsection "Display"
+ Depth 32
+ Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
+ ViewPort 0 0
+ EndSubsection
+ EndSection
+
+The kernel module for the Radeon is named radeon.o and should be installed in
+/lib/modules/2.4.x/kernel/drivers/char/drm/. It will be automatically loaded
+by the Xserver if needed.
+
+The DRI 3D driver for the Radeon should be in /usr/X11R6/lib/mod-
+ules/dri/radeon_dri.so. This will be automatically loaded by libGL.so.
+
+You may also set your screen depth to 32 for 32bpp mode.
+
+10.5.3 Performance and Features
+
+While this driver supports many of the features of ATI Radeon cards, we do
+not yet fully support the card's TCL features. This work is progressing, but
+is not yet ready.
+
+The AGP mode may be set to 1, 2, or 4. One is used by default. Higher AGP
+speeds may result in unreliable performance depending on your motherboard.
+
+The following OpenGL features are implemented in software and will be slow:
+
+ o Blend subtract, blend min/max and blend logicops
+
+ o Stencil and accumulation operations
+
+ o 1D and 3D textures
+
+ o Texture borders
+
+The GL_EXT_texture_env_combine, GL_EXT_texture_env_add and GL_EXT_tex-
+ture_env_dot3 extensions are supported (or will be soon supported in the new
+driver based on Mesa 3.5).
+
+We hope to implement support for the following features in the future:
+
+ o Vertex transformation, clipping and lighting (TCL)
+
+ o Hardware stencil buffer
+
+ o Cube map textures
+
+ o 3D textures
+
+ o Three texture units
+
+10.5.4 Known Problems
+
+Certain (early?) revisions of the AMD Irongate chipset have AGPGART problems
+which effect Radeon, and other graphics cards. The card may work unreliably,
+or not work at all. If the DRM kernel module is not loaded, the 2D Xserver
+may work. There's hope that this can be fixed in the future.
+
+10.6 3DLabs Oxygen GMX 2000
+
+The driver for this hardware was experimental and is no longer being devel-
+oped or supported.
+
+11. General Limitations and Known Bugs
+
+11.1 OpenGL
+
+The following OpenGL features are not supported at this time: overlays,
+stereo, hardware-accelerated indirect rendering.
+
+OpenGL-like functionality is provided with the Mesa library. XFree86 4.1.0
+uses Mesa 3.4.2. Subsequent releases of XFree86 will use newer versions of
+Mesa. When newer versions of Mesa are available, the 3D drivers can be
+updated without reinstalling XFree86 or libGL.so.
+
+11.2 GLX
+
+The GLX 1.3 API is exported but none of the new 1.3 functions are opera-
+tional.
+
+The new glXGetProcAddressARB function is fully supported.
+
+GLXPixmap rendering is only supported for indirect rendering contexts. This
+is a common OpenGL limitation. Attempting to use a direct rendering context
+with a GLXPixmap will result in an X protocol error.
+
+11.3 Debugging
+
+Debugging DRI drivers with gdb can be difficult because of the locking
+involved. When debugging OpenGL applications, you should avoid stepping
+inside the GL functions. If you're trying to debug a DRI driver it's recom-
+mended that you do so remotely, from a second system.
+
+11.4 Scheduling
+
+When you run multiple GL applications at once you may notice poor time slic-
+ing. This is due to an interaction problem with the Linux scheduler which
+will be addressed in the future.
+
+11.5 libGL.so and dlopen()
+
+A number of popular OpenGL applications on Linux (such as Quake3, HereticII,
+Heavy Gear 2, etc) dynamically open the libGL.so library at runtime with
+dlopen(), rather than linking with -lGL at compile/link time.
+
+If dynamic loading of libGL.so is not implemented carefully, there can be a
+number of serious problems. Here are the things to be careful of in your
+application:
+
+ o Specify the RTLD_GLOBAL flag to dlopen(). If you don't do this then
+ you'll likely see a runtime error message complaining that _glapi_Con-
+ text is undefined when libGL.so tries to open a hardware-specific
+ driver. Without this flag, nested opening of dynamic libraries does not
+ work.
+
+ o Do not close the library with dlclose() until after XCloseDisplay() has
+ been called. When libGL.so initializes itself it registers several
+ callbacks functions with Xlib. When XCloseDisplay() is called those
+ callback functions are called. If libGL.so has already been unloaded
+ with dlclose() this will cause a segmentation fault.
+
+ o Your application should link with -lpthread. On Linux, libGL.so uses
+ the pthreads library in order to provide thread safety. There is appar-
+ ently a bug in the dlopen()/dlclose() code which causes crashes if the
+ library uses pthreads but the parent application doesn't. The only
+ known work-around is to link the application with -lpthread.
+
+Some applications don't yet incorporate these procedures and may fail. For
+example, changing the graphics settings in some video games will expose this
+problem. The DRI developers are working with game vendors to prevent this
+problem in the future.
+
+11.6 Bug Database
+
+The DRI bug database which includes bugs related to specific drivers is at
+the SourceForge DRI Bug Database
+
+Please scan both the open and closed bug lists to determine if your problem
+has already been reported and perhaps fixed.
+
+12. Resources
+
+12.1 Software
+
+A collection of useful configuration files, libraries, headers, utilities and
+demo programs is available from http://dri.sourceforge.net/res.phtml
+
+12.2 Documentation
+
+ o General OpenGL information is available at the OpenGL Home Page
+
+ o XFree86 information is available at the XFree86 Home Page
+
+ o Information about the design of the DRI is available from Precision
+ Insight, Inc.
+
+ o Visit the DRI project on SourceForge.net for the latest development news
+ about the DRI and 3D drivers.
+
+ o The DRI Compilation Guide explains how to download, compile and install
+ the DRI for yourself.
+
+12.3 Support
+
+ o The DRI-users mailing list at SourceForge is a forum for people to dis-
+ cuss DRI problems.
+
+ o In the future there may be IHV and Linux vendor support resources for
+ the DRI.
+
+ Generated from XFree86: xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/doc/sgml/DRI.sgml,v 1.28 dawes Exp $
+
+