Checked in the following released items:

xkeyboard-config-1.4.tar.gz
ttf-bitstream-vera-1.10.tar.gz
font-alias-1.0.1.tar.gz
font-sun-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-sun-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-sony-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-schumacher-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-mutt-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-misc-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-misc-meltho-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-micro-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-jis-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-isas-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-dec-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-daewoo-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-cursor-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-arabic-misc-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-winitzki-cyrillic-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-misc-cyrillic-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-cronyx-cyrillic-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-screen-cyrillic-1.0.1.tar.gz
font-xfree86-type1-1.0.1.tar.gz
font-adobe-utopia-type1-1.0.1.tar.gz
font-ibm-type1-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-bitstream-type1-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-bitstream-speedo-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-bh-ttf-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-bh-type1-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-bitstream-100dpi-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-bh-lucidatypewriter-100dpi-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-bh-100dpi-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-adobe-utopia-100dpi-1.0.1.tar.gz
font-adobe-100dpi-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-util-1.0.1.tar.gz
font-bitstream-75dpi-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-bh-lucidatypewriter-75dpi-1.0.0.tar.gz
font-adobe-utopia-75dpi-1.0.1.tar.gz
font-bh-75dpi-1.0.0.tar.gz
bdftopcf-1.0.1.tar.gz
font-adobe-75dpi-1.0.0.tar.gz
mkfontscale-1.0.6.tar.gz
openssl-0.9.8k.tar.gz
bigreqsproto-1.0.2.tar.gz
xtrans-1.2.2.tar.gz
resourceproto-1.0.2.tar.gz
inputproto-1.4.4.tar.gz
compositeproto-0.4.tar.gz
damageproto-1.1.0.tar.gz
zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
xkbcomp-1.0.5.tar.gz
freetype-2.3.9.tar.gz
pthreads-w32-2-8-0-release.tar.gz
pixman-0.12.0.tar.gz
kbproto-1.0.3.tar.gz
evieext-1.0.2.tar.gz
fixesproto-4.0.tar.gz
recordproto-1.13.2.tar.gz
randrproto-1.2.2.tar.gz
scrnsaverproto-1.1.0.tar.gz
renderproto-0.9.3.tar.gz
xcmiscproto-1.1.2.tar.gz
fontsproto-2.0.2.tar.gz
xextproto-7.0.3.tar.gz
xproto-7.0.14.tar.gz
libXdmcp-1.0.2.tar.gz
libxkbfile-1.0.5.tar.gz
libfontenc-1.0.4.tar.gz
libXfont-1.3.4.tar.gz
libX11-1.1.5.tar.gz
libXau-1.0.4.tar.gz
libxcb-1.1.tar.gz
xorg-server-1.5.3.tar.gz

1 files changed, 1158 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/xorg-server/hw/xfree86/doc/README.fonts b/xorg-server/hw/xfree86/doc/README.fonts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ad2b49d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xorg-server/hw/xfree86/doc/README.fonts
@@ -0,0 +1,1158 @@
+                              Fonts in X11R6.9
+
+                  Juliusz Chroboczek, <jch@pps.jussieu.fr>
+
+                                25 March 2004
+
+1.  Introduction
+
+This document describes the support for fonts in X11R6.9.  Installing fonts
+(section 2., page 1) is aimed at the casual user wishing to install fonts in
+X11R6.9 the rest of the document describes the font support in more detail.
+
+We assume some familiarity with digital fonts.  If anything is not clear to
+you, please consult Appendix: Background (section 5., page 1) at the end of
+this document for background information.
+
+1.1  Two font systems
+
+X includes two font systems: the original core X11 fonts system, which is
+present in all implementations of X11, and the Xft fonts system, which may
+not be distributed with implementations of X11 that are not based on X11R6.9
+but will hopefully be included by them in the future
+
+The core X11 fonts system is directly derived from the fonts system included
+with X11R1 in 1987, which could only use monochrome bitmap fonts.  Over the
+years, it has been more or less happily coerced into dealing with scalable
+fonts and rotated glyphs.
+
+Xft was designed from the start to provide good support for scalable fonts,
+and do so efficiently.  Unlike the core fonts system, it supports features
+such as anti-aliasing and sub-pixel rasterisation.  Perhaps more importantly,
+it gives applications full control over the way glyphs are rendered, making
+fine typesetting and WYSIWIG display possible.  Finally, it allows applica-
+tions to use fonts that are not installed system-wide for displaying docu-
+ments with embedded fonts.
+
+Xft is not compatible with the core fonts system: usage of Xft requires mak-
+ing fairly extensive changes to toolkits (user-interface libraries).  While
+X.org will continue to maintain the core fonts system, toolkit authors are
+encouraged to switch to Xft as soon as possible.
+
+2.  Installing fonts
+
+This section explains how to configure both Xft and the core fonts system to
+access newly-installed fonts.
+
+2.1  Configuring Xft
+
+Xft has no configuration mechanism itself, rather it relies upon the fontcon-
+fig library to configure and customize fonts.  That library is not specific
+to X11R6.9 or indeed on any particular font output mechanism.  This discus-
+sion describes how fontconfig, rather than Xft, works.
+
+2.1.1  Installing fonts in Xft
+
+Fontconfig looks for fonts in a set of well-known directories that include
+all of X11R6.9's standard font directories (`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/lib/fonts/*')
+by default) as well as a directory called `.fonts/' in the user's home direc-
+tory.  Installing a font for use by Xft applications is as simple as copying
+a font file into one of these directories.
+
+     $ cp lucbr.ttf ~/.fonts/
+
+Fontconfig will notice the new font at the next opportunity and rebuild its
+list of fonts.  If you want to trigger this update from the command line (for
+example in order to globally update the system-wide Fontconfig information),
+you may run the command `fc-cache'.
+
+     $ fc-cache
+
+2.1.2  Fine-tuning Xft
+
+Fontconfig's behaviour is controlled by a set of configuration files: a sys-
+tem-wide configuration file, `/etc/fonts/fonts.conf', and a user-specific
+file called `.fonts.conf' in the user's home directory (this can be overrid-
+den with the `FONTCONFIG_FILE' environment variable).
+
+Every Fontconfig configuration file must start with the following boiler-
+plate:
+
+     <?xml version="1.0"?>
+     <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
+     <fontconfig>
+
+In addition, every Fontconfig configuration file must end with the following
+line:
+
+     </fontconfig>
+
+The default Fontconfig configuration file includes the directory `~/.fonts/'
+in the list of directories searched for font files, and this is where user-
+specific font files should be installed.  In the unlikely case that a new
+font directory needs to be added, this can be done with the following syntax:
+
+     <dir>/usr/local/share/fonts/</dir>
+
+Another useful option is the ability to disable anti-aliasing (font smooth-
+ing) for selected fonts.  This can be done with the following syntax:
+
+     <match target="font">
+         <test qual="any" name="family">
+             <string>Lucida Console</string>
+         </test>
+         <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
+             <bool>false</bool>
+         </edit>
+     </match>
+
+Anti-aliasing can be disabled for all fonts by the following incantation:
+
+     <match target="font">
+         <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
+             <bool>false</bool>
+         </edit>
+     </match>
+
+Xft supports sub-pixel rasterisation on LCD displays.  X11R6.9 should auto-
+matically enable this feature on laptops and when using an LCD monitor con-
+nected with a DVI cable; you can check whether this was done by typing
+
+     $ xdpyinfo -ext RENDER | grep sub-pixel
+
+If this doesn't print anything, you will need to configure Render for your
+particular LCD hardware manually; this is done with the following syntax:
+
+     <match target="font">
+         <edit name="rgba" mode="assign">
+             <const>rgb</const>
+         </edit>
+     </match>
+
+The string `rgb' within the `<const>'...`</const>' specifies the order of
+pixel components on your display, and should be changed to match your hard-
+ware; it can be one of `rgb (normal LCD screen), `bgr' (backwards LCD
+screen), `vrgb' (LCD screen rotated clockwise) or `vbgr' (LCD screen rotated
+counterclockwise).
+
+2.1.3  Configuring applications
+
+Because most current applications use the core fonts system by default, it is
+necessary to explicitly configure them to use Xft.  How this is done depends
+on the application.
+
+XTerm can be set to use Xft by using the `-fa' command line option or by set-
+ting the `XTerm*faceName' resource:
+
+     XTerm*faceName: Courier
+
+or
+
+     $ xterm -fa "Courier"
+
+For applications based on GTK+ 2.0 (including GNOME 2 applications), the
+environment variable `GDK_USE_XFT' should be set to `1':
+
+     $ export GDK_USE_XFT=1
+
+GTK+ 2.2 uses Xft by default.
+
+For KDE applications, you should select ``Anti-alias fonts'' in the ``Fonts''
+panel of KDE's ``Control Center''.  Note that this option is misnamed: it
+switches KDE to using Xft but doesn't enable anti-aliasing in case it was
+disabled by your Xft configuration file.
+
+(What about Mozilla?)
+
+2.1.4  Troubleshooting
+
+If some Xft-based applications don't seem to notice the changes you are mak-
+ing to your configuration files, they may be linked against an old version of
+Xft.  In order to fix the problem, you should relink them against a current
+version of Xft; on most systems, it is enough to install the current version
+of the Xft and Fontconfig libraries.
+
+If, for some reason, you cannot upgrade the shared libraries, please check
+the Xft(3) manual page included with XFree86 4.2 for the configuration mecha-
+nisms of the previous version of Xft.
+
+2.2  Configuring the core X11 fonts system
+
+Installing fonts in the core system is a two step process.  First, you need
+to create a font directory that contains all the relevant font files as well
+as some index files.  You then need to inform the X server of the existence
+of this new directory by including it in the font path.
+
+2.2.1  Installing bitmap fonts
+
+The X11R6.9 server can use bitmap fonts in both the cross-platform BDF format
+and the somewhat more efficient binary PCF format.  (X11R6.9 also supports
+the obsolete SNF format.)
+
+Bitmap fonts are normally distributed in the BDF format.  Before installing
+such fonts, it is desirable (but not absolutely necessary) to convert the
+font files to the PCF format.  This is done by using the command `bdftopcf',
+e.g.
+
+     $ bdftopcf courier12.bdf
+
+You will then want to compress the resulting PCF font files:
+
+     $ gzip courier12.pcf
+
+After the fonts have been converted, you should copy all the font files that
+you wish to make available into a arbitrary directory, say
+`/usr/local/share/fonts/bitmap/'.  You should then create the index file
+`fonts.dir' by running the command `mkfontdir' (please see the mkfontdir(1)
+manual page for more information):
+
+     $ mkdir /usr/local/share/fonts/bitmap/
+     $ cp *.pcf.gz /usr/local/share/fonts/bitmap/
+     $ mkfontdir /usr/local/share/fonts/bitmap/
+
+All that remains is to tell the X server about the existence of the new font
+directory; see Setting the server font path (section 2.2.4, page 1) below.
+
+2.2.2  Installing scalable fonts
+
+The X11R6.9 server supports scalable fonts in three formats: Type 1, TrueType
+and CIDFont.  This section only applies to the first two; for information on
+CIDFonts, please see Installing CIDFonts (section 2.2.3, page 1) later in
+this document.   Previous versions also included support for the Speedo scal-
+able font format, but that is disabled in the default builds of X11R6.9 and
+not included in X11R7.0 and later releases.
+
+Installing scalable fonts is very similar to installing bitmap fonts: you
+create a directory with the font files, and run `mkfontdir' to create an
+index file called `fonts.dir'.
+
+There is, however, a big difference: `mkfontdir' cannot automatically recog-
+nise scalable font files.  For that reason, you must first index all the font
+files in a file called `fonts.scale'.  While this can be done by hand, it is
+best done by using the `mkfontscale' utility.
+
+     $ mkfontscale /usr/local/share/fonts/Type1/
+     $ mkfontdir /usr/local/share/fonts/Type1/
+
+Under some circumstances, it may be necessary to modify the `fonts.scale'
+file generated by mkfontscale; for more information, please see the mkfont-
+dir(1) and mkfontscale(1) manual pages and Core fonts and internationalisa-
+tion (section 4.1, page 1) later in this document.
+
+2.2.3  Installing CID-keyed fonts
+
+The CID-keyed font format was designed by Adobe Systems for fonts with large
+character sets.  A CID-keyed font, or CIDFont for short, contains a collec-
+tion of glyphs indexed by character ID (CID).
+
+In order to map such glyphs to meaningful indices, Adobe provide a set of
+CMap files.  The PostScript name of a font generated from a CIDFont consists
+of the name of the CIDFont and the name of the CMap separated by two dashes.
+For example, the font generated from the CIDFont `Munhwa-Regular' using the
+CMap `UniKS-UCS2-H' is called
+
+     Munhwa-Regular--UniKS-UCS2-H
+
+The CIDFont code in X11R6.9 requires a very rigid directory structure.  The
+main directory must be called `CID' (its location defaults to
+`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/CID' but it may be located anywhere), and it should
+contain a subdirectory for every CID collection.  Every subdirectory must
+contain subdirectories called CIDFont (containing the actual CIDFont files),
+CMap (containing all the needed CMaps), AFM (containing the font metric
+files) and CFM (initially empty).  For example, in the case of the font
+Munhwa-Regular that uses the CID collection Adobe-Korea1-0, the directory
+structure should be as follows:
+
+     CID/Adobe-Korea1/CIDFont/Munhwa-Regular
+     CID/Adobe-Korea1/CMap/UniKS-UCS2-H
+     CID/Adobe-Korea1/AFM/Munhwa-Regular.afm
+     CID/Adobe-Korea1/CFM/
+     CID/fonts.dir
+     CID/fonts.scale
+
+After creating this directory structure and copying the relevant files, you
+should create a `fonts.scale' file.  This file has the same format as in the
+case of (non-CID) scalable fonts, except that its first column contains
+PostScript font names with the extension `.cid' appended rather than actual
+filenames:
+
+     1
+     Adobe-Korea1/Munhwa-Regular--UniKS-UCS2-H.cid \
+       -adobe-munhwa-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso10646-1
+
+(both names on the same line).  Running `mkfontdir' creates the `fonts.dir'
+file:
+
+     $ cd /usr/local/share/fonts/CID
+     $ mkfontdir
+
+Finally, you should create the font metrics summary files in the directory
+`CFM' by running the command `mkcfm':
+
+     $ mkcfm /usr/local/share/fonts/CID
+
+If no CFM files are available, the server will still be able to use the CID
+fonts but querying them will take a long time.  You should run `mkcfm' again
+whenever a change is made to any of the CID-keyed fonts, or when the CID-
+keyed fonts are copied to a machine with a different architecture.
+
+2.2.4  Setting the server's font path
+
+The list of directories where the server looks for fonts is known as the font
+path.  Informing the server of the existence of a new font directory consists
+of putting it on the font path.
+
+The font path is an ordered list; if a client's request matches multiple
+fonts, the first one in the font path is the one that gets used.  When match-
+ing fonts, the server makes two passes over the font path: during the first
+pass, it searches for an exact match; during the second, it searches for
+fonts suitable for scaling.
+
+For best results, scalable fonts should appear in the font path before the
+bitmap fonts; this way, the server will prefer bitmap fonts to scalable fonts
+when an exact match is possible, but will avoid scaling bitmap fonts when a
+scalable font can be used.  (The `:unscaled' hack, while still supported,
+should no longer be necessary in X11R6.9.)
+
+You may check the font path of the running server by typing the command
+
+     $ xset q
+
+2.2.4.1  Temporary modification of the font path
+
+The `xset' utility may be used to modify the font path for the current ses-
+sion.  The font path is set with the command xset fp; a new element is added
+to the front with xset +fp, and added to the end with xset fp+.  For example,
+
+     $ xset +fp /usr/local/fonts/Type1
+     $ xset fp+ /usr/local/fonts/bitmap
+
+Conversely, an element may be removed from the front of the font path with
+`xset -fp', and removed from the end with `xset fp-'.  You may reset the font
+path to its default value with `xset fp default'.
+
+For more information, please consult the xset(1) manual page.
+
+2.2.4.2  Permanent modification of the font path
+
+The default font path (the one used just after server startup or after `xset
+fp default') is specified in the X server's `xorg.conf' file.  It is computed
+by appending all the directories mentioned in the `FontPath' entries of the
+`Files' section in the order in which they appear.
+
+     FontPath "/usr/local/fonts/Type1"
+     ...
+     FontPath "/usr/local/fonts/bitmap"
+
+For more information, please consult the xorg.conf(5) manual page.
+
+2.2.5  Troubleshooting
+
+If you seem to be unable to use some of the fonts you have installed, the
+first thing to check is that the `fonts.dir' files are correct and that they
+are readable by the server (the X server usually runs as root, beware of NFS-
+mounted font directories).  If this doesn't help, it is quite possible that
+you are trying to use a font in a format that is not supported by your
+server.
+
+X11R6.9 supports the BDF, PCF, SNF, Type 1, TrueType, OpenType and CIDFont
+font formats.  However, not all X11R6.9 servers come with all the font back-
+ends configured in.
+
+On most platforms, the X11R6.9 servers are modular: the font backends are
+included in modules that are loaded at runtime.  The modules to be loaded are
+specified in the `xorg.conf' file using the `Load' directive:
+
+     Load "type1"
+
+If you have trouble installing fonts in a specific format, you may want to
+check the server's log file in order to see whether the relevant modules are
+properly loaded.  The list of font modules distributed with X11R6.9 is as
+follows:
+
+   o  "bitmap": bitmap fonts (`*.bdf', `*.pcf' and `*.snf');
+
+   o  "freetype": TrueType fonts (`*.ttf' and `*.ttc'), OpenType fonts
+     (`*.otf' and `*.otc') and Type 1 fonts (`*.pfa' and `*.pfb');
+
+   o  "type1": alternate Type 1 backend (`*.pfa' and `*.pfb') and CIDFont
+     backend;
+
+   o  "xtt": alternate TrueType backend (`*.ttf' and `*.ttc').
+
+Please note that the argument of the `Load' directive is case-sensitive.
+
+3.  Fonts included with X11R6.9
+
+3.1  Standard bitmap fonts
+
+The Sample Implementation of X11 (SI) comes with a large number of bitmap
+fonts, including the `fixed' family, and bitmap versions of Courier, Times,
+Helvetica and some members of the Lucida family.  In the SI, these fonts are
+provided in the ISO 8859-1 encoding (ISO Latin Western-European).
+
+In X11R6.9, a number of these fonts are provided in Unicode-encoded font
+files instead.  At build time, these fonts are split into font files encoded
+according to legacy encodings, a process which allows us to provide the stan-
+dard fonts in a number of regional encodings with no duplication of work.
+
+For example, the font file
+
+     /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/6x13.bdf
+
+with XLFD
+
+     -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso10646-1
+
+is a Unicode-encoded version of the standard `fixed' font with added support
+for the Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Georgian, Armenian, IPA and other scripts
+plus numerous technical symbols.  It contains over 2800 glyphs, covering all
+characters of ISO 8859 parts 1-5, 7-10, 13-15, as well as all European IBM
+and Microsoft code pages, KOI8, WGL4, and the repertoires of many other char-
+acter sets.
+
+This font is used at build time for generating the font files
+
+     6x13-ISO8859-1.bdf
+     6x13-ISO8859-2.bdf
+     ...
+     6x13-ISO8859-15.bdf
+     6x13-KOI8-R.bdf
+
+with respective XLFDs
+
+     -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-1
+     ...
+     -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15
+     -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-60-koi8-r
+
+The standard short name `fixed' is normally an alias for
+
+     -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-1
+
+3.2  The ClearlyU Unicode font family
+
+The ClearlyU family of fonts provides a set of 12 pt, 100 dpi proportional
+fonts with many of the glyphs needed for Unicode text.  Together, the fonts
+contain approximately 7500 glyphs.
+
+The main ClearlyU font has the XLFD
+
+     -mutt-clearlyu-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-p-101-iso10646-1
+
+and resides in the font file
+
+     /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/cu12.pcf.gz
+
+Additional ClearlyU fonts include
+
+     -mutt-clearlyu alternate glyphs-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-p-91-iso10646-1
+     -mutt-clearlyu pua-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-p-111-iso10646-1
+     -mutt-clearlyu arabic extra-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-p-103-fontspecific-0
+     -mutt-clearlyu ligature-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-p-141-fontspecific-0
+
+The Alternate Glyphs font contains additional glyph shapes that are needed
+for certain languages.  A second alternate glyph font will be provided later
+for cases where a character has more than one commonly used alternate shape
+(e.g. the Urdu heh).
+
+The PUA font contains extra glyphs that are useful for certain rendering pur-
+poses.
+
+The Arabic Extra font contains the glyphs necessary for characters that don't
+have all of their possible shapes encoded in ISO 10646.  The glyphs are
+roughly ordered according to the order of the characters in the ISO 10646
+standard.
+
+The Ligature font contains ligatures for various scripts that may be useful
+for improved presentation of text.
+
+3.3  Standard scalable fonts
+
+X11R6.9 includes all the scalable fonts distributed with X11R6.
+
+3.3.1  Standard Type 1 fonts
+
+The IBM Courier set of fonts cover ISO 8859-1 and ISO 8859-2 as well as Adobe
+Standard Encoding.  These fonts have XLFD
+
+     -adobe-courier-medium-*-*--0-0-0-0-m-0-*-*
+
+and reside in the font files
+
+     /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/cour*.pfa
+
+The Adobe Utopia set of fonts only cover ISO 8859-1 as well as Adobe Standard
+Encoding.  These fonts have XLFD
+
+     -adobe-utopia-*-*-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
+
+and reside in the font files
+
+     /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/UT*.pfa
+
+Finally, X11R6.9 also comes with Type 1 versions of Bitstream Courier and
+Charter.  These fonts have XLFD
+
+     -bitstream-courier-*-*-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1
+     -bitstream-charter-*-*-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
+
+and reside in the font files
+
+     /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/c*bt_.pfb
+
+3.4  The Bigelow & Holmes Luxi family
+
+X11R6.9 includes the Luxi family of scalable fonts, in both TrueType and
+Type 1 format.  This family consists of the fonts Luxi Serif, with XLFD
+
+     -b&h-luxi serif-medium-*-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-*-*
+
+Luxi Sans, with XLFD
+
+     -b&h-luxi sans-medium-*-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-*-*
+
+and Luxi Mono, with XLFD
+
+     -b&h-luxi mono-medium-*-normal--*-*-*-*-m-*-*-*
+
+Each of these fonts comes Roman, oblique, bold and bold oblique variants The
+TrueType version have glyphs covering the basic ASCII Unicode range, the
+Latin 1 range, as well as the Extended Latin range and some additional punc-
+tuation characters.  In particular, these fonts include all the glyphs needed
+for ISO 8859 parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 13 and 15, as well as all the glyphs in the
+Adobe Standard encoding and the Windows 3.1 character set.
+
+The glyph coverage of the Type 1 versions is somewhat reduced, and only cov-
+ers ISO 8859 parts 1, 2 and 15 as well as the Adobe Standard encoding.
+
+The Luxi fonts are original designs by Kris Holmes and Charles Bigelow.  Luxi
+fonts include seriffed, sans serif, and monospaced styles, in roman and
+oblique, and normal and bold weights. The fonts share stem weight, x-height,
+capital height, ascent and descent, for graphical harmony.
+
+The character width metrics of Luxi roman and bold fonts match those of core
+fonts bundled with popular operating and window systems.
+
+The license terms for the Luxi fonts are included in the file `COPYRIGHT.BH',
+as well as in the License document.
+
+Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes from Bigelow and Holmes Inc.  developed the
+Luxi typeface designs in Ikarus digital format.
+
+URW++ Design and Development GmbH converted the Ikarus format fonts to True-
+Type and Type1 font programs and implemented the grid-fitting "hints" and
+kerning tables in the Luxi fonts.
+
+For more information, please contact <design@bigelowandholmes.com> or
+<info@urwpp.de>, or consult the URW++ web site <URL:http://www.urwpp.de>.
+
+An earlier version of the Luxi fonts was made available under the name
+Lucidux.  This name should no longer be used due to trademark uncertainties,
+and all traces of the Lucidux name have been removed from X11R6.9.
+
+4.  More about core fonts
+
+This section describes X11R6.9-specific enhancements to the core X11 fonts
+system.
+
+4.1  Core fonts and internationalisation
+
+The scalable font backends (Type 1 and TrueType) can automatically re-encode
+fonts to the encoding specified in the XLFD in `fonts.dir'.  For example, a
+`fonts.dir' file can contain entries for the Type 1 Courier font such as
+
+     cour.pfa -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1
+     cour.pfa -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-2
+
+which will lead to the font being recoded to ISO 8859-1 and ISO 8859-2
+respectively.
+
+4.1.1  The fontenc layer
+
+Two of the scalable backends (Type 1 and the FreeType TrueType backend) use a
+common fontenc layer for font re-encoding.  This allows these backends to
+share their encoding data, and allows simple configuration of new locales
+independently of font type.
+
+Please note: the X-TrueType (X-TT) backend is not included in X11R6.9.  That
+functionality has been merged into the FreeType backend.>
+
+In the fontenc layer, an encoding is defined by a name (such as iso8859-1),
+possibly a number of aliases (alternate names), and an ordered collection of
+mappings.  A mapping defines the way the encoding can be mapped into one of
+the target encodings known to fontenc; currently, these consist of Unicode,
+Adobe glyph names, and arbitrary TrueType ``cmap''s.
+
+A number of encodings are hardwired into fontenc, and are therefore always
+available; the hardcoded encodings cannot easily be redefined.  These
+include:
+
+   o  iso10646-1: Unicode;
+
+   o  iso8859-1: ISO Latin-1 (Western Europe);
+
+   o  iso8859-2: ISO Latin-2 (Eastern Europe);
+
+   o  iso8859-3: ISO Latin-3 (Southern Europe);
+
+   o  iso8859-4: ISO Latin-4 (Northern Europe);
+
+   o  iso8859-5: ISO Cyrillic;
+
+   o  iso8859-6: ISO Arabic;
+
+   o  iso8859-7: ISO Greek;
+
+   o  iso8859-8: ISO Hebrew;
+
+   o  iso8859-9: ISO Latin-5 (Turkish);
+
+   o  iso8859-10: ISO Latin-6 (Nordic);
+
+   o  iso8859-15: ISO Latin-9, or Latin-0 (Revised Western-European);
+
+   o  koi8-r: KOI8 Russian;
+
+   o  koi8-u: KOI8 Ukrainian (see RFC 2319);
+
+   o  koi8-ru: KOI8 Russian/Ukrainian;
+
+   o  koi8-uni: KOI8 ``Unified'' (Russian, Ukrainian, and Byelorussian);
+
+   o  koi8-e: KOI8 ``European,'' ISO-IR-111, or ECMA-Cyrillic;
+
+   o  microsoft-symbol and apple-roman: these are only likely to be useful
+     with TrueType symbol fonts.
+
+Additional encodings can be added by defining encoding files.  When a font
+encoding is requested that the fontenc layer doesn't know about, the backend
+checks the directory in which the font file resides (not necessarily the
+directory with fonts.dir!) for a file named `encodings.dir'.  If found, this
+file is scanned for the requested encoding, and the relevant encoding defini-
+tion file is read in.  The `mkfontdir' utility, when invoked with the `-e'
+option followed by the name of a directory containing encoding files, can be
+used to automatically build `encodings.dir' files.  Please see the mkfont-
+dir(1) manual page for more details.
+
+A number of encoding files for common encodings are included with X11R6.9.
+Information on writing new encoding files can be found in Format of encodings
+directory files (section 4.1.3, page 1) and Format of encoding files (section
+4.1.4, page 1) later in this document.
+
+4.1.2  Backend-specific notes about fontenc
+
+4.1.2.1  The FreeType backend
+
+For TrueType and OpenType fonts, the FreeType backend scans the mappings in
+order.  Mappings with a target of PostScript are ignored; mappings with a
+TrueType or Unicode target are checked against all the cmaps in the file.
+The first applicable mapping is used.
+
+For Type 1 fonts, the FreeType backend first searches for a mapping with a
+target of PostScript.  If one is found, it is used.  Otherwise, the backend
+searches for a mapping with target Unicode, which is then composed with a
+built-in table mapping codes to glyph names.  Note that this table only cov-
+ers part of the Unicode code points that have been assigned names by Adobe.
+
+Specifying an encoding value of adobe-fontspecific for a Type 1 font disables
+the encoding mechanism.  This is useful with symbol and incorrectly encoded
+fonts (see Incorrectly encoded fonts (section 4.1.6, page 1) below).
+
+If a suitable mapping is not found, the FreeType backend defaults to
+ISO 8859-1.
+
+4.1.2.2  Type 1
+
+The Type 1 backend behaves similarly to the FreeType backend with Type 1
+fonts, except that it limits all encodings to 8-bit codes.
+
+4.1.3  Format of encoding directory files
+
+In order to use a font in an encoding that the font backend does not know
+about, you need to have an `encodings.dir' file either in the same directory
+as the font file used or in a system-wide location
+(`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/encodings/' by default).
+
+The `encodings.dir' file has a similar format to `fonts.dir'.  Its first line
+specifies the number of encodings, while every successive line has two
+columns, the name of the encoding, and the name of the encoding file; this
+can be relative to the current directory, or absolute.  Every encoding name
+should agree with the encoding name defined in the encoding file.  For exam-
+ple,
+
+     3
+     mulearabic-0 /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/encodings/mulearabic-0.enc
+     mulearabic-1 /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/encodings/mulearabic-1.enc
+     mulearabic-2 /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/encodings/mulearabic-2.enc
+
+The name of an encoding must be specified in the encoding file's `STARTENCOD-
+ING' or `ALIAS' line.  It is not enough to create an `encodings.dir' entry.
+
+If your platform supports it (it probably does), encoding files may be com-
+pressed or gzipped.
+
+The `encoding.dir' files are best maintained by the `mkfontdir' utility.
+Please see the mkfontdir(1) manual page for more information.
+
+4.1.4  Format of encoding files
+
+The encoding files are ``free form,'' i.e. any string of whitespace is equiv-
+alent to a single space.  Keywords are parsed in a non-case-sensitive manner,
+meaning that `size', `SIZE', and `SiZE' all parse as the same keyword; on the
+other hand, case is significant in glyph names.
+
+Numbers can be written in decimal, as in `256', in hexadecimal, as in
+`0x100', or in octal, as in `0400'.
+
+Comments are introduced by a hash sign `#'.  A `#' may appear at any point in
+a line, and all characters following the `#' are ignored, up to the end of
+the line.
+
+The encoding file starts with the definition of the name of the encoding, and
+possibly its alternate names (aliases):
+
+     STARTENCODING mulearabic-0
+     ALIAS arabic-0
+
+The name of the encoding and its aliases should be suitable for use in an
+XLFD font name, and therefore contain exactly one dash `-'.
+
+The encoding file may then optionally declare the size of the encoding.  For
+a linear encoding (such as ISO 8859-1), the SIZE line specifies the maximum
+code plus one:
+
+     SIZE 0x2B
+
+For a matrix encoding, it should specify two numbers.  The first is the num-
+ber of the last row plus one, the other, the highest column number plus one.
+In the case of `jisx0208.1990-0' (JIS X 0208(1990), double-byte encoding,
+high bit clear), it should be
+
+     SIZE 0x75 0x80
+
+In the case of a matrix encoding, a `FIRSTINDEX' line may be included to
+specify the minimum glyph index in an encoding.  The keyword `FIRSTINDEX' is
+followed by two integers, the minimum row number followed by the minimum col-
+umn number:
+
+     FIRSTINDEX 0x20 0x20
+
+In the case of a linear encoding, a `FIRSTINDEX' line is not very useful.  If
+for some reason however you chose to include on, it should be followed by a
+single integer.
+
+Note that in most font backends inclusion of a `FIRSTINDEX' line has the side
+effect of disabling default glyph generation, and this keyword should there-
+fore be avoided unless absolutely necessary.
+
+Codes outside the region defined by the `SIZE' and `FIRSTINDEX' lines are
+understood to be undefined.  Encodings default to linear encoding with a size
+of 256 (0x100).  This means that you must declare the size of all 16 bit
+encodings.
+
+What follows is one or more mapping sections.  A mapping section starts with
+a `STARTMAPPING' line stating the target of the mapping.  The target may be
+one of:
+
+   o Unicode (ISO 10646):
+
+          STARTMAPPING unicode
+
+   o a given TrueType ``cmap'':
+
+          STARTMAPPING cmap 3 1
+
+   o PostScript glyph names:
+
+          STARTMAPPING postscript
+
+Every line in a mapping section maps one from the encoding being defined to
+the target of the mapping.  In mappings with a Unicode or TrueType mapping,
+codes are mapped to codes:
+
+     0x21 0x0660
+     0x22 0x0661
+     ...
+
+As an abbreviation, it is possible to map a contiguous range of codes in a
+single line.  A line consisting of three integers
+
+     <it/start/ <it/end/ <it/target/
+
+is an abbreviation for the range of lines
+
+     start     target
+
+     start+1   target+1
+
+     ...
+
+     end       target+end-start
+
+For example, the line
+
+     0x2121 0x215F 0x8140
+
+is an abbreviation for
+
+     0x2121 0x8140
+     0x2122 0x8141
+     ...
+     0x215F 0x817E
+
+Codes not listed are assumed to map through the identity (i.e. to the same
+numerical value).  In order to override this default mapping, you may specify
+a range of codes to be undefined by using an `UNDEFINE' line:
+
+     UNDEFINE 0x00 0x2A
+
+or, for a single code,
+
+     UNDEFINE 0x1234
+
+PostScript mappings are different.  Every line in a PostScript mapping maps a
+code to a glyph name
+
+     0x41 A
+     0x42 B
+     ...
+
+and codes not explicitly listed are undefined.
+
+A mapping section ends with an ENDMAPPING line
+
+     ENDMAPPING
+
+After all the mappings have been defined, the file ends with an ENDENCODING
+line
+
+     ENDENCODING
+
+In order to make future extensions to the format possible, lines starting
+with an unknown keyword are silently ignored, as are mapping sections with an
+unknown target.
+
+4.1.5  Using symbol fonts
+
+Type 1 symbol fonts should be installed using the adobe-fontspecific encod-
+ing.
+
+In an ideal world, all TrueType symbol fonts would be installed using one of
+the microsoft-symbol and apple-roman encodings. A number of symbol fonts,
+however, are not marked as such; such fonts should be installed using
+microsoft-cp1252, or, for older fonts, microsoft-win3.1.
+
+In order to guarantee consistent results (especially between Type 1 and True-
+Type versions of the same font), it is possible to define a special encoding
+for a given font. This has already been done for the ZapfDingbats font; see
+the file `encodings/adobe-dingbats.enc'.
+
+4.1.6  Hints about using badly encoded fonts
+
+A number of text fonts are incorrectly encoded. Incorrect encoding is some-
+times done by design, in order to make a font for an exotic script appear
+like an ordinary Western text font on systems which are not easily extended
+with new locale data.  It is often the result of the font designer's laziness
+or incompetence; for some reason, most people seem to find it easier to
+invent idiosyncratic glyph names rather than follow the Adobe glyph list.
+
+There are two ways of dealing with such fonts: using them with the encoding
+they were designed for, and creating an ad hoc encoding file.
+
+4.1.6.1  Using fonts with the designer's encoding
+
+In the case of Type 1 fonts, the font designer can specify a default encod-
+ing; this encoding is requested by using the `adobe-fontspecific' encoding in
+the XLFD name. Sometimes, the font designer omitted to specify a reasonable
+default encoding, in which case you should experiment with `adobe-standard',
+`iso8859-1', `microsoft-cp1252', and `microsoft-win3.1'. (The encoding
+`microsoft-symbol' doesn't make sense for Type 1 fonts).
+
+TrueType fonts do not have a default encoding.  However, most TrueType fonts
+are designed with either Microsoft or Apple platforms in mind, so one of
+`microsoft-symbol', `microsoft-cp1252', `microsoft-win3.1', or `apple-roman'
+should yield reasonable results.
+
+4.1.6.2  Specifying an ad hoc encoding file
+
+It is always possible to define an encoding file to put the glyphs in a font
+in any desired order. Again, see the `encodings/adobe-dingbats.enc' file to
+see how this is done.
+
+4.1.6.3  Specifying font aliases
+
+By following the directions above, you will find yourself with a number of
+fonts with unusual names --- with encodings such as `adobe-fontspecific',
+`microsoft-win3.1' etc.  In order to use these fonts with standard applica-
+tions, it may be useful to remap them to their proper names.
+
+This is done by writing a `fonts.alias' file. The format of this file is very
+simple: it consists of a series of lines each mapping an alias name to a font
+name.  A `fonts.alias' file might look as follows:
+
+     "-ogonki-alamakota-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-2" \
+       "-ogonki-alamakota-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-adobe-fontspecific"
+
+(both XLFD names on a single line).  The syntax of the `fonts.alias' file is
+more precisely described in the mkfontdir(1) manual page.
+
+4.2  Additional notes about scalable core fonts
+
+The FreeType (libfreetype-xtt2) backend (module `freetype', formerly known as
+xfsft) is able to deal with both TrueType and Type 1 fonts.  This puts it in
+conflict with the X-TT and Type 1 backends respectively.
+
+If both the FreeType and the Type 1 backends are loaded, the FreeType backend
+will be used for Type 1 fonts.  If both the FreeType and X-TT backends are
+loaded, X-TT will be used for TrueType fonts.
+
+4.2.1  About the FreeType backend
+
+The FreeType (libfreetype-xtt2) backend (formerly xfsft) is a backend based
+on version 2 of the FreeType library (see the FreeType web site
+<URL:http://www.freetype.org/>) and has the X-TT functionalities for CJKV
+support provided by the After X-TT Project (see the After X-TT Project web
+site <URL:http://x-tt.sourceforge.jp/>).  The FreeType module has support for
+the ``fontenc'' style of internationalisation (see The fontenc layer (section
+4.1.1, page 1)).  This backend supports TrueType font files (`*.ttf'), Open-
+Type font files (`*.otf'), TrueType Collections (`*.ttc'), OpenType Collec-
+tions (`*.otc') and Type 1 font files (`*.pfa' and `*.pfb').
+
+In order to access the faces in a TrueType Collection file, the face number
+must be specified in the fonts.dir file before the filename, within a pair of
+colons, or by setting the 'fn' TTCap option.  For example,
+
+     :1:mincho.ttc -misc-pmincho-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-jisx0208.1990-0
+
+refers to face 1 in the `mincho.ttc' TrueType Collection file.
+
+The new FreeType backend supports the extended `fonts.dir' syntax introduced
+by X-TrueType with a number of options, collectively known as `TTCap'.  A
+`TTCap' entry follows the general syntax
+
+     option=value:
+
+and should be specified before the filename.  The new FreeType almost per-
+fectly supports TTCap options that are compatible with X-TT 1.4.  The Auto-
+matic Italic (`ai'), Double Strike (`ds') and Bounding box Width (`bw')
+options are indispensable in CJKV.  For example,
+
+     mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0208.1990-0
+     ds=y:mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0208.1990-0
+     ai=0.2:mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0208.1990-0
+     ds=y:ai=0.2:mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0208.1990-0
+     bw=0.5:mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0201.1976-0
+     bw=0.5:ds=y:mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0201.1976-0
+     bw=0.5:ai=0.2:mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0201.1976-0
+     bw=0.5:ds=y:ai=0.2:mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0201.1976-0
+
+setup the complete combination of jisx0208 and jisx0201 using mincho.ttc
+only.  More information on the TTCap syntax is found on the After X-TT Pro-
+ject page <URL:http://x-tt.sourceforge.jp/>.
+
+The FreeType backend uses the fontenc layer in order to support recoding of
+fonts; this was described in The fontenc layer (section 4.1.1, page 1) and
+especially FreeType-specific notes about fontenc (section 4.1.2.1, page 1)
+earlier in this document.
+
+4.2.2  About the X-TrueType TrueType backend
+
+The `X-TrueType' backend is a backend based on version 1 of the FreeType
+library.  X-TrueType doesn't use the `fontenc' layer for managing font encod-
+ings, but instead uses its own database of encodings.
+
+Since the functionalities for CJKV support introduced by X-TT have been
+merged into the new FreeType backend, the X-TT backend will be removed from
+X11R6.9's tree near the future.  Therefore, the use of FreeType backend is
+preferred over the X-TT backend.
+
+General information on X-TrueType may be found at the After X-TT Project page
+<URL:http://x-tt.sourceforge.jp/>.
+
+4.2.3  Delayed glyph rasterisation
+
+When loading a proportional fonts which contain a huge number of glyphs, the
+old FreeType delayed glyph rasterisation until the time at which the glyph
+was first used.   The new FreeType (libfreetype-xtt2) has an improved `very
+lazy' metric calculation method to speed up the process when loading TrueType
+or OpenType fonts.   Although the X-TT module also has this method, the
+"vl=y" TTCap option must be set if you want to use it.  This is the default
+method for FreeType when it loads multi-byte fonts.   Even if you use a uni-
+code font which has tens of thousands of glyphs, this delay will not be wor-
+risome as long as you use the new FreeType backend -- its `very lazy' method
+is super-fast.
+
+The maximum error of bitmap position using `very lazy' method is 1 pixel, and
+is the same as that of a character-cell spacing.  When the X-TT backend is
+used with the `vl=y' option, a chipped bitmap is displayed with certain
+fonts.  However, the new FreeType backend has minimal problem with this,
+since it corrects left- and right-side bearings using `italicAngle' in the
+TrueType/OpenType post table, and does automatic correction of bitmap posi-
+tions when rasterisation so that chipped bitmaps are not displayed.  Never-
+theless if you don't want to use the `very lazy' method when using multi-
+bytes fonts, set `vl=n' in the TTCap option to disable it:
+
+     vl=n:luxirr.ttf -b&h-Luxi Serif-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso10646-1
+
+Of course, both backends also support an optimisation for character-cell
+fonts (fonts with all glyph metrics equal, or terminal fonts).  A font with
+an XLFD specifying a character-cell spacing `c', as in
+
+     -misc-mincho-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0208.1990-0
+
+or
+
+     fs=c:mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-jisx0208.1990-0
+
+will not compute the metric for each glyph, but instead trust the font to be
+a character-cell font.  You are encouraged to make use of this optimisation
+when useful, but be warned that not all monospaced fonts are character-cell
+fonts.
+
+5.  Appendix: background and terminology
+
+5.1  Characters and glyphs
+
+A computer text-processing system inputs keystrokes and outputs glyphs, small
+pictures that are assembled on paper or on a computer screen.  Keystrokes and
+glyphs do not, in general, coincide: for example, if the system does generate
+ligatures, then to the sequence of two keystrokes <f><i> will typically cor-
+respond a single glyph.  Similarly, if the system shapes Arabic glyphs in a
+vaguely reasonable manner, then multiple different glyphs may correspond to a
+single keystroke.
+
+The complex transformation rules from keystrokes to glyphs are usually fac-
+tored into two simpler transformations, from keystrokes to characters and
+from characters to glyphs.  You may want to think of characters as the basic
+unit of text that is stored e.g. in the buffer of your text editor.  While
+the definition of a character is intrinsically application-specific, a number
+of standardised collections of characters have been defined.
+
+A coded character set is a set of characters together with a mapping from
+integer codes --- known as codepoints --- to characters.  Examples of coded
+character sets include US-ASCII, ISO 8859-1, KOI8-R, and JIS X 0208(1990).
+
+A coded character set need not use 8 bit integers to index characters.  Many
+early systems used 6 bit character sets, while 16 bit (or more) character
+sets are necessary for ideographic writing systems.
+
+5.2  Font files, fonts, and XLFD
+
+Traditionally, typographers speak about typefaces and founts.  A typeface is
+a particular style or design, such as Times Italic, while a fount is a
+molten-lead incarnation of a given typeface at a given size.
+
+Digital fonts come in font files.  A font file contains the information nec-
+essary for generating glyphs of a given typeface, and applications using font
+files may access glyph information in an arbitrary order.
+
+Digital fonts may consist of bitmap data, in which case they are said to be
+bitmap fonts.  They may also consist of a mathematical description of glyph
+shapes, in which case they are said to be scalable fonts.  Common formats for
+scalable font files are Type 1 (sometimes incorrectly called ATM fonts or
+PostScript fonts), TrueType and OpenType.
+
+The glyph data in a digital font needs to be indexed somehow.  How this is
+done depends on the font file format.  In the case of Type 1 fonts, glyphs
+are identified by glyph names.  In the case of TrueType fonts, glyphs are
+indexed by integers corresponding to one of a number of indexing schemes
+(usually Unicode --- see below).
+
+The X11 core fonts system uses the data in a font file to generate font
+instances, which are collections of glyphs at a given size indexed according
+to a given encoding.
+
+X11 core font instances are usually specified using a notation known as the X
+Logical Font Description (XLFD).  An XLFD starts with a dash `-', and con-
+sists of fourteen fields separated by dashes, for example:
+
+     -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-m-70-iso8859-1
+
+Or particular interest are the last two fields `iso8859-1', which specify the
+font instance's encoding.
+
+A scalable font is specified by an XLFD which contains zeroes instead of some
+fields:
+
+     -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1
+
+X11 font instances may also be specified by short name.  Unlike an XLFD, a
+short name has no structure and is simply a conventional name for a font
+instance.  Two short names are of particular interest, as the server will not
+start if font instances with these names cannot be opened.  These are
+`fixed', which specifies the fallback font to use when the requested font
+cannot be opened, and `cursor', which specifies the set of glyphs to be used
+by the mouse pointer.
+
+Short names are usually implemented as aliases to XLFDs; the standard `fixed'
+and `cursor' aliases are defined in
+
+     /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/font/misc/fonts.alias
+
+5.3  Unicode
+
+Unicode (urlnam <URL:http://www.unicode.org>) is a coded character set with
+the goal of uniquely identifying all characters for all scripts, current and
+historical.  While Unicode was explicitly not designed as a glyph encoding
+scheme, it is often possible to use it as such.
+
+Unicode is an open character set, meaning that codepoint assignments may be
+added to Unicode at any time (once specified, though, an assignment can never
+be changed).  For this reason, a Unicode font will be sparse, meaning that it
+only defines glyphs for a subset of the character registry of Unicode.
+
+The Unicode standard is defined in parallel with the international standard
+ISO 10646.  Assignments in the two standards are always equivalent, and we
+often use the terms Unicode and ISO 10646 interchangeably.
+
+When used in the X11 core fonts system, Unicode-encoded fonts should have the
+last two fields of their XLFD set to `iso10646-1'.
+
+6.  References
+
+X11R6.9 comes with extensive documentation in the form of manual pages and
+typeset documents.  Before installing fonts, you really should read the font-
+config(3) and mkfontdir(1) manual pages; other manual pages of interest
+include X(7), Xserver(1), xset(1), Xft(3), xlsfonts(1) and showfont(1).  In
+addition, you may want to read the X Logical Font Description document, by
+Jim Flowers, which is provided in the file `xc/doc/xlfd.PS.Z'.
+
+The latest released version of the X11R6.9 documentation (including this doc-
+ument and all manual pages) can be found from current X11R6.9 documentation
+<URL:http://wiki.x.org/>.
+
+The comp.fonts FAQ <URL:http://www.netmeg.net/faq/computers/fonts/>, which is
+unfortunately no longer being maintained, contains a wealth of information
+about digital fonts.
+
+Xft and Fontconfig are described on Keith Packard's Fontconfig site
+<URL:http://www.fontconfig.org>.
+
+The xfsft home page <URL:http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/programs/xfsft/>
+has been superseded by this document, and is now obsolete; you may however
+still find some of the information that it contains useful.  Joerg Pommnitz'
+xfsft page <URL:http://www.joerg-pommnitz.de/TrueType/xfsft.html> is the
+canonical source for the `ttmkfdir' utility, which is the ancestor of
+mkfontscale.
+
+The author's software pages <URL:http://www.pps.jussieu.fr/~jch/software/>
+might or might not contain related scribbles and development versions of
+software.
+
+The documentation of X-TrueType is available from the After X-TT Project page
+<URL:http://x-tt.sourceforge.jp/>.
+
+A number of East-Asian CIDFonts are available from O'Reilly's FTP site
+<URL:ftp://ftp.oreilly.com/pub/examples/nutshell/cjkv/adobe/>.
+
+While the Unicode consortium site <URL:http://www.unicode.org> may be of
+interest,  you are more likely to find what you need in Markus Kuhn's UTF-8
+and Unicode FAQ <URL:http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html>.
+
+The IANA RFC documents, available from a number of sites throughout the
+world, often provide interesting information about character set issues; see
+for example RFC 373.
+
+
+$XdotOrg$