Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/released'

Conflicts:
	mesalib/src/mesa/main/mtypes.h
	mesalib/src/mesa/main/state.c
	mesalib/src/mesa/state_tracker/st_atom_pixeltransfer.c
	mesalib/src/mesa/state_tracker/st_cb_drawpixels.c
	mesalib/src/mesa/state_tracker/st_format.c
	mesalib/src/mesa/state_tracker/st_format.h
	pixman/pixman/pixman-arm-common.h
	pixman/pixman/pixman-arm-neon.c
	pixman/pixman/pixman-fast-path.c
	pixman/pixman/pixman-fast-path.h
	pixman/pixman/pixman.h
	xorg-server/configure.ac
	xorg-server/hw/xwin/man/XWin.man
	xorg-server/manpages.am

1 files changed, 586 insertions, 584 deletions

diff --git a/xorg-server/man/Xserver.man b/xorg-server/man/Xserver.man
index d3a16e2b7..f74391212 100644
--- a/xorg-server/man/Xserver.man
+++ b/xorg-server/man/Xserver.man
@@ -1,584 +1,586 @@
-.\" $Xorg: Xserver.man,v 1.4 2001/02/09 02:04:07 xorgcvs Exp $

-.\" $XdotOrg: xserver/xorg/doc/Xserver.man.pre,v 1.4 2005/12/23 20:11:12 alanc Exp $

-.\" Copyright 1984 - 1991, 1993, 1994, 1998  The Open Group

-.\"

-.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its

-.\" documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that

-.\" the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that

-.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting

-.\" documentation.

-.\"

-.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included

-.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

-.\"

-.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS

-.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF

-.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.

-.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OPEN GROUP BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR

-.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,

-.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR

-.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

-.\"

-.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of The Open Group shall

-.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or

-.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization

-.\" from The Open Group.

-.\" $XFree86: xc/programs/Xserver/Xserver.man,v 3.31 2004/01/10 22:27:46 dawes Exp $

-.\" shorthand for double quote that works everywhere.

-.ds q \N'34'

-.TH XSERVER 1 __xorgversion__

-.SH NAME

-Xserver \- X Window System display server

-.SH SYNOPSIS

-.B X

-[option ...]

-.SH DESCRIPTION

-.I X

-is the generic name for the X Window System display server.  It is

-frequently a link or a copy of the appropriate server binary for

-driving the most frequently used server on a given machine.

-.SH "STARTING THE SERVER"

-The X server is usually started from the X Display Manager program

-\fIxdm\fP(1) or a similar display manager program.

-This utility is run from the system boot files and takes care of keeping

-the server running, prompting for usernames and passwords, and starting up

-the user sessions.

-.PP

-Installations that run more than one window system may need to use the

-\fIxinit\fP(1) utility instead of a display manager.  However, \fIxinit\fP is

-to be considered a tool for building startup scripts and is not

-intended for use by end users.  Site administrators are \fBstrongly\fP

-urged to use a display manager, or build other interfaces for novice users.

-.PP

-The X server may also be started directly by the user, though this

-method is usually reserved for testing and is not recommended for

-normal operation.  On some platforms, the user must have special

-permission to start the X server, often because access to certain

-devices (e.g. \fI/dev/mouse\fP) is restricted.

-.PP

-When the X server starts up, it typically takes over the display.  If

-you are running on a workstation whose console is the display, you may

-not be able to log into the console while the server is running.

-.SH OPTIONS

-Many X servers have device-specific command line options.  See the manual

-pages for the individual servers for more details; a list of

-server-specific manual pages is provided in the SEE ALSO section below.

-.PP

-All of the X servers accept the command line options described below.

-Some X servers may have alternative ways of providing the parameters

-described here, but the values provided via the command line options

-should override values specified via other mechanisms.

-.TP 8

-.B :\fIdisplaynumber\fP

-The X server runs as the given \fIdisplaynumber\fP, which by default is 0.

-If multiple X servers are to run simultaneously on a host, each must have

-a unique display number.  See the DISPLAY

-NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to

-specify which display number clients should try to use.

-.TP 8

-.B \-a \fInumber\fP

-sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how much is reported to how much

-the user actually moved the pointer).

-.TP 8

-.B \-ac

-disables host-based access control mechanisms.  Enables access by any host,

-and permits any host to modify the access control list.

-Use with extreme caution.

-This option exists primarily for running test suites remotely.

-.TP 8

-.B \-audit \fIlevel\fP

-sets the audit trail level.  The default level is 1, meaning only connection

-rejections are reported.  Level 2 additionally reports all successful

-connections and disconnects.  Level 4 enables messages from the

-SECURITY extension, if present, including generation and revocation of

-authorizations and violations of the security policy.

-Level 0 turns off the audit trail.

-Audit lines are sent as standard error output.

-.TP 8

-.B \-auth \fIauthorization-file\fP

-specifies a file which contains a collection of authorization records used

-to authenticate access.  See also the \fIxdm\fP(1) and

-\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual pages.

-.TP 8

-.B \-br

-sets the default root window to solid black instead of the standard root weave

-pattern.   This is the default unless -retro or -wr is specified.

-.TP 8

-.B \-bs

-disables backing store support on all screens.

-.TP 8

-.B \-c

-turns off key-click.

-.TP 8

-.B c \fIvolume\fP

-sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100).

-.TP 8

-.B \-cc \fIclass\fP

-sets the visual class for the root window of color screens.

-The class numbers are as specified in the X protocol.

-Not obeyed by all servers.

-.TP 8

-.B \-core

-causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal errors.

-.TP 8

-.B \-deferglyphs \fIwhichfonts\fP

-specifies the types of fonts for which the server should attempt to use

-deferred glyph loading.  \fIwhichfonts\fP can be all (all fonts),

-none (no fonts), or 16 (16 bit fonts only).

-.TP 8

-.B \-dpi \fIresolution\fP

-sets the resolution for all screens, in dots per inch.

-To be used when the server cannot determine the screen size(s) from the

-hardware.

-.TP 8

-.B dpms

-enables DPMS (display power management services), where supported.  The

-default state is platform and configuration specific.

-.TP 8

-.B \-dpms

-disables DPMS (display power management services).  The default state

-is platform and configuration specific.

-.TP 8

-.BI \-extension extensionName

-disables named extension.   If an unknown extension name is specified,

-a list of accepted extension names is printed.

-.TP 8

-.BI \+extension extensionName

-enables named extension.   If an unknown extension name is specified,

-a list of accepted extension names is printed.

-.TP 8

-.B \-f \fIvolume\fP

-sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100).

-.TP 8

-.B \-fc \fIcursorFont\fP

-sets default cursor font.

-.TP 8

-.B \-fn \fIfont\fP

-sets the default font.

-.TP 8

-.B \-fp \fIfontPath\fP

-sets the search path for fonts.  This path is a comma separated list

-of directories which the X server searches for font databases.

-See the FONTS section of this manual page for more information and the default

-list.

-.TP 8

-.B \-help

-prints a usage message.

-.TP 8

-.B \-I

-causes all remaining command line arguments to be ignored.

-.TP 8

-.B \-maxbigreqsize \fIsize\fP

-sets the maximum big request to

-.I size

-MB.

-.TP 8

-.B \-nocursor

-disable the display of the pointer cursor.

-.TP 8

-.B \-nolisten \fItrans-type\fP

-disables a transport type.  For example, TCP/IP connections can be disabled

-with

-.BR "\-nolisten tcp" .

-This option may be issued multiple times to disable listening to different

-transport types.

-.TP 8

-.B \-noreset

-prevents a server reset when the last client connection is closed.  This

-overrides a previous

-.B \-terminate

-command line option.

-.TP 8

-.B \-p \fIminutes\fP

-sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes.

-.TP 8

-.B \-pn

-permits the server to continue running if it fails to establish all of

-its well-known sockets (connection points for clients), but

-establishes at least one.  This option is set by default.

-.TP 8

-.B \-nopn

-causes the server to exit if it fails to establish all of its well-known

-sockets (connection points for clients).

-.TP 8

-.B \-r

-turns off auto-repeat.

-.TP 8

-.B r

-turns on auto-repeat.

-.TP 8

-.B -retro

-starts the stipple with the classic stipple and cursor visible.  The default

-is to start with a black root window, and to suppress display of the cursor

-until the first time an application calls XDefineCursor().  For the Xorg

-server, this also sets the default for the DontZap option to FALSE.  For

-kdrive servers, this implies -zap.

-.TP 8

-.B \-s \fIminutes\fP

-sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes.

-.TP 8

-.B \-su

-disables save under support on all screens.

-.TP 8

-.B \-t \fInumber\fP

-sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e. after how many pixels

-pointer acceleration should take effect).

-.TP 8

-.B \-terminate

-causes the server to terminate at server reset, instead of continuing to run.

-This overrides a previous

-.B \-noreset

-command line option.

-.TP 8

-.B \-to \fIseconds\fP

-sets default connection timeout in seconds.

-.TP 8

-.B \-tst

-disables all testing extensions (e.g., XTEST, XTrap, XTestExtension1, RECORD).

-.TP 8

-.B tty\fIxx\fP

-ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from init).

-.TP 8

-.B v

-sets video-off screen-saver preference.

-.TP 8

-.B \-v

-sets video-on screen-saver preference.

-.TP 8

-.B \-wm

-forces the default backing-store of all windows to be WhenMapped.  This

-is a backdoor way of getting backing-store to apply to all windows.

-Although all mapped windows will have backing store, the backing store

-attribute value reported by the server for a window will be the last

-value established by a client.  If it has never been set by a client,

-the server will report the default value, NotUseful.  This behavior is

-required by the X protocol, which allows the server to exceed the

-client's backing store expectations but does not provide a way to tell

-the client that it is doing so.

-.TP 8

-.B \-wr

-sets the default root window to solid white instead of the standard root weave

-pattern.

-.TP 8

-.B \-x \fIextension\fP

-loads the specified extension at init.

-This is a no-op for most implementations.

-.TP 8

-.B [+-]xinerama

-enables(+) or disables(-) the XINERAMA extension.  The default state is

-platform and configuration specific.

-.SH SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS

-Some X servers accept the following options:

-.TP 8

-.B \-ld \fIkilobytes\fP

-sets the data space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes.

-A value of zero makes the data size as large as possible.  The default value

-of \-1 leaves the data space limit unchanged.

-.TP 8

-.B \-lf \fIfiles\fP

-sets the number-of-open-files limit of the server to the specified number.

-A value of zero makes the limit as large as possible.  The default value

-of \-1 leaves the limit unchanged.

-.TP 8

-.B \-ls \fIkilobytes\fP

-sets the stack space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes.

-A value of zero makes the stack size as large as possible.  The default value

-of \-1 leaves the stack space limit unchanged.

-.TP 8

-.B \-render

-.BR default | mono | gray | color

-sets the color allocation policy that will be used by the render extension.

-.RS 8

-.TP 8

-.I default

-selects the default policy defined for the display depth of the X

-server.

-.TP 8

-.I mono

-don't use any color cell.

-.TP 8

-.I gray

-use a gray map of 13 color cells for the X render extension.

-.TP 8

-.I color

-use a color cube of at most 4*4*4 colors (that is 64 color cells).

-.RE

-.TP 8

-.B \-dumbSched

-disables smart scheduling on platforms that support the smart scheduler.

-.TP

-.B \-schedInterval \fIinterval\fP

-sets the smart scheduler's scheduling interval to

-.I interval

-milliseconds.

-.SH XDMCP OPTIONS

-X servers that support XDMCP have the following options.

-See the \fIX Display Manager Control Protocol\fP specification for more

-information.

-.TP 8

-.B \-query \fIhostname\fP

-enables XDMCP and sends Query packets to the specified

-.IR hostname .

-.TP 8

-.B \-broadcast

-enable XDMCP and broadcasts BroadcastQuery packets to the network.  The

-first responding display manager will be chosen for the session.

-.TP 8

-.B \-multicast [\fIaddress\fP [\fIhop count\fP]]

-Enable XDMCP and multicast BroadcastQuery packets to the  network.

-The first responding display manager is chosen for the session.  If an

-address is specified, the multicast is sent to that address.  If no

-address is specified, the multicast is sent to the default XDMCP IPv6

-multicast group.  If a hop count is specified, it is used as the maximum

-hop count for the multicast.  If no hop count is specified, the multicast

-is set to a maximum of 1 hop, to prevent the multicast from being routed

-beyond the local network.

-.TP 8

-.B \-indirect \fIhostname\fP

-enables XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the specified

-.IR hostname .

-.TP 8

-.B \-port \fIport-number\fP

-uses the specified \fIport-number\fP for XDMCP packets, instead of the

-default.  This option must be specified before any \-query, \-broadcast,

-\-multicast, or \-indirect options.

-.TP 8

-.B \-from \fIlocal-address\fP

-specifies the local address to connect from (useful if the connecting host

-has multiple network interfaces).  The \fIlocal-address\fP may be expressed

-in any form acceptable to the host platform's \fIgethostbyname\fP(3)

-implementation.

-.TP 8

-.B \-once

-causes the server to terminate (rather than reset) when the XDMCP session

-ends.

-.TP 8

-.B \-class \fIdisplay-class\fP

-XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in resource lookup for

-display-specific options.  This option sets that value, by default it

-is "MIT-Unspecified" (not a very useful value).

-.TP 8

-.B \-cookie \fIxdm-auth-bits\fP

-When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key is shared between the

-server and the manager.  This option sets the value of that private

-data (not that it is very private, being on the command line!).

-.TP 8

-.B \-displayID \fIdisplay-id\fP

-Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows the display manager to

-identify each display so that it can locate the shared key.

-.SH XKEYBOARD OPTIONS

-X servers that support the XKEYBOARD (a.k.a. \*qXKB\*q) extension accept the

-following options.  All layout files specified on the command line must be

-located in the XKB base directory or a subdirectory, and specified as the

-relative path from the XKB base directory.  The default XKB base directory is

-.IR __projectroot__/lib/X11/xkb .

-.TP 8

-.BR [+-]accessx " [ \fItimeout\fP [ \fItimeout_mask\fP [ \fIfeedback\fP [ \fIoptions_mask\fP ] ] ] ]"

-enables(+) or disables(-) AccessX key sequences.

-.TP 8

-.B \-xkbdir \fIdirectory\fP

-base directory for keyboard layout files.  This option is not available

-for setuid X servers (i.e., when the X server's real and effective uids

-are different).

-.TP 8

-.B \-ardelay \fImilliseconds\fP

-sets the autorepeat delay (length of time in milliseconds that a key must

-be depressed before autorepeat starts).

-.TP 8

-.B \-arinterval \fImilliseconds\fP

-sets the autorepeat interval (length of time in milliseconds that should

-elapse between autorepeat-generated keystrokes).

-.TP 8

-.B \-xkbmap \fIfilename\fP

-loads keyboard description in \fIfilename\fP on server startup.

-.SH "NETWORK CONNECTIONS"

-The X server supports client connections via a platform-dependent subset of

-the following transport types: TCP\/IP, Unix Domain sockets, DECnet,

-and several varieties of SVR4 local connections.  See the DISPLAY

-NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to

-specify which transport type clients should try to use.

-.SH GRANTING ACCESS

-The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the following

-authorization protocols: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1,

-XDM-AUTHORIZATION-2, SUN-DES-1, and MIT-KERBEROS-5.  See the

-\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page for information on the

-operation of these protocols.

-.PP

-Authorization data required by the above protocols is passed to the

-server in a private file named with the \fB\-auth\fP command line

-option.  Each time the server is about to accept the first connection

-after a reset (or when the server is starting), it reads this file.

-If this file contains any authorization records, the local host is not

-automatically allowed access to the server, and only clients which

-send one of the authorization records contained in the file in the

-connection setup information will be allowed access.  See the

-\fIXau\fP manual page for a description of the binary format of this

-file.  See \fIxauth\fP(1) for maintenance of this file, and distribution

-of its contents to remote hosts.

-.PP

-The X server also uses a host-based access control list for deciding

-whether or not to accept connections from clients on a particular machine.

-If no other authorization mechanism is being used,

-this list initially consists of the host on which the server is running as

-well as any machines listed in the file \fI/etc/X\fBn\fI.hosts\fR, where

-\fBn\fP is the display number of the server.  Each line of the file should

-contain either an Internet hostname (e.g. expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a DECnet

-hostname in double colon format (e.g. hydra::) or a complete name in the format

-\fIfamily\fP:\fIname\fP as described in the \fIxhost\fP(1) manual page.

-There should be no leading or trailing spaces on any lines.  For example:

-.sp

-.in +8

-.nf

-joesworkstation

-corporate.company.com

-star::

-inet:bigcpu

-local:

-.fi

-.in -8

-.PP

-Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or disable access

-control using the \fIxhost\fP command from the same machine as the server.

-.PP

-If the X FireWall Proxy (\fIxfwp\fP) is being used without a sitepolicy,

-host-based authorization must be turned on for clients to be able to

-connect to the X server via the \fIxfwp\fP.  If \fIxfwp\fP is run without

-a configuration file and thus no sitepolicy is defined, if \fIxfwp\fP

-is using an X server where xhost + has been run to turn off host-based

-authorization checks, when a client tries to connect to this X server

-via \fIxfwp\fP, the X server will deny the connection.  See \fIxfwp\fP(1)

-for more information about this proxy.

-.PP

-The X protocol intrinsically does not have any notion of window operation

-permissions or place any restrictions on what a client can do; if a program can

-connect to a display, it has full run of the screen.

-X servers that support the SECURITY extension fare better because clients

-can be designated untrusted via the authorization they use to connect; see

-the \fIxauth\fP(1) manual page for details.  Restrictions are imposed

-on untrusted clients that curtail the mischief they can do.  See the SECURITY

-extension specification for a complete list of these restrictions.

-.PP

-Sites that have better

-authentication and authorization systems might wish to make

-use of the hooks in the libraries and the server to provide additional

-security models.

-.SH SIGNALS

-The X server attaches special meaning to the following signals:

-.TP 8

-.I SIGHUP

-This signal causes the server to close all existing connections, free all

-resources, and restore all defaults.  It is sent by the display manager

-whenever the main user's main application (usually an \fIxterm\fP or window

-manager) exits to force the server to clean up and prepare for the next

-user.

-.TP 8

-.I SIGTERM

-This signal causes the server to exit cleanly.

-.TP 8

-.I SIGUSR1

-This signal is used quite differently from either of the above.  When the

-server starts, it checks to see if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN

-instead of the usual SIG_DFL.  In this case, the server sends a SIGUSR1 to

-its parent process after it has set up the various connection schemes.

-\fIXdm\fP uses this feature to recognize when connecting to the server

-is possible.

-.SH FONTS

-The X server can obtain fonts from directories and/or from font servers.

-The list of directories and font servers

-the X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled

-by the \fIfont path\fP.

-.LP

-The default font path is

-__default_font_path__ .

-.LP

-A special kind of directory can be specified using the \fBcatalogue\fP:

-prefix. Directories specified this way can contain symlinks pointing to the

-real font directories. See the FONTPATH.D section for details.

-.LP

-The font path can be set with the \fB\-fp\fP option or by \fIxset\fP(1)

-after the server has started.

-.SH "FONTPATH.D"

-You can specify a special kind of font path in the form \fBcatalogue:<dir>\fR.

-The directory specified after the catalogue: prefix will be scanned for symlinks

-and each symlink destination will be added as a local fontfile FPE.

-.PP

-The symlink can be suffixed by attributes such as '\fBunscaled\fR', which

-will be passed through to the underlying fontfile FPE. The only exception is

-the newly introduced '\fBpri\fR' attribute, which will be used for ordering

-the font paths specified by the symlinks.

-

-An example configuration:

-

-.nf

-    75dpi:unscaled:pri=20 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi

-    ghostscript:pri=60 \-> /usr/share/fonts/default/ghostscript

-    misc:unscaled:pri=10 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc

-    type1:pri=40 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/Type1

-    type1:pri=50 \-> /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1

-.fi

-

-This will add /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc as the first FPE with the attribute

-'unscaled', second FPE will be /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi, also with

-the attribute unscaled etc. This is functionally equivalent to setting

-the following font path:

-

-.nf

-    /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc:unscaled,

-    /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi:unscaled,

-    /usr/share/X11/fonts/Type1,

-    /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1,

-    /usr/share/fonts/default/ghostscript

-.fi

-

-.SH FILES

-.TP 30

-.I /etc/X\fBn\fP.hosts

-Initial access control list for display number \fBn\fP

-.TP 30

-.IR __datadir__/fonts/X11/misc , __datadir__/fonts/X11/75dpi , __datadir__/fonts/X11/100dpi

-Bitmap font directories

-.TP 30

-.IR __datadir__/fonts/X11/TTF , __datadir__/fonts/X11/Type1

-Outline font directories

-.TP 30

-.I /tmp/.X11-unix/X\fBn\fP

-Unix domain socket for display number \fBn\fP

-.TP 30

-.I /usr/adm/X\fBn\fPmsgs

-Error log file for display number \fBn\fP if run from \fIinit\fP(__adminmansuffix__)

-.TP 30

-.I __projectroot__/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-errors

-Default error log file if the server is run from \fIxdm\fP(1)

-.SH "SEE ALSO"

-General information: \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__)

-.PP

-Protocols:

-.I "X Window System Protocol,"

-.I "The X Font Service Protocol,"

-.I "X Display Manager Control Protocol"

-.PP

-Fonts: \fIbdftopcf\fP(1), \fImkfontdir\fP(1), \fImkfontscale\fP(1),

-\fIxfs\fP(1), \fIxlsfonts\fP(1), \fIxfontsel\fP(1), \fIxfd\fP(1),

-.I "X Logical Font Description Conventions"

-.PP

-Security: \fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__), \fIxauth\fP(1), \fIXau\fP(1),

-\fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxhost\fP(1), \fIxfwp\fP(1),

-.I "Security Extension Specification"

-.PP

-Starting the server: \fIstartx\fP(1), \fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxinit\fP(1)

-.PP

-Controlling the server once started: \fIxset\fP(1), \fIxsetroot\fP(1),

-\fIxhost\fP(1), \fIxinput\fP(1), \fIxrandr\fP(1)

-.PP

-Server-specific man pages:

-\fIXorg\fP(1), \fIXdmx\fP(1), \fIXephyr\fP(1), \fIXnest\fP(1),

-\fIXvfb\fP(1), \fIXquartz\fP(1), \fIXWin\fP(1).

-.PP

-Server internal documentation:

-.I "Definition of the Porting Layer for the X v11 Sample Server"

-.SH AUTHORS

-The sample server was originally written by Susan Angebranndt, Raymond

-Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd Newman, from Digital Equipment

-Corporation, with support from a large cast.  It has since been

-extensively rewritten by Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT.

-Dave Wiggins took over post-R5 and made substantial improvements.

+.\" $Xorg: Xserver.man,v 1.4 2001/02/09 02:04:07 xorgcvs Exp $
+.\" $XdotOrg: xserver/xorg/doc/Xserver.man.pre,v 1.4 2005/12/23 20:11:12 alanc Exp $
+.\" Copyright 1984 - 1991, 1993, 1994, 1998  The Open Group
+.\"
+.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its
+.\" documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that
+.\" the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
+.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
+.\" documentation.
+.\"
+.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+.\"
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OPEN GROUP BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+.\"
+.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of The Open Group shall
+.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
+.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
+.\" from The Open Group.
+.\" $XFree86: xc/programs/Xserver/Xserver.man,v 3.31 2004/01/10 22:27:46 dawes Exp $
+.\" shorthand for double quote that works everywhere.
+.ds q \N'34'
+.TH XSERVER 1 __xorgversion__
+.SH NAME
+Xserver \- X Window System display server
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B X
+[option ...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I X
+is the generic name for the X Window System display server.  It is
+frequently a link or a copy of the appropriate server binary for
+driving the most frequently used server on a given machine.
+.SH "STARTING THE SERVER"
+The X server is usually started from the X Display Manager program
+\fIxdm\fP(1) or a similar display manager program.
+This utility is run from the system boot files and takes care of keeping
+the server running, prompting for usernames and passwords, and starting up
+the user sessions.
+.PP
+Installations that run more than one window system may need to use the
+\fIxinit\fP(1) utility instead of a display manager.  However, \fIxinit\fP is
+to be considered a tool for building startup scripts and is not
+intended for use by end users.  Site administrators are \fBstrongly\fP
+urged to use a display manager, or build other interfaces for novice users.
+.PP
+The X server may also be started directly by the user, though this
+method is usually reserved for testing and is not recommended for
+normal operation.  On some platforms, the user must have special
+permission to start the X server, often because access to certain
+devices (e.g. \fI/dev/mouse\fP) is restricted.
+.PP
+When the X server starts up, it typically takes over the display.  If
+you are running on a workstation whose console is the display, you may
+not be able to log into the console while the server is running.
+.SH OPTIONS
+Many X servers have device-specific command line options.  See the manual
+pages for the individual servers for more details; a list of
+server-specific manual pages is provided in the SEE ALSO section below.
+.PP
+All of the X servers accept the command line options described below.
+Some X servers may have alternative ways of providing the parameters
+described here, but the values provided via the command line options
+should override values specified via other mechanisms.
+.TP 8
+.B :\fIdisplaynumber\fP
+The X server runs as the given \fIdisplaynumber\fP, which by default is 0.
+If multiple X servers are to run simultaneously on a host, each must have
+a unique display number.  See the DISPLAY
+NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to
+specify which display number clients should try to use.
+.TP 8
+.B \-a \fInumber\fP
+sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how much is reported to how much
+the user actually moved the pointer).
+.TP 8
+.B \-ac
+disables host-based access control mechanisms.  Enables access by any host,
+and permits any host to modify the access control list.
+Use with extreme caution.
+This option exists primarily for running test suites remotely.
+.TP 8
+.B \-audit \fIlevel\fP
+sets the audit trail level.  The default level is 1, meaning only connection
+rejections are reported.  Level 2 additionally reports all successful
+connections and disconnects.  Level 4 enables messages from the
+SECURITY extension, if present, including generation and revocation of
+authorizations and violations of the security policy.
+Level 0 turns off the audit trail.
+Audit lines are sent as standard error output.
+.TP 8
+.B \-auth \fIauthorization-file\fP
+specifies a file which contains a collection of authorization records used
+to authenticate access.  See also the \fIxdm\fP(1) and
+\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual pages.
+.TP 8
+.B \-br
+sets the default root window to solid black instead of the standard root weave
+pattern.   This is the default unless -retro or -wr is specified.
+.TP 8
+.B \-bs
+disables backing store support on all screens.
+.TP 8
+.B \-c
+turns off key-click.
+.TP 8
+.B c \fIvolume\fP
+sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100).
+.TP 8
+.B \-cc \fIclass\fP
+sets the visual class for the root window of color screens.
+The class numbers are as specified in the X protocol.
+Not obeyed by all servers.
+.TP 8
+.B \-core
+causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal errors.
+.TP 8
+.B \-deferglyphs \fIwhichfonts\fP
+specifies the types of fonts for which the server should attempt to use
+deferred glyph loading.  \fIwhichfonts\fP can be all (all fonts),
+none (no fonts), or 16 (16 bit fonts only).
+.TP 8
+.B \-dpi \fIresolution\fP
+sets the resolution for all screens, in dots per inch.
+To be used when the server cannot determine the screen size(s) from the
+hardware.
+.TP 8
+.B dpms
+enables DPMS (display power management services), where supported.  The
+default state is platform and configuration specific.
+.TP 8
+.B \-dpms
+disables DPMS (display power management services).  The default state
+is platform and configuration specific.
+.TP 8
+.BI \-extension extensionName
+disables named extension.   If an unknown extension name is specified,
+a list of accepted extension names is printed.
+.TP 8
+.BI \+extension extensionName
+enables named extension.   If an unknown extension name is specified,
+a list of accepted extension names is printed.
+.TP 8
+.B \-f \fIvolume\fP
+sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100).
+.TP 8
+.B \-fc \fIcursorFont\fP
+sets default cursor font.
+.TP 8
+.B \-fn \fIfont\fP
+sets the default font.
+.TP 8
+.B \-fp \fIfontPath\fP
+sets the search path for fonts.  This path is a comma separated list
+of directories which the X server searches for font databases.
+See the FONTS section of this manual page for more information and the default
+list.
+.TP 8
+.B \-help
+prints a usage message.
+.TP 8
+.B \-I
+causes all remaining command line arguments to be ignored.
+.TP 8
+.B \-maxbigreqsize \fIsize\fP
+sets the maximum big request to
+.I size
+MB.
+.TP 8
+.B \-nocursor
+disable the display of the pointer cursor.
+.TP 8
+.B \-nolisten \fItrans-type\fP
+disables a transport type.  For example, TCP/IP connections can be disabled
+with
+.BR "\-nolisten tcp" .
+This option may be issued multiple times to disable listening to different
+transport types.
+.TP 8
+.B \-noreset
+prevents a server reset when the last client connection is closed.  This
+overrides a previous
+.B \-terminate
+command line option.
+.TP 8
+.B \-p \fIminutes\fP
+sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes.
+.TP 8
+.B \-pn
+permits the server to continue running if it fails to establish all of
+its well-known sockets (connection points for clients), but
+establishes at least one.  This option is set by default.
+.TP 8
+.B \-nopn
+causes the server to exit if it fails to establish all of its well-known
+sockets (connection points for clients).
+.TP 8
+.B \-r
+turns off auto-repeat.
+.TP 8
+.B r
+turns on auto-repeat.
+.TP 8
+.B -retro
+starts the stipple with the classic stipple and cursor visible.  The default
+is to start with a black root window, and to suppress display of the cursor
+until the first time an application calls XDefineCursor().  For the Xorg
+server, this also sets the default for the DontZap option to FALSE.  For
+kdrive servers, this implies -zap.
+.TP 8
+.B \-s \fIminutes\fP
+sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes.
+.TP 8
+.B \-su
+disables save under support on all screens.
+.TP 8
+.B \-t \fInumber\fP
+sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e. after how many pixels
+pointer acceleration should take effect).
+.TP 8
+.B \-terminate
+causes the server to terminate at server reset, instead of continuing to run.
+This overrides a previous
+.B \-noreset
+command line option.
+.TP 8
+.B \-to \fIseconds\fP
+sets default connection timeout in seconds.
+.TP 8
+.B \-tst
+disables all testing extensions (e.g., XTEST, XTrap, XTestExtension1, RECORD).
+.TP 8
+.B tty\fIxx\fP
+ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from init).
+.TP 8
+.B v
+sets video-off screen-saver preference.
+.TP 8
+.B \-v
+sets video-on screen-saver preference.
+.TP 8
+.B \-wm
+forces the default backing-store of all windows to be WhenMapped.  This
+is a backdoor way of getting backing-store to apply to all windows.
+Although all mapped windows will have backing store, the backing store
+attribute value reported by the server for a window will be the last
+value established by a client.  If it has never been set by a client,
+the server will report the default value, NotUseful.  This behavior is
+required by the X protocol, which allows the server to exceed the
+client's backing store expectations but does not provide a way to tell
+the client that it is doing so.
+.TP 8
+.B \-wr
+sets the default root window to solid white instead of the standard root weave
+pattern.
+.TP 8
+.B \-x \fIextension\fP
+loads the specified extension at init.
+This is a no-op for most implementations.
+.TP 8
+.B [+-]xinerama
+enables(+) or disables(-) the XINERAMA extension.  The default state is
+platform and configuration specific.
+.SH SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS
+Some X servers accept the following options:
+.TP 8
+.B \-ld \fIkilobytes\fP
+sets the data space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes.
+A value of zero makes the data size as large as possible.  The default value
+of \-1 leaves the data space limit unchanged.
+.TP 8
+.B \-lf \fIfiles\fP
+sets the number-of-open-files limit of the server to the specified number.
+A value of zero makes the limit as large as possible.  The default value
+of \-1 leaves the limit unchanged.
+.TP 8
+.B \-ls \fIkilobytes\fP
+sets the stack space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes.
+A value of zero makes the stack size as large as possible.  The default value
+of \-1 leaves the stack space limit unchanged.
+.TP 8
+.B \-render
+.BR default | mono | gray | color
+sets the color allocation policy that will be used by the render extension.
+.RS 8
+.TP 8
+.I default
+selects the default policy defined for the display depth of the X
+server.
+.TP 8
+.I mono
+don't use any color cell.
+.TP 8
+.I gray
+use a gray map of 13 color cells for the X render extension.
+.TP 8
+.I color
+use a color cube of at most 4*4*4 colors (that is 64 color cells).
+.RE
+.TP 8
+.B \-dumbSched
+disables smart scheduling on platforms that support the smart scheduler.
+.TP
+.B \-schedInterval \fIinterval\fP
+sets the smart scheduler's scheduling interval to
+.I interval
+milliseconds.
+.SH XDMCP OPTIONS
+X servers that support XDMCP have the following options.
+See the \fIX Display Manager Control Protocol\fP specification for more
+information.
+.TP 8
+.B \-query \fIhostname\fP
+enables XDMCP and sends Query packets to the specified
+.IR hostname .
+.TP 8
+.B \-broadcast
+enable XDMCP and broadcasts BroadcastQuery packets to the network.  The
+first responding display manager will be chosen for the session.
+.TP 8
+.B \-multicast [\fIaddress\fP [\fIhop count\fP]]
+Enable XDMCP and multicast BroadcastQuery packets to the  network.
+The first responding display manager is chosen for the session.  If an
+address is specified, the multicast is sent to that address.  If no
+address is specified, the multicast is sent to the default XDMCP IPv6
+multicast group.  If a hop count is specified, it is used as the maximum
+hop count for the multicast.  If no hop count is specified, the multicast
+is set to a maximum of 1 hop, to prevent the multicast from being routed
+beyond the local network.
+.TP 8
+.B \-indirect \fIhostname\fP
+enables XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the specified
+.IR hostname .
+.TP 8
+.B \-port \fIport-number\fP
+uses the specified \fIport-number\fP for XDMCP packets, instead of the
+default.  This option must be specified before any \-query, \-broadcast,
+\-multicast, or \-indirect options.
+.TP 8
+.B \-from \fIlocal-address\fP
+specifies the local address to connect from (useful if the connecting host
+has multiple network interfaces).  The \fIlocal-address\fP may be expressed
+in any form acceptable to the host platform's \fIgethostbyname\fP(3)
+implementation.
+.TP 8
+.B \-once
+causes the server to terminate (rather than reset) when the XDMCP session
+ends.
+.TP 8
+.B \-class \fIdisplay-class\fP
+XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in resource lookup for
+display-specific options.  This option sets that value, by default it
+is "MIT-Unspecified" (not a very useful value).
+.TP 8
+.B \-cookie \fIxdm-auth-bits\fP
+When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key is shared between the
+server and the manager.  This option sets the value of that private
+data (not that it is very private, being on the command line!).
+.TP 8
+.B \-displayID \fIdisplay-id\fP
+Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows the display manager to
+identify each display so that it can locate the shared key.
+.SH XKEYBOARD OPTIONS
+X servers that support the XKEYBOARD (a.k.a. \*qXKB\*q) extension accept the
+following options.  All layout files specified on the command line must be
+located in the XKB base directory or a subdirectory, and specified as the
+relative path from the XKB base directory.  The default XKB base directory is
+.IR __projectroot__/lib/X11/xkb .
+.TP 8
+.BR [+-]accessx " [ \fItimeout\fP [ \fItimeout_mask\fP [ \fIfeedback\fP [ \fIoptions_mask\fP ] ] ] ]"
+enables(+) or disables(-) AccessX key sequences.
+.TP 8
+.B \-xkbdir \fIdirectory\fP
+base directory for keyboard layout files.  This option is not available
+for setuid X servers (i.e., when the X server's real and effective uids
+are different).
+.TP 8
+.B \-ardelay \fImilliseconds\fP
+sets the autorepeat delay (length of time in milliseconds that a key must
+be depressed before autorepeat starts).
+.TP 8
+.B \-arinterval \fImilliseconds\fP
+sets the autorepeat interval (length of time in milliseconds that should
+elapse between autorepeat-generated keystrokes).
+.TP 8
+.B \-xkbmap \fIfilename\fP
+loads keyboard description in \fIfilename\fP on server startup.
+.SH "NETWORK CONNECTIONS"
+The X server supports client connections via a platform-dependent subset of
+the following transport types: TCP\/IP, Unix Domain sockets, DECnet,
+and several varieties of SVR4 local connections.  See the DISPLAY
+NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to
+specify which transport type clients should try to use.
+.SH GRANTING ACCESS
+The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the following
+authorization protocols: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1,
+XDM-AUTHORIZATION-2, SUN-DES-1, and MIT-KERBEROS-5.  See the
+\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page for information on the
+operation of these protocols.
+.PP
+Authorization data required by the above protocols is passed to the
+server in a private file named with the \fB\-auth\fP command line
+option.  Each time the server is about to accept the first connection
+after a reset (or when the server is starting), it reads this file.
+If this file contains any authorization records, the local host is not
+automatically allowed access to the server, and only clients which
+send one of the authorization records contained in the file in the
+connection setup information will be allowed access.  See the
+\fIXau\fP manual page for a description of the binary format of this
+file.  See \fIxauth\fP(1) for maintenance of this file, and distribution
+of its contents to remote hosts.
+.PP
+The X server also uses a host-based access control list for deciding
+whether or not to accept connections from clients on a particular machine.
+If no other authorization mechanism is being used,
+this list initially consists of the host on which the server is running as
+well as any machines listed in the file \fI/etc/X\fBn\fI.hosts\fR, where
+\fBn\fP is the display number of the server.  Each line of the file should
+contain either an Internet hostname (e.g. expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a DECnet
+hostname in double colon format (e.g. hydra::) or a complete name in the format
+\fIfamily\fP:\fIname\fP as described in the \fIxhost\fP(1) manual page.
+There should be no leading or trailing spaces on any lines.  For example:
+.sp
+.in +8
+.nf
+joesworkstation
+corporate.company.com
+star::
+inet:bigcpu
+local:
+.fi
+.in -8
+.PP
+Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or disable access
+control using the \fIxhost\fP command from the same machine as the server.
+.PP
+If the X FireWall Proxy (\fIxfwp\fP) is being used without a sitepolicy,
+host-based authorization must be turned on for clients to be able to
+connect to the X server via the \fIxfwp\fP.  If \fIxfwp\fP is run without
+a configuration file and thus no sitepolicy is defined, if \fIxfwp\fP
+is using an X server where xhost + has been run to turn off host-based
+authorization checks, when a client tries to connect to this X server
+via \fIxfwp\fP, the X server will deny the connection.  See \fIxfwp\fP(1)
+for more information about this proxy.
+.PP
+The X protocol intrinsically does not have any notion of window operation
+permissions or place any restrictions on what a client can do; if a program can
+connect to a display, it has full run of the screen.
+X servers that support the SECURITY extension fare better because clients
+can be designated untrusted via the authorization they use to connect; see
+the \fIxauth\fP(1) manual page for details.  Restrictions are imposed
+on untrusted clients that curtail the mischief they can do.  See the SECURITY
+extension specification for a complete list of these restrictions.
+.PP
+Sites that have better
+authentication and authorization systems might wish to make
+use of the hooks in the libraries and the server to provide additional
+security models.
+.SH SIGNALS
+The X server attaches special meaning to the following signals:
+.TP 8
+.I SIGHUP
+This signal causes the server to close all existing connections, free all
+resources, and restore all defaults.  It is sent by the display manager
+whenever the main user's main application (usually an \fIxterm\fP or window
+manager) exits to force the server to clean up and prepare for the next
+user.
+.TP 8
+.I SIGTERM
+This signal causes the server to exit cleanly.
+.TP 8
+.I SIGUSR1
+This signal is used quite differently from either of the above.  When the
+server starts, it checks to see if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN
+instead of the usual SIG_DFL.  In this case, the server sends a SIGUSR1 to
+its parent process after it has set up the various connection schemes.
+\fIXdm\fP uses this feature to recognize when connecting to the server
+is possible.
+.SH FONTS
+The X server can obtain fonts from directories and/or from font servers.
+The list of directories and font servers
+the X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled
+by the \fIfont path\fP.
+.LP
+The default font path is
+__default_font_path__ .
+.LP
+A special kind of directory can be specified using the \fBcatalogue\fP:
+prefix. Directories specified this way can contain symlinks pointing to the
+real font directories. See the FONTPATH.D section for details.
+.LP
+The font path can be set with the \fB\-fp\fP option or by \fIxset\fP(1)
+after the server has started.
+.SH "FONTPATH.D"
+You can specify a special kind of font path in the form \fBcatalogue:<dir>\fR.
+The directory specified after the catalogue: prefix will be scanned for symlinks
+and each symlink destination will be added as a local fontfile FPE.
+.PP
+The symlink can be suffixed by attributes such as '\fBunscaled\fR', which
+will be passed through to the underlying fontfile FPE. The only exception is
+the newly introduced '\fBpri\fR' attribute, which will be used for ordering
+the font paths specified by the symlinks.
+
+An example configuration:
+
+.nf
+    75dpi:unscaled:pri=20 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi
+    ghostscript:pri=60 \-> /usr/share/fonts/default/ghostscript
+    misc:unscaled:pri=10 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc
+    type1:pri=40 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/Type1
+    type1:pri=50 \-> /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1
+.fi
+
+This will add /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc as the first FPE with the attribute
+'unscaled', second FPE will be /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi, also with
+the attribute unscaled etc. This is functionally equivalent to setting
+the following font path:
+
+.nf
+    /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc:unscaled,
+    /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi:unscaled,
+    /usr/share/X11/fonts/Type1,
+    /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1,
+    /usr/share/fonts/default/ghostscript
+.fi
+
+.SH FILES
+.TP 30
+.I /etc/X\fBn\fP.hosts
+Initial access control list for display number \fBn\fP
+.TP 30
+.IR __datadir__/fonts/X11/misc , __datadir__/fonts/X11/75dpi , __datadir__/fonts/X11/100dpi
+Bitmap font directories
+.TP 30
+.IR __datadir__/fonts/X11/TTF , __datadir__/fonts/X11/Type1
+Outline font directories
+.TP 30
+.I /tmp/.X11-unix/X\fBn\fP
+Unix domain socket for display number \fBn\fP
+.TP 30
+.I /usr/adm/X\fBn\fPmsgs
+Error log file for display number \fBn\fP if run from \fIinit\fP(__adminmansuffix__)
+.TP 30
+.I __projectroot__/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-errors
+Default error log file if the server is run from \fIxdm\fP(1)
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+General information: \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__)
+.PP
+Protocols:
+.I "X Window System Protocol,"
+.I "The X Font Service Protocol,"
+.I "X Display Manager Control Protocol"
+.PP
+Fonts: \fIbdftopcf\fP(1), \fImkfontdir\fP(1), \fImkfontscale\fP(1),
+\fIxfs\fP(1), \fIxlsfonts\fP(1), \fIxfontsel\fP(1), \fIxfd\fP(1),
+.I "X Logical Font Description Conventions"
+.PP
+Keyboards: \fIxkeyboard-config\fP(__miscmansuffix__)
+.PP
+Security: \fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__), \fIxauth\fP(1), \fIXau\fP(1),
+\fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxhost\fP(1), \fIxfwp\fP(1),
+.I "Security Extension Specification"
+.PP
+Starting the server: \fIstartx\fP(1), \fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxinit\fP(1)
+.PP
+Controlling the server once started: \fIxset\fP(1), \fIxsetroot\fP(1),
+\fIxhost\fP(1), \fIxinput\fP(1), \fIxrandr\fP(1)
+.PP
+Server-specific man pages:
+\fIXorg\fP(1), \fIXdmx\fP(1), \fIXephyr\fP(1), \fIXnest\fP(1),
+\fIXvfb\fP(1), \fIXquartz\fP(1), \fIXWin\fP(1).
+.PP
+Server internal documentation:
+.I "Definition of the Porting Layer for the X v11 Sample Server"
+.SH AUTHORS
+The sample server was originally written by Susan Angebranndt, Raymond
+Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd Newman, from Digital Equipment
+Corporation, with support from a large cast.  It has since been
+extensively rewritten by Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT.
+Dave Wiggins took over post-R5 and made substantial improvements.