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+.\" Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1996 X Consortium
+.\"
+.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+.\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+.\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+.\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+.\" the following conditions:
+.\"
+.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+.\"
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+.\"
+.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall
+.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
+.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
+.\" from the X Consortium.
+.\"
+.\" Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 by
+.\" Digital Equipment Corporation
+.\"
+.\" Portions Copyright \(co 1990, 1991 by
+.\" Tektronix, Inc.
+.\"
+.\" Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this documentation for
+.\" any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+.\" copyright notice appears in all copies and that both that copyright notice
+.\" and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that the names of
+.\" Digital and Tektronix not be used in in advertising or publicity pertaining
+.\" to this documentation without specific, written prior permission.
+.\" Digital and Tektronix makes no representations about the suitability
+.\" of this documentation for any purpose.
+.\" It is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty.
+.\"
+.\" $XFree86: xc/doc/man/X11/XCreFSet.man,v 1.2 2001/01/27 18:19:57 dawes Exp $
+.\"
+.ds xT X Toolkit Intrinsics \- C Language Interface
+.ds xW Athena X Widgets \- C Language X Toolkit Interface
+.ds xL Xlib \- C Language X Interface
+.ds xC Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual
+.na
+.de Ds
+.nf
+.\\$1D \\$2 \\$1
+.ft 1
+.\".ps \\n(PS
+.\".if \\n(VS>=40 .vs \\n(VSu
+.\".if \\n(VS<=39 .vs \\n(VSp
+..
+.de De
+.ce 0
+.if \\n(BD .DF
+.nr BD 0
+.in \\n(OIu
+.if \\n(TM .ls 2
+.sp \\n(DDu
+.fi
+..
+.de FD
+.LP
+.KS
+.TA .5i 3i
+.ta .5i 3i
+.nf
+..
+.de FN
+.fi
+.KE
+.LP
+..
+.de IN \" send an index entry to the stderr
+..
+.de C{
+.KS
+.nf
+.D
+.\"
+.\" choose appropriate monospace font
+.\" the imagen conditional, 480,
+.\" may be changed to L if LB is too
+.\" heavy for your eyes...
+.\"
+.ie "\\*(.T"480" .ft L
+.el .ie "\\*(.T"300" .ft L
+.el .ie "\\*(.T"202" .ft PO
+.el .ie "\\*(.T"aps" .ft CW
+.el .ft R
+.ps \\n(PS
+.ie \\n(VS>40 .vs \\n(VSu
+.el .vs \\n(VSp
+..
+.de C}
+.DE
+.R
+..
+.de Pn
+.ie t \\$1\fB\^\\$2\^\fR\\$3
+.el \\$1\fI\^\\$2\^\fP\\$3
+..
+.de ZN
+.ie t \fB\^\\$1\^\fR\\$2
+.el \fI\^\\$1\^\fP\\$2
+..
+.de hN
+.ie t <\fB\\$1\fR>\\$2
+.el <\fI\\$1\fP>\\$2
+..
+.de NT
+.ne 7
+.ds NO Note
+.if \\n(.$>$1 .if !'\\$2'C' .ds NO \\$2
+.if \\n(.$ .if !'\\$1'C' .ds NO \\$1
+.ie n .sp
+.el .sp 10p
+.TB
+.ce
+\\*(NO
+.ie n .sp
+.el .sp 5p
+.if '\\$1'C' .ce 99
+.if '\\$2'C' .ce 99
+.in +5n
+.ll -5n
+.R
+..
+. \" Note End -- doug kraft 3/85
+.de NE
+.ce 0
+.in -5n
+.ll +5n
+.ie n .sp
+.el .sp 10p
+..
+.ny0
+.TH XCreateFontSet __libmansuffix__ __xorgversion__ "XLIB FUNCTIONS"
+.SH NAME
+XCreateFontSet, XFreeFontSet \- create and free an international text drawing font set
+.SH SYNTAX
+.HP
+XFontSet XCreateFontSet\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, char
+*\fIbase_font_name_list\fP\^, char ***\fImissing_charset_list_return\fP\^, int
+*\fImissing_charset_count_return\fP\^, char **\fIdef_string_return\fP\^);
+.HP
+void XFreeFontSet\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, XFontSet \fIfont_set\fP\^);
+.SH ARGUMENTS
+.IP \fIdisplay\fP 1i
+Specifies the connection to the X server.
+.IP \fIbase_font_name_list\fP 1i
+Specifies the base font names.
+.IP \fIdef_string_return\fP 1i
+Returns the string drawn for missing charsets.
+.IP \fIfont_set\fP 1i
+Specifies the font set.
+.IP \fImissing_charset_count_return\fP 1i
+Returns the number of missing charsets.
+.IP \fImissing_charset_list_return\fP 1i
+Returns the missing charsets.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.ZN XCreateFontSet
+function creates a font set for the specified display.
+The font set is bound to the current locale when
+.ZN XCreateFontSet
+is called.
+The font set may be used in subsequent calls to obtain font
+and character information and to image text in the locale of the font set.
+.LP
+The base_font_name_list argument is a list of base font names
+that Xlib uses to load the fonts needed for the locale.
+The base font names are a comma-separated list.
+The string is null-terminated
+and is assumed to be in the Host Portable Character Encoding;
+otherwise, the result is implementation-dependent.
+White space immediately on either side of a separating comma is ignored.
+.LP
+Use of XLFD font names permits Xlib to obtain the fonts needed for a
+variety of locales from a single locale-independent base font name.
+The single base font name should name a family of fonts whose members
+are encoded in the various charsets needed by the locales of interest.
+.LP
+An XLFD base font name can explicitly name a charset needed for the locale.
+This allows the user to specify an exact font for use with a charset required
+by a locale, fully controlling the font selection.
+.LP
+If a base font name is not an XLFD name,
+Xlib will attempt to obtain an XLFD name from the font properties
+for the font.
+If this action is successful in obtaining an XLFD name, the
+.ZN XBaseFontNameListOfFontSet
+function will return this XLFD name instead of the client-supplied name.
+.LP
+Xlib uses the following algorithm to select the fonts
+that will be used to display text with the
+.ZN XFontSet .
+.LP
+For each font charset required by the locale,
+the base font name list is searched for the first appearance of one
+of the following cases that names a set of fonts that exist at the server:
+.IP \(bu 5
+The first XLFD-conforming base font name that specifies the required
+charset or a superset of the required charset in its
+.ZN CharSetRegistry
+and
+.ZN CharSetEncoding
+fields.
+The implementation may use a base font name whose specified charset
+is a superset of the required charset, for example,
+an ISO8859-1 font for an ASCII charset.
+.IP \(bu 5
+The first set of one or more XLFD-conforming base font names
+that specify one or more charsets that can be remapped to support the
+required charset.
+The Xlib implementation may recognize various mappings
+from a required charset to one or more other charsets
+and use the fonts for those charsets.
+For example, JIS Roman is ASCII with tilde and backslash replaced
+by yen and overbar;
+Xlib may load an ISO8859-1 font to support this character set
+if a JIS Roman font is not available.
+.IP \(bu 5
+The first XLFD-conforming font name or the first non-XLFD font name
+for which an XLFD font name can be obtained, combined with the
+required charset (replacing the
+.ZN CharSetRegistry
+and
+.ZN CharSetEncoding
+fields in the XLFD font name).
+As in case 1,
+the implementation may use a charset that is a superset
+of the required charset.
+.IP \(bu 5
+The first font name that can be mapped in some implementation-dependent
+manner to one or more fonts that support imaging text in the charset.
+.LP
+For example, assume that a locale required the charsets:
+.LP
+.Ds 0
+ISO8859-1
+JISX0208.1983
+JISX0201.1976
+GB2312-1980.0
+.De
+.LP
+The user could supply a base_font_name_list that explicitly specifies the
+charsets, ensuring that specific fonts are used if they exist.
+For example:
+.LP
+.Ds 0
+"-JIS-Fixed-Medium-R-Normal--26-180-100-100-C-240-JISX0208.1983-0,\\
+-JIS-Fixed-Medium-R-Normal--26-180-100-100-C-120-JISX0201.1976-0,\\
+-GB-Fixed-Medium-R-Normal--26-180-100-100-C-240-GB2312-1980.0,\\
+-Adobe-Courier-Bold-R-Normal--25-180-75-75-M-150-ISO8859-1"
+.De
+.LP
+Alternatively, the user could supply a base_font_name_list
+that omits the charsets,
+letting Xlib select font charsets required for the locale.
+For example:
+.LP
+.Ds 0
+"-JIS-Fixed-Medium-R-Normal--26-180-100-100-C-240,\\
+-JIS-Fixed-Medium-R-Normal--26-180-100-100-C-120,\\
+-GB-Fixed-Medium-R-Normal--26-180-100-100-C-240,\\
+-Adobe-Courier-Bold-R-Normal--25-180-100-100-M-150"
+.De
+.LP
+Alternatively, the user could simply supply a single base font name
+that allows Xlib to select from all available fonts
+that meet certain minimum XLFD property requirements.
+For example:
+.LP
+.Ds 0
+"-*-*-*-R-Normal--*-180-100-100-*-*"
+.De
+.LP
+If
+.ZN XCreateFontSet
+is unable to create the font set,
+either because there is insufficient memory or because the current locale
+is not supported,
+.ZN XCreateFontSet
+returns NULL, missing_charset_list_return is set to NULL,
+and missing_charset_count_return
+is set to zero.
+If fonts exist for all of the charsets required by the current locale,
+.ZN XCreateFontSet
+returns a valid
+.ZN XFontSet ,
+missing_charset_list_return is set to NULL,
+and missing_charset_count_return is set to zero.
+.LP
+If no font exists for one or more of the required charsets,
+.ZN XCreateFontSet
+sets missing_charset_list_return to a
+list of one or more null-terminated charset names for which no font exists
+and sets missing_charset_count_return to the number of missing fonts.
+The charsets are from the list of the required charsets for
+the encoding of the locale and do not include any charsets to which Xlib
+may be able to remap a required charset.
+.LP
+If no font exists for any of the required charsets
+or if the locale definition in Xlib requires that a font exist
+for a particular charset and a font is not found for that charset,
+.ZN XCreateFontSet
+returns NULL.
+Otherwise,
+.ZN XCreateFontSet
+returns a valid
+.ZN XFontSet
+to font_set.
+.LP
+When an Xmb/wc drawing or measuring function is called with an
+.ZN XFontSet
+that has missing charsets, some characters in the locale will not be
+drawable.
+If def_string_return is non-NULL,
+.ZN XCreateFontSet
+returns a pointer to a string that represents the glyphs
+that are drawn with this
+.ZN XFontSet
+when the charsets of the available fonts do not include all font glyphs
+required to draw a codepoint.
+The string does not necessarily consist of valid characters
+in the current locale and is not necessarily drawn with
+the fonts loaded for the font set,
+but the client can draw and measure the default glyphs
+by including this string in a string being drawn or measured with the
+.ZN XFontSet .
+.LP
+If the string returned to def_string_return is the empty string ("\^"),
+no glyphs are drawn, and the escapement is zero.
+The returned string is null-terminated.
+It is owned by Xlib and should not be modified or freed by the client.
+It will be freed by a call to
+.ZN XFreeFontSet
+with the associated
+.ZN XFontSet .
+Until freed, its contents will not be modified by Xlib.
+.LP
+The client is responsible for constructing an error message from the
+missing charset and default string information and may choose to continue
+operation in the case that some fonts did not exist.
+.LP
+The returned
+.ZN XFontSet
+and missing charset list should be freed with
+.ZN XFreeFontSet
+and
+.ZN XFreeStringList ,
+respectively.
+The client-supplied base_font_name_list may be freed
+by the client after calling
+.ZN XCreateFontSet .
+.LP
+The
+.ZN XFreeFontSet
+function frees the specified font set.
+The associated base font name list, font name list,
+.ZN XFontStruct
+list, and
+.ZN XFontSetExtents ,
+if any, are freed.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+XExtentsofFontSet(3X11),
+XFontsOfFontSet(3X11),
+XFontSetExtents(3X11)
+.br
+\fI\*(xL\fP