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diff --git a/libX11/man/XCreateGC.man b/libX11/man/XCreateGC.man index 72a31f07c..c55c4c9c7 100644 --- a/libX11/man/XCreateGC.man +++ b/libX11/man/XCreateGC.man @@ -1,1203 +1,1203 @@ -'\" t -.\" Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1996 X Consortium -.\" -.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining -.\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the -.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including -.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, -.\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to -.\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to -.\" the following conditions: -.\" -.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included -.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. -.\" -.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS -.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF -.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. -.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR -.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, -.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR -.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall -.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or -.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization -.\" from the X Consortium. -.\" -.\" Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 by -.\" Digital Equipment Corporation -.\" -.\" Portions Copyright \(co 1990, 1991 by -.\" Tektronix, Inc. -.\" -.\" Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this documentation for -.\" any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above -.\" copyright notice appears in all copies and that both that copyright notice -.\" and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that the names of -.\" Digital and Tektronix not be used in in advertising or publicity pertaining -.\" to this documentation without specific, written prior permission. -.\" Digital and Tektronix makes no representations about the suitability -.\" of this documentation for any purpose. -.\" It is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty. -.\" -.\" -.ds xT X Toolkit Intrinsics \- C Language Interface -.ds xW Athena X Widgets \- C Language X Toolkit Interface -.ds xL Xlib \- C Language X Interface -.ds xC Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual -.na -.de Ds -.nf -.\\$1D \\$2 \\$1 -.ft 1 -.\".ps \\n(PS -.\".if \\n(VS>=40 .vs \\n(VSu -.\".if \\n(VS<=39 .vs \\n(VSp -.. -.de De -.ce 0 -.if \\n(BD .DF -.nr BD 0 -.in \\n(OIu -.if \\n(TM .ls 2 -.sp \\n(DDu -.fi -.. -.de FD -.LP -.KS -.TA .5i 3i -.ta .5i 3i -.nf -.. -.de FN -.fi -.KE -.LP -.. -.de IN \" send an index entry to the stderr -.. -.de C{ -.KS -.nf -.D -.\" -.\" choose appropriate monospace font -.\" the imagen conditional, 480, -.\" may be changed to L if LB is too -.\" heavy for your eyes... -.\" -.ie "\\*(.T"480" .ft L -.el .ie "\\*(.T"300" .ft L -.el .ie "\\*(.T"202" .ft PO -.el .ie "\\*(.T"aps" .ft CW -.el .ft R -.ps \\n(PS -.ie \\n(VS>40 .vs \\n(VSu -.el .vs \\n(VSp -.. -.de C} -.DE -.R -.. -.de Pn -.ie t \\$1\fB\^\\$2\^\fR\\$3 -.el \\$1\fI\^\\$2\^\fP\\$3 -.. -.de ZN -.ie t \fB\^\\$1\^\fR\\$2 -.el \fI\^\\$1\^\fP\\$2 -.. -.de hN -.ie t <\fB\\$1\fR>\\$2 -.el <\fI\\$1\fP>\\$2 -.. -.de NT -.ne 7 -.ds NO Note -.if \\n(.$>$1 .if !'\\$2'C' .ds NO \\$2 -.if \\n(.$ .if !'\\$1'C' .ds NO \\$1 -.ie n .sp -.el .sp 10p -.TB -.ce -\\*(NO -.ie n .sp -.el .sp 5p -.if '\\$1'C' .ce 99 -.if '\\$2'C' .ce 99 -.in +5n -.ll -5n -.R -.. -. \" Note End -- doug kraft 3/85 -.de NE -.ce 0 -.in -5n -.ll +5n -.ie n .sp -.el .sp 10p -.. -.ny0 -'\" t -.TH XCreateGC __libmansuffix__ __xorgversion__ "XLIB FUNCTIONS" -.SH NAME -XCreateGC, XCopyGC, XChangeGC, XGetGCValues, XFreeGC, XGContextFromGC, XGCValues \- create or free graphics contexts and graphics context structure -.SH SYNTAX -.HP -GC XCreateGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, Drawable \fId\fP\^, unsigned long -\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\^\fIvalues\fP\^); -.HP -int XCopyGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIsrc\fP\^, -unsigned long \fIvaluemask\fP\^, GC \fIdest\fP\^); -.HP -int XChangeGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^, unsigned long -\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\^\fIvalues\fP\^); -.HP -Status XGetGCValues\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^, unsigned long -\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\fIvalues_return\fP\^); -.HP -int XFreeGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^); -.HP -GContext XGContextFromGC\^(\^GC \fIgc\fP\^); -.SH ARGUMENTS -.IP \fId\fP 1i -Specifies the drawable. -.IP \fIdest\fP 1i -Specifies the destination GC. -.IP \fIdisplay\fP 1i -Specifies the connection to the X server. -.IP \fIgc\fP 1i -Specifies the GC. -.IP \fIsrc\fP 1i -Specifies the components of the source GC. -.ds Vm set, copied, changed, or returned -.IP \fIvaluemask\fP 1i -Specifies which components in the GC are to be \*(Vm. -This argument is the bitwise inclusive OR of zero or more of the valid -GC component mask bits. -.IP \fIvalues\fP 1i -Specifies any values as specified by the valuemask. -.IP \fIvalues_return\fP 1i -Returns the GC values in the specified -.ZN XGCValues -structure. -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.ZN XCreateGC -function creates a graphics context and returns a GC. -The GC can be used with any destination drawable having the same root -and depth as the specified drawable. -Use with other drawables results in a -.ZN BadMatch -error. -.LP -.ZN XCreateGC -can generate -.ZN BadAlloc , -.ZN BadDrawable , -.ZN BadFont , -.ZN BadMatch , -.ZN BadPixmap , -and -.ZN BadValue -errors. -.LP -The -.ZN XCopyGC -function copies the specified components from the source GC -to the destination GC. -The source and destination GCs must have the same root and depth, -or a -.ZN BadMatch -error results. -The valuemask specifies which component to copy, as for -.ZN XCreateGC . -.LP -.ZN XCopyGC -can generate -.ZN BadAlloc , -.ZN BadGC , -and -.ZN BadMatch -errors. -.LP -The -.ZN XChangeGC -function changes the components specified by valuemask for -the specified GC. -The values argument contains the values to be set. -The values and restrictions are the same as for -.ZN XCreateGC . -Changing the clip-mask overrides any previous -.ZN XSetClipRectangles -request on the context. -Changing the dash-offset or dash-list -overrides any previous -.ZN XSetDashes -request on the context. -The order in which components are verified and altered is server dependent. -If an error is generated, a subset of the components may have been altered. -.LP -.ZN XChangeGC -can generate -.ZN BadAlloc , -.ZN BadFont , -.ZN BadGC , -.ZN BadMatch , -.ZN BadPixmap , -and -.ZN BadValue -errors. -.LP -The -.ZN XGetGCValues -function returns the components specified by valuemask for the specified GC. -If the valuemask contains a valid set of GC mask bits -.Pn ( GCFunction , -.ZN GCPlaneMask , -.ZN GCForeground , -.ZN GCBackground , -.ZN GCLineWidth , -.ZN GCLineStyle , -.ZN GCCapStyle , -.ZN GCJoinStyle , -.ZN GCFillStyle , -.ZN GCFillRule , -.ZN GCTile , -.ZN GCStipple , -.ZN GCTileStipXOrigin , -.ZN GCTileStipYOrigin , -.ZN GCFont , -.ZN GCSubwindowMode , -.ZN GCGraphicsExposures , -.ZN GCClipXOrigin , -.ZN GCCLipYOrigin , -.ZN GCDashOffset , -or -.ZN GCArcMode ) -and no error occurs, -.ZN XGetGCValues -sets the requested components in values_return and returns a nonzero status. -Otherwise, it returns a zero status. -Note that the clip-mask and dash-list (represented by the -.ZN GCClipMask -and -.ZN GCDashList -bits, respectively, in the valuemask) -cannot be requested. -Also note that an invalid resource ID (with one or more of the three -most significant bits set to 1) will be returned for -.ZN GCFont , -.ZN GCTile , -and -.ZN GCStipple -if the component has never been explicitly set by the client. -.LP -The -.ZN XFreeGC -function destroys the specified GC as well as all the associated storage. -.LP -.ZN XFreeGC -can generate a -.ZN BadGC -error. -.SH STRUCTURES -The -.ZN XGCValues -structure contains: -.LP -.LP -/\&* GC attribute value mask bits */ -.TS -lw(.5i) lw(2.5i) lw(.75i). -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCFunction -T} T{ -(1L<<0) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCPlaneMask -T} T{ -(1L<<1) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCForeground -T} T{ -(1L<<2) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCBackground -T} T{ -(1L<<3) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCLineWidth -T} T{ -(1L<<4) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCLineStyle -T} T{ -(1L<<5) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCCapStyle -T} T{ -(1L<<6) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCJoinStyle -T} T{ -(1L<<7) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCFillStyle -T} T{ -(1L<<8) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCFillRule -T} T{ -(1L<<9) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCTile -T} T{ -(1L<<10) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCStipple -T} T{ -(1L<<11) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCTileStipXOrigin -T} T{ -(1L<<12) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCTileStipYOrigin -T} T{ -(1L<<13) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCFont -T} T{ -(1L<<14) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCSubwindowMode -T} T{ -(1L<<15) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCGraphicsExposures -T} T{ -(1L<<16) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCClipXOrigin -T} T{ -(1L<<17) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCClipYOrigin -T} T{ -(1L<<18) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCClipMask -T} T{ -(1L<<19) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCDashOffset -T} T{ -(1L<<20) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCDashList -T} T{ -(1L<<21) -T} -T{ -\&#define -T} T{ -.ZN GCArcMode -T} T{ -(1L<<22) -T} -.TE -.IN "XGCValues" "" "@DEF@" -.Ds 0 -.TA .5i 3i -.ta .5i 3i -/\&* Values */ - -typedef struct { - int function; /\&* logical operation */ - unsigned long plane_mask; /\&* plane mask */ - unsigned long foreground; /\&* foreground pixel */ - unsigned long background; /\&* background pixel */ - int line_width; /\&* line width (in pixels) */ - int line_style; /\&* LineSolid, LineOnOffDash, LineDoubleDash */ - int cap_style; /\&* CapNotLast, CapButt, CapRound, CapProjecting */ - int join_style; /\&* JoinMiter, JoinRound, JoinBevel */ - int fill_style; /\&* FillSolid, FillTiled, FillStippled FillOpaqueStippled*/ - int fill_rule; /\&* EvenOddRule, WindingRule */ - int arc_mode; /\&* ArcChord, ArcPieSlice */ - Pixmap tile; /\&* tile pixmap for tiling operations */ - Pixmap stipple; /\&* stipple 1 plane pixmap for stippling */ - int ts_x_origin; /\&* offset for tile or stipple operations */ - int ts_y_origin; - Font font; /\&* default text font for text operations */ - int subwindow_mode; /\&* ClipByChildren, IncludeInferiors */ - Bool graphics_exposures; /\&* boolean, should exposures be generated */ - int clip_x_origin; /\&* origin for clipping */ - int clip_y_origin; - Pixmap clip_mask; /\&* bitmap clipping; other calls for rects */ - int dash_offset; /\&* patterned/dashed line information */ - char dashes; -} XGCValues; -.De -.LP -The function attributes of a GC are used when you update a section of -a drawable (the destination) with bits from somewhere else (the source). -The function in a GC defines how the new destination bits are to be -computed from the source bits and the old destination bits. -.ZN GXcopy -is typically the most useful because it will work on a color display, -but special applications may use other functions, -particularly in concert with particular planes of a color display. -The 16 GC functions, defined in -.hN X11/X.h , -are: -.\" are listed in Table 5-1 along with the -.\"the associated hexadecimal code -.\" and operation. -.\".CP T 1 -.\"Display Functions -.TS H -lw(1.5i) cw(.5i) lw(2i). -_ -.sp 6p -.B -Function Name Value Operation -.sp 6p -_ -.sp 6p -.TH -T{ -.ZN GXclear -T} T{ -0x0 -T} T{ -0 -T} -T{ -.ZN GXand -T} T{ -0x1 -T} T{ -src AND dst -T} -T{ -.ZN GXandReverse -T} T{ -0x2 -T} T{ -src AND NOT dst -T} -T{ -.ZN GXcopy -T} T{ -0x3 -T} T{ -src -T} -T{ -.ZN GXandInverted -T} T{ -0x4 -T} T{ -(NOT src) AND dst -T} -T{ -.ZN GXnoop -T} T{ -0x5 -T} T{ -dst -T} -T{ -.ZN GXxor -T} T{ -0x6 -T} T{ -src XOR dst -T} -T{ -.ZN GXor -T} T{ -0x7 -T} T{ -src OR dst -T} -T{ -.ZN GXnor -T} T{ -0x8 -T} T{ -(NOT src) AND (NOT dst) -T} -T{ -.ZN GXequiv -T} T{ -0x9 -T} T{ -(NOT src) XOR dst -T} -T{ -.ZN GXinvert -T} T{ -0xa -T} T{ -NOT dst -T} -T{ -.ZN GXorReverse -T} T{ -0xb -T} T{ -src OR (NOT dst) -T} -T{ -.ZN GXcopyInverted -T} T{ -0xc -T} T{ -NOT src -T} -T{ -.ZN GXorInverted -T} T{ -0xd -T} T{ -(NOT src) OR dst -T} -T{ -.ZN GXnand -T} T{ -0xe -T} T{ -(NOT src) OR (NOT dst) -T} -T{ -.ZN GXset -T} T{ -0xf -T} T{ -1 -T} -.sp 6p -_ -.TE -.LP -Many graphics operations depend on either pixel values or planes in a GC. -.IN "Pixel value" -The planes attribute is of type long, and it specifies which planes of the -destination are to be modified, one bit per plane. -.IN "Plane" "mask" -A monochrome display has only one plane and -will be the least significant bit of the word. -As planes are added to the display hardware, they will occupy more -significant bits in the plane mask. -.LP -In graphics operations, given a source and destination pixel, -the result is computed bitwise on corresponding bits of the pixels. -That is, a Boolean operation is performed in each bit plane. -The plane_mask restricts the operation to a subset of planes. -A macro constant -.ZN AllPlanes -can be used to refer to all planes of the screen simultaneously. -The result is computed by the following: -.LP -.Ds -((src FUNC dst) AND plane-mask) OR (dst AND (NOT plane-mask)) -.De -.LP -Range checking is not performed on the values for foreground, -background, or plane_mask. -They are simply truncated to the appropriate -number of bits. -The line-width is measured in pixels and either can be greater than or equal to -one (wide line) or can be the special value zero (thin line). -.LP -Wide lines are drawn centered on the path described by the graphics request. -Unless otherwise specified by the join-style or cap-style, -the bounding box of a wide line with endpoints [x1, y1], [x2, y2] and -width w is a rectangle with vertices at the following real coordinates: -.LP -.Ds -.TA .5i 2.5i -.ta .5i 2.5i -[x1-(w*sn/2), y1+(w*cs/2)], [x1+(w*sn/2), y1-(w*cs/2)], -[x2-(w*sn/2), y2+(w*cs/2)], [x2+(w*sn/2), y2-(w*cs/2)] -.De -.LP -Here sn is the sine of the angle of the line, -and cs is the cosine of the angle of the line. -A pixel is part of the line and so is drawn -if the center of the pixel is fully inside the bounding box -(which is viewed as having infinitely thin edges). -If the center of the pixel is exactly on the bounding box, -it is part of the line if and only if the interior is immediately to its right -(x increasing direction). -Pixels with centers on a horizontal edge are a special case and are part of -the line if and only if the interior or the boundary is immediately below -(y increasing direction) and the interior or the boundary is immediately -to the right (x increasing direction). -.LP -Thin lines (zero line-width) are one-pixel-wide lines drawn using an -unspecified, device-dependent algorithm. -There are only two constraints on this algorithm. -.IP 1. 5 -If a line is drawn unclipped from [x1,y1] to [x2,y2] and -if another line is drawn unclipped from [x1+dx,y1+dy] to [x2+dx,y2+dy], -a point [x,y] is touched by drawing the first line -if and only if the point [x+dx,y+dy] is touched by drawing the second line. -.IP 2. 5 -The effective set of points comprising a line cannot be affected by clipping. -That is, a point is touched in a clipped line if and only if the point -lies inside the clipping region and the point would be touched -by the line when drawn unclipped. -.LP -A wide line drawn from [x1,y1] to [x2,y2] always draws the same pixels -as a wide line drawn from [x2,y2] to [x1,y1], not counting cap-style -and join-style. -It is recommended that this property be true for thin lines, -but this is not required. -A line-width of zero may differ from a line-width of one in which pixels are -drawn. -This permits the use of many manufacturers' line drawing hardware, -which may run many times faster than the more precisely specified -wide lines. -.LP -In general, -drawing a thin line will be faster than drawing a wide line of width one. -However, because of their different drawing algorithms, -thin lines may not mix well aesthetically with wide lines. -If it is desirable to obtain precise and uniform results across all displays, -a client should always use a line-width of one rather than a line-width of zero. -.LP -The line-style defines which sections of a line are drawn: -.TS -lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i). -T{ -.ZN LineSolid -T} T{ -The full path of the line is drawn. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN LineDoubleDash -T} T{ -The full path of the line is drawn, -but the even dashes are filled differently -from the odd dashes (see fill-style) with -.ZN CapButt -style used where even and odd dashes meet. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN LineOnOffDash -T} T{ -Only the even dashes are drawn, -and cap-style applies to -all internal ends of the individual dashes, -except -.ZN CapNotLast -is treated as -.ZN CapButt . -T} -.TE -.LP -The cap-style defines how the endpoints of a path are drawn: -.IN "Graphics context" "path" -.TS -lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i). -T{ -.ZN CapNotLast -T} T{ -This is equivalent to -.ZN CapButt -except that for a line-width of zero the final endpoint is not drawn. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN CapButt -T} T{ -The line is square at the endpoint (perpendicular to the slope of the line) -with no projection beyond. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN CapRound -T} T{ -The line has a circular arc with the diameter equal to the line-width, -centered on the endpoint. -(This is equivalent to -.ZN CapButt -for line-width of zero). -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN CapProjecting -T} T{ -The line is square at the end, but the path continues beyond the endpoint -for a distance equal to half the line-width. -(This is equivalent to -.ZN CapButt -for line-width of zero). -T} -.TE -.LP -The join-style defines how corners are drawn for wide lines: -.TS -lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i). -T{ -.ZN JoinMiter -T} T{ -The outer edges of two lines extend to meet at an angle. -However, if the angle is less than 11 degrees, -then a -.ZN JoinBevel -join-style is used instead. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN JoinRound -T} T{ -The corner is a circular arc with the diameter equal to the line-width, -centered on the joinpoint. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN JoinBevel -T} T{ -The corner has -.ZN CapButt -endpoint styles with the triangular notch filled. -T} -.TE -.LP -For a line with coincident endpoints (x1=x2, y1=y2), -when the cap-style is applied to both endpoints, -the semantics depends on the line-width and the cap-style: -.TS -lw(1.3i) lw(.5i) lw(4i). -T{ -.ZN CapNotLast -T} T{ -thin -T} T{ -The results are device dependent, -but the desired effect is that nothing is drawn. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN CapButt -T} T{ -thin -T} T{ -The results are device dependent, -but the desired effect is that a single pixel is drawn. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN CapRound -T} T{ -thin -T} T{ -The results are the same as for -.ZN CapButt /thin. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN CapProjecting -T} T{ -thin -T} T{ -The results are the same as for -.ZN CapButt /thin. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN CapButt -T} T{ -wide -T} T{ -Nothing is drawn. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN CapRound -T} T{ -wide -T} T{ -The closed path is a circle, centered at the endpoint, and -with the diameter equal to the line-width. -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN CapProjecting -T} T{ -wide -T} T{ -The closed path is a square, aligned with the coordinate axes, centered at the -endpoint, and with the sides equal to the line-width. -T} -.TE -.LP -For a line with coincident endpoints (x1=x2, y1=y2), -when the join-style is applied at one or both endpoints, -the effect is as if the line was removed from the overall path. -However, if the total path consists of or is reduced to a single point joined -with itself, the effect is the same as when the cap-style is applied at both -endpoints. -.LP -The tile/stipple represents an infinite two-dimensional plane, -with the tile/stipple replicated in all dimensions. -When that plane is superimposed on the drawable -for use in a graphics operation, the upper-left corner -of some instance of the tile/stipple is at the coordinates within -the drawable specified by the tile/stipple origin. -The tile/stipple and clip origins are interpreted relative to the -origin of whatever destination drawable is specified in a graphics -request. -The tile pixmap must have the same root and depth as the GC, -or a -.ZN BadMatch -error results. -The stipple pixmap must have depth one and must have the same root as the -GC, or a -.ZN BadMatch -error results. -For stipple operations where the fill-style is -.ZN FillStippled -but not -.ZN FillOpaqueStippled , -the stipple pattern is tiled in a -single plane and acts as an additional clip mask to be ANDed with the clip-mask. -Although some sizes may be faster to use than others, -any size pixmap can be used for tiling or stippling. -.LP -The fill-style defines the contents of the source for line, text, and -fill requests. -For all text and fill requests (for example, -.ZN XDrawText , -.ZN XDrawText16 , -.ZN XFillRectangle , -.ZN XFillPolygon , -and -.ZN XFillArc ); -for line requests -with line-style -.ZN LineSolid -(for example, -.ZN XDrawLine , -.ZN XDrawSegments , -.ZN XDrawRectangle , -.ZN XDrawArc ); -and for the even dashes for line requests with line-style -.ZN LineOnOffDash -or -.ZN LineDoubleDash , -the following apply: -.TS -lw(1.8i) lw(4i). -T{ -.ZN FillSolid -T} T{ -Foreground -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN FillTiled -T} T{ -Tile -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN FillOpaqueStippled -T} T{ -A tile with the same width and height as stipple, -but with background everywhere stipple has a zero -and with foreground everywhere stipple has a one -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN FillStippled -T} T{ -Foreground masked by stipple -T} -.TE -.LP -When drawing lines with line-style -.ZN LineDoubleDash , -the odd dashes are controlled by the fill-style in the following manner: -.TS -lw(1.8i) lw(4i). -T{ -.ZN FillSolid -T} T{ -Background -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN FillTiled -T} T{ -Same as for even dashes -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN FillOpaqueStippled -T} T{ -Same as for even dashes -T} -.sp 6p -T{ -.ZN FillStippled -T} T{ -Background masked by stipple -T} -.TE -.LP -Storing a pixmap in a GC might or might not result in a copy -being made. -If the pixmap is later used as the destination for a graphics request, -the change might or might not be reflected in the GC. -If the pixmap is used simultaneously in a graphics request both as -a destination and as a tile or stipple, -the results are undefined. -.LP -For optimum performance, -you should draw as much as possible with the same GC -(without changing its components). -The costs of changing GC components relative to using different GCs -depend on the display hardware and the server implementation. -It is quite likely that some amount of GC information will be -cached in display hardware and that such hardware can only cache a small number -of GCs. -.LP -The dashes value is actually a simplified form of the -more general patterns that can be set with -.ZN XSetDashes . -Specifying a -value of N is equivalent to specifying the two-element list [N, N] in -.ZN XSetDashes . -The value must be nonzero, -or a -.ZN BadValue -error results. -.LP -The clip-mask restricts writes to the destination drawable. -If the clip-mask is set to a pixmap, -it must have depth one and have the same root as the GC, -or a -.ZN BadMatch -error results. -If clip-mask is set to -.ZN None , -the pixels are always drawn regardless of the clip origin. -The clip-mask also can be set by calling the -.ZN XSetClipRectangles -or -.ZN XSetRegion -functions. -Only pixels where the clip-mask has a bit set to 1 are drawn. -Pixels are not drawn outside the area covered by the clip-mask -or where the clip-mask has a bit set to 0. -The clip-mask affects all graphics requests. -The clip-mask does not clip sources. -The clip-mask origin is interpreted relative to the origin of whatever -destination drawable is specified in a graphics request. -.LP -You can set the subwindow-mode to -.ZN ClipByChildren -or -.ZN IncludeInferiors . -For -.ZN ClipByChildren , -both source and destination windows are -additionally clipped by all viewable -.ZN InputOutput -children. -For -.ZN IncludeInferiors , -neither source nor destination window is clipped by inferiors. -This will result in including subwindow contents in the source -and drawing through subwindow boundaries of the destination. -The use of -.ZN IncludeInferiors -on a window of one depth with mapped -inferiors of differing depth is not illegal, but the semantics are -undefined by the core protocol. -.LP -The fill-rule defines what pixels are inside (drawn) for -paths given in -.ZN XFillPolygon -requests and can be set to -.ZN EvenOddRule -or -.ZN WindingRule . -For -.ZN EvenOddRule , -a point is inside if -an infinite ray with the point as origin crosses the path an odd number -of times. -For -.ZN WindingRule , -a point is inside if an infinite ray with the -point as origin crosses an unequal number of clockwise and -counterclockwise directed path segments. -A clockwise directed path segment is one that crosses the ray from left to -right as observed from the point. -A counterclockwise segment is one that crosses the ray from right to left -as observed from the point. -The case where a directed line segment is coincident with the ray is -uninteresting because you can simply choose a different ray that is not -coincident with a segment. -.LP -For both -.ZN EvenOddRule -and -.ZN WindingRule , -a point is infinitely small, -and the path is an infinitely thin line. -A pixel is inside if the center point of the pixel is inside -and the center point is not on the boundary. -If the center point is on the boundary, -the pixel is inside if and only if the polygon interior is immediately to -its right (x increasing direction). -Pixels with centers on a horizontal edge are a special case -and are inside if and only if the polygon interior is immediately below -(y increasing direction). -.LP -The arc-mode controls filling in the -.ZN XFillArcs -function and can be set to -.ZN ArcPieSlice -or -.ZN ArcChord . -For -.ZN ArcPieSlice , -the arcs are pie-slice filled. -For -.ZN ArcChord , -the arcs are chord filled. -.LP -The graphics-exposure flag controls -.ZN GraphicsExpose -event generation -for -.ZN XCopyArea -and -.ZN XCopyPlane -requests (and any similar requests defined by extensions). -.SH DIAGNOSTICS -.TP 1i -.ZN BadAlloc -The server failed to allocate the requested resource or server memory. -.TP 1i -.ZN BadDrawable -A value for a Drawable argument does not name a defined Window or Pixmap. -.TP 1i -.ZN BadFont -A value for a Font or GContext argument does not name a defined Font. -.TP 1i -.ZN BadGC -A value for a GContext argument does not name a defined GContext. -.TP 1i -.ZN BadMatch -An -.ZN InputOnly -window is used as a Drawable. -.TP 1i -.ZN BadMatch -Some argument or pair of arguments has the correct type and range but fails -to match in some other way required by the request. -.TP 1i -.ZN BadPixmap -A value for a Pixmap argument does not name a defined Pixmap. -.TP 1i -.ZN BadValue -Some numeric value falls outside the range of values accepted by the request. -Unless a specific range is specified for an argument, the full range defined -by the argument's type is accepted. Any argument defined as a set of -alternatives can generate this error. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -AllPlanes(__libmansuffix__), -XCopyArea(__libmansuffix__), -XCreateRegion(__libmansuffix__), -XDrawArc(__libmansuffix__), -XDrawLine(__libmansuffix__), -XDrawRectangle(__libmansuffix__), -XDrawText(__libmansuffix__), -XFillRectangle(__libmansuffix__), -XQueryBestSize(__libmansuffix__), -XSetArcMode(__libmansuffix__), -XSetClipOrigin(__libmansuffix__), -XSetFillStyle(__libmansuffix__), -XSetFont(__libmansuffix__), -XSetLineAttributes(__libmansuffix__), -XSetState(__libmansuffix__), -XSetTile(__libmansuffix__) -.br -\fI\*(xL\fP +'\" t
+.\" Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1996 X Consortium
+.\"
+.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+.\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+.\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+.\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+.\" the following conditions:
+.\"
+.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+.\"
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+.\"
+.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall
+.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
+.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
+.\" from the X Consortium.
+.\"
+.\" Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 by
+.\" Digital Equipment Corporation
+.\"
+.\" Portions Copyright \(co 1990, 1991 by
+.\" Tektronix, Inc.
+.\"
+.\" Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this documentation for
+.\" any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+.\" copyright notice appears in all copies and that both that copyright notice
+.\" and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that the names of
+.\" Digital and Tektronix not be used in in advertising or publicity pertaining
+.\" to this documentation without specific, written prior permission.
+.\" Digital and Tektronix makes no representations about the suitability
+.\" of this documentation for any purpose.
+.\" It is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty.
+.\"
+.\"
+.ds xT X Toolkit Intrinsics \- C Language Interface
+.ds xW Athena X Widgets \- C Language X Toolkit Interface
+.ds xL Xlib \- C Language X Interface
+.ds xC Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual
+.na
+.de Ds
+.nf
+.\\$1D \\$2 \\$1
+.ft 1
+.\".ps \\n(PS
+.\".if \\n(VS>=40 .vs \\n(VSu
+.\".if \\n(VS<=39 .vs \\n(VSp
+..
+.de De
+.ce 0
+.if \\n(BD .DF
+.nr BD 0
+.in \\n(OIu
+.if \\n(TM .ls 2
+.sp \\n(DDu
+.fi
+..
+.de FD
+.LP
+.KS
+.TA .5i 3i
+.ta .5i 3i
+.nf
+..
+.de FN
+.fi
+.KE
+.LP
+..
+.de IN \" send an index entry to the stderr
+..
+.de C{
+.KS
+.nf
+.D
+.\"
+.\" choose appropriate monospace font
+.\" the imagen conditional, 480,
+.\" may be changed to L if LB is too
+.\" heavy for your eyes...
+.\"
+.ie "\\*(.T"480" .ft L
+.el .ie "\\*(.T"300" .ft L
+.el .ie "\\*(.T"202" .ft PO
+.el .ie "\\*(.T"aps" .ft CW
+.el .ft R
+.ps \\n(PS
+.ie \\n(VS>40 .vs \\n(VSu
+.el .vs \\n(VSp
+..
+.de C}
+.DE
+.R
+..
+.de Pn
+.ie t \\$1\fB\^\\$2\^\fR\\$3
+.el \\$1\fI\^\\$2\^\fP\\$3
+..
+.de ZN
+.ie t \fB\^\\$1\^\fR\\$2
+.el \fI\^\\$1\^\fP\\$2
+..
+.de hN
+.ie t <\fB\\$1\fR>\\$2
+.el <\fI\\$1\fP>\\$2
+..
+.de NT
+.ne 7
+.ds NO Note
+.if \\n(.$>$1 .if !'\\$2'C' .ds NO \\$2
+.if \\n(.$ .if !'\\$1'C' .ds NO \\$1
+.ie n .sp
+.el .sp 10p
+.TB
+.ce
+\\*(NO
+.ie n .sp
+.el .sp 5p
+.if '\\$1'C' .ce 99
+.if '\\$2'C' .ce 99
+.in +5n
+.ll -5n
+.R
+..
+. \" Note End -- doug kraft 3/85
+.de NE
+.ce 0
+.in -5n
+.ll +5n
+.ie n .sp
+.el .sp 10p
+..
+.ny0
+'\" t
+.TH XCreateGC __libmansuffix__ __xorgversion__ "XLIB FUNCTIONS"
+.SH NAME
+XCreateGC, XCopyGC, XChangeGC, XGetGCValues, XFreeGC, XGContextFromGC, XGCValues \- create or free graphics contexts and graphics context structure
+.SH SYNTAX
+.HP
+GC XCreateGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, Drawable \fId\fP\^, unsigned long
+\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\^\fIvalues\fP\^);
+.HP
+int XCopyGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIsrc\fP\^,
+unsigned long \fIvaluemask\fP\^, GC \fIdest\fP\^);
+.HP
+int XChangeGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^, unsigned long
+\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\^\fIvalues\fP\^);
+.HP
+Status XGetGCValues\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^, unsigned long
+\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\fIvalues_return\fP\^);
+.HP
+int XFreeGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^);
+.HP
+GContext XGContextFromGC\^(\^GC \fIgc\fP\^);
+.SH ARGUMENTS
+.IP \fId\fP 1i
+Specifies the drawable.
+.IP \fIdest\fP 1i
+Specifies the destination GC.
+.IP \fIdisplay\fP 1i
+Specifies the connection to the X server.
+.IP \fIgc\fP 1i
+Specifies the GC.
+.IP \fIsrc\fP 1i
+Specifies the components of the source GC.
+.ds Vm set, copied, changed, or returned
+.IP \fIvaluemask\fP 1i
+Specifies which components in the GC are to be \*(Vm.
+This argument is the bitwise inclusive OR of zero or more of the valid
+GC component mask bits.
+.IP \fIvalues\fP 1i
+Specifies any values as specified by the valuemask.
+.IP \fIvalues_return\fP 1i
+Returns the GC values in the specified
+.ZN XGCValues
+structure.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.ZN XCreateGC
+function creates a graphics context and returns a GC.
+The GC can be used with any destination drawable having the same root
+and depth as the specified drawable.
+Use with other drawables results in a
+.ZN BadMatch
+error.
+.LP
+.ZN XCreateGC
+can generate
+.ZN BadAlloc ,
+.ZN BadDrawable ,
+.ZN BadFont ,
+.ZN BadMatch ,
+.ZN BadPixmap ,
+and
+.ZN BadValue
+errors.
+.LP
+The
+.ZN XCopyGC
+function copies the specified components from the source GC
+to the destination GC.
+The source and destination GCs must have the same root and depth,
+or a
+.ZN BadMatch
+error results.
+The valuemask specifies which component to copy, as for
+.ZN XCreateGC .
+.LP
+.ZN XCopyGC
+can generate
+.ZN BadAlloc ,
+.ZN BadGC ,
+and
+.ZN BadMatch
+errors.
+.LP
+The
+.ZN XChangeGC
+function changes the components specified by valuemask for
+the specified GC.
+The values argument contains the values to be set.
+The values and restrictions are the same as for
+.ZN XCreateGC .
+Changing the clip-mask overrides any previous
+.ZN XSetClipRectangles
+request on the context.
+Changing the dash-offset or dash-list
+overrides any previous
+.ZN XSetDashes
+request on the context.
+The order in which components are verified and altered is server dependent.
+If an error is generated, a subset of the components may have been altered.
+.LP
+.ZN XChangeGC
+can generate
+.ZN BadAlloc ,
+.ZN BadFont ,
+.ZN BadGC ,
+.ZN BadMatch ,
+.ZN BadPixmap ,
+and
+.ZN BadValue
+errors.
+.LP
+The
+.ZN XGetGCValues
+function returns the components specified by valuemask for the specified GC.
+If the valuemask contains a valid set of GC mask bits
+.Pn ( GCFunction ,
+.ZN GCPlaneMask ,
+.ZN GCForeground ,
+.ZN GCBackground ,
+.ZN GCLineWidth ,
+.ZN GCLineStyle ,
+.ZN GCCapStyle ,
+.ZN GCJoinStyle ,
+.ZN GCFillStyle ,
+.ZN GCFillRule ,
+.ZN GCTile ,
+.ZN GCStipple ,
+.ZN GCTileStipXOrigin ,
+.ZN GCTileStipYOrigin ,
+.ZN GCFont ,
+.ZN GCSubwindowMode ,
+.ZN GCGraphicsExposures ,
+.ZN GCClipXOrigin ,
+.ZN GCCLipYOrigin ,
+.ZN GCDashOffset ,
+or
+.ZN GCArcMode )
+and no error occurs,
+.ZN XGetGCValues
+sets the requested components in values_return and returns a nonzero status.
+Otherwise, it returns a zero status.
+Note that the clip-mask and dash-list (represented by the
+.ZN GCClipMask
+and
+.ZN GCDashList
+bits, respectively, in the valuemask)
+cannot be requested.
+Also note that an invalid resource ID (with one or more of the three
+most significant bits set to 1) will be returned for
+.ZN GCFont ,
+.ZN GCTile ,
+and
+.ZN GCStipple
+if the component has never been explicitly set by the client.
+.LP
+The
+.ZN XFreeGC
+function destroys the specified GC as well as all the associated storage.
+.LP
+.ZN XFreeGC
+can generate a
+.ZN BadGC
+error.
+.SH STRUCTURES
+The
+.ZN XGCValues
+structure contains:
+.LP
+.LP
+/\&* GC attribute value mask bits */
+.TS
+lw(.5i) lw(2.5i) lw(.75i).
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCFunction
+T} T{
+(1L<<0)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCPlaneMask
+T} T{
+(1L<<1)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCForeground
+T} T{
+(1L<<2)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCBackground
+T} T{
+(1L<<3)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCLineWidth
+T} T{
+(1L<<4)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCLineStyle
+T} T{
+(1L<<5)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCCapStyle
+T} T{
+(1L<<6)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCJoinStyle
+T} T{
+(1L<<7)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCFillStyle
+T} T{
+(1L<<8)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCFillRule
+T} T{
+(1L<<9)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCTile
+T} T{
+(1L<<10)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCStipple
+T} T{
+(1L<<11)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCTileStipXOrigin
+T} T{
+(1L<<12)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCTileStipYOrigin
+T} T{
+(1L<<13)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCFont
+T} T{
+(1L<<14)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCSubwindowMode
+T} T{
+(1L<<15)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCGraphicsExposures
+T} T{
+(1L<<16)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCClipXOrigin
+T} T{
+(1L<<17)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCClipYOrigin
+T} T{
+(1L<<18)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCClipMask
+T} T{
+(1L<<19)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCDashOffset
+T} T{
+(1L<<20)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCDashList
+T} T{
+(1L<<21)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T} T{
+.ZN GCArcMode
+T} T{
+(1L<<22)
+T}
+.TE
+.IN "XGCValues" "" "@DEF@"
+.Ds 0
+.TA .5i 3i
+.ta .5i 3i
+/\&* Values */
+
+typedef struct {
+ int function; /\&* logical operation */
+ unsigned long plane_mask; /\&* plane mask */
+ unsigned long foreground; /\&* foreground pixel */
+ unsigned long background; /\&* background pixel */
+ int line_width; /\&* line width (in pixels) */
+ int line_style; /\&* LineSolid, LineOnOffDash, LineDoubleDash */
+ int cap_style; /\&* CapNotLast, CapButt, CapRound, CapProjecting */
+ int join_style; /\&* JoinMiter, JoinRound, JoinBevel */
+ int fill_style; /\&* FillSolid, FillTiled, FillStippled FillOpaqueStippled*/
+ int fill_rule; /\&* EvenOddRule, WindingRule */
+ int arc_mode; /\&* ArcChord, ArcPieSlice */
+ Pixmap tile; /\&* tile pixmap for tiling operations */
+ Pixmap stipple; /\&* stipple 1 plane pixmap for stippling */
+ int ts_x_origin; /\&* offset for tile or stipple operations */
+ int ts_y_origin;
+ Font font; /\&* default text font for text operations */
+ int subwindow_mode; /\&* ClipByChildren, IncludeInferiors */
+ Bool graphics_exposures; /\&* boolean, should exposures be generated */
+ int clip_x_origin; /\&* origin for clipping */
+ int clip_y_origin;
+ Pixmap clip_mask; /\&* bitmap clipping; other calls for rects */
+ int dash_offset; /\&* patterned/dashed line information */
+ char dashes;
+} XGCValues;
+.De
+.LP
+The function attributes of a GC are used when you update a section of
+a drawable (the destination) with bits from somewhere else (the source).
+The function in a GC defines how the new destination bits are to be
+computed from the source bits and the old destination bits.
+.ZN GXcopy
+is typically the most useful because it will work on a color display,
+but special applications may use other functions,
+particularly in concert with particular planes of a color display.
+The 16 GC functions, defined in
+.hN X11/X.h ,
+are:
+.\" are listed in Table 5-1 along with the
+.\"the associated hexadecimal code
+.\" and operation.
+.\".CP T 1
+.\"Display Functions
+.TS H
+lw(1.5i) cw(.5i) lw(2i).
+_
+.sp 6p
+.B
+Function Name Value Operation
+.sp 6p
+_
+.sp 6p
+.TH
+T{
+.ZN GXclear
+T} T{
+0x0
+T} T{
+0
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXand
+T} T{
+0x1
+T} T{
+src AND dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXandReverse
+T} T{
+0x2
+T} T{
+src AND NOT dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXcopy
+T} T{
+0x3
+T} T{
+src
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXandInverted
+T} T{
+0x4
+T} T{
+(NOT src) AND dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXnoop
+T} T{
+0x5
+T} T{
+dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXxor
+T} T{
+0x6
+T} T{
+src XOR dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXor
+T} T{
+0x7
+T} T{
+src OR dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXnor
+T} T{
+0x8
+T} T{
+(NOT src) AND (NOT dst)
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXequiv
+T} T{
+0x9
+T} T{
+(NOT src) XOR dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXinvert
+T} T{
+0xa
+T} T{
+NOT dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXorReverse
+T} T{
+0xb
+T} T{
+src OR (NOT dst)
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXcopyInverted
+T} T{
+0xc
+T} T{
+NOT src
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXorInverted
+T} T{
+0xd
+T} T{
+(NOT src) OR dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXnand
+T} T{
+0xe
+T} T{
+(NOT src) OR (NOT dst)
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXset
+T} T{
+0xf
+T} T{
+1
+T}
+.sp 6p
+_
+.TE
+.LP
+Many graphics operations depend on either pixel values or planes in a GC.
+.IN "Pixel value"
+The planes attribute is of type long, and it specifies which planes of the
+destination are to be modified, one bit per plane.
+.IN "Plane" "mask"
+A monochrome display has only one plane and
+will be the least significant bit of the word.
+As planes are added to the display hardware, they will occupy more
+significant bits in the plane mask.
+.LP
+In graphics operations, given a source and destination pixel,
+the result is computed bitwise on corresponding bits of the pixels.
+That is, a Boolean operation is performed in each bit plane.
+The plane_mask restricts the operation to a subset of planes.
+A macro constant
+.ZN AllPlanes
+can be used to refer to all planes of the screen simultaneously.
+The result is computed by the following:
+.LP
+.Ds
+((src FUNC dst) AND plane-mask) OR (dst AND (NOT plane-mask))
+.De
+.LP
+Range checking is not performed on the values for foreground,
+background, or plane_mask.
+They are simply truncated to the appropriate
+number of bits.
+The line-width is measured in pixels and either can be greater than or equal to
+one (wide line) or can be the special value zero (thin line).
+.LP
+Wide lines are drawn centered on the path described by the graphics request.
+Unless otherwise specified by the join-style or cap-style,
+the bounding box of a wide line with endpoints [x1, y1], [x2, y2] and
+width w is a rectangle with vertices at the following real coordinates:
+.LP
+.Ds
+.TA .5i 2.5i
+.ta .5i 2.5i
+[x1-(w*sn/2), y1+(w*cs/2)], [x1+(w*sn/2), y1-(w*cs/2)],
+[x2-(w*sn/2), y2+(w*cs/2)], [x2+(w*sn/2), y2-(w*cs/2)]
+.De
+.LP
+Here sn is the sine of the angle of the line,
+and cs is the cosine of the angle of the line.
+A pixel is part of the line and so is drawn
+if the center of the pixel is fully inside the bounding box
+(which is viewed as having infinitely thin edges).
+If the center of the pixel is exactly on the bounding box,
+it is part of the line if and only if the interior is immediately to its right
+(x increasing direction).
+Pixels with centers on a horizontal edge are a special case and are part of
+the line if and only if the interior or the boundary is immediately below
+(y increasing direction) and the interior or the boundary is immediately
+to the right (x increasing direction).
+.LP
+Thin lines (zero line-width) are one-pixel-wide lines drawn using an
+unspecified, device-dependent algorithm.
+There are only two constraints on this algorithm.
+.IP 1. 5
+If a line is drawn unclipped from [x1,y1] to [x2,y2] and
+if another line is drawn unclipped from [x1+dx,y1+dy] to [x2+dx,y2+dy],
+a point [x,y] is touched by drawing the first line
+if and only if the point [x+dx,y+dy] is touched by drawing the second line.
+.IP 2. 5
+The effective set of points comprising a line cannot be affected by clipping.
+That is, a point is touched in a clipped line if and only if the point
+lies inside the clipping region and the point would be touched
+by the line when drawn unclipped.
+.LP
+A wide line drawn from [x1,y1] to [x2,y2] always draws the same pixels
+as a wide line drawn from [x2,y2] to [x1,y1], not counting cap-style
+and join-style.
+It is recommended that this property be true for thin lines,
+but this is not required.
+A line-width of zero may differ from a line-width of one in which pixels are
+drawn.
+This permits the use of many manufacturers' line drawing hardware,
+which may run many times faster than the more precisely specified
+wide lines.
+.LP
+In general,
+drawing a thin line will be faster than drawing a wide line of width one.
+However, because of their different drawing algorithms,
+thin lines may not mix well aesthetically with wide lines.
+If it is desirable to obtain precise and uniform results across all displays,
+a client should always use a line-width of one rather than a line-width of zero.
+.LP
+The line-style defines which sections of a line are drawn:
+.TS
+lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i).
+T{
+.ZN LineSolid
+T} T{
+The full path of the line is drawn.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN LineDoubleDash
+T} T{
+The full path of the line is drawn,
+but the even dashes are filled differently
+from the odd dashes (see fill-style) with
+.ZN CapButt
+style used where even and odd dashes meet.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN LineOnOffDash
+T} T{
+Only the even dashes are drawn,
+and cap-style applies to
+all internal ends of the individual dashes,
+except
+.ZN CapNotLast
+is treated as
+.ZN CapButt .
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+The cap-style defines how the endpoints of a path are drawn:
+.IN "Graphics context" "path"
+.TS
+lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i).
+T{
+.ZN CapNotLast
+T} T{
+This is equivalent to
+.ZN CapButt
+except that for a line-width of zero the final endpoint is not drawn.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapButt
+T} T{
+The line is square at the endpoint (perpendicular to the slope of the line)
+with no projection beyond.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapRound
+T} T{
+The line has a circular arc with the diameter equal to the line-width,
+centered on the endpoint.
+(This is equivalent to
+.ZN CapButt
+for line-width of zero).
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapProjecting
+T} T{
+The line is square at the end, but the path continues beyond the endpoint
+for a distance equal to half the line-width.
+(This is equivalent to
+.ZN CapButt
+for line-width of zero).
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+The join-style defines how corners are drawn for wide lines:
+.TS
+lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i).
+T{
+.ZN JoinMiter
+T} T{
+The outer edges of two lines extend to meet at an angle.
+However, if the angle is less than 11 degrees,
+then a
+.ZN JoinBevel
+join-style is used instead.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN JoinRound
+T} T{
+The corner is a circular arc with the diameter equal to the line-width,
+centered on the joinpoint.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN JoinBevel
+T} T{
+The corner has
+.ZN CapButt
+endpoint styles with the triangular notch filled.
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+For a line with coincident endpoints (x1=x2, y1=y2),
+when the cap-style is applied to both endpoints,
+the semantics depends on the line-width and the cap-style:
+.TS
+lw(1.3i) lw(.5i) lw(4i).
+T{
+.ZN CapNotLast
+T} T{
+thin
+T} T{
+The results are device dependent,
+but the desired effect is that nothing is drawn.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapButt
+T} T{
+thin
+T} T{
+The results are device dependent,
+but the desired effect is that a single pixel is drawn.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapRound
+T} T{
+thin
+T} T{
+The results are the same as for
+.ZN CapButt /thin.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapProjecting
+T} T{
+thin
+T} T{
+The results are the same as for
+.ZN CapButt /thin.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapButt
+T} T{
+wide
+T} T{
+Nothing is drawn.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapRound
+T} T{
+wide
+T} T{
+The closed path is a circle, centered at the endpoint, and
+with the diameter equal to the line-width.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapProjecting
+T} T{
+wide
+T} T{
+The closed path is a square, aligned with the coordinate axes, centered at the
+endpoint, and with the sides equal to the line-width.
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+For a line with coincident endpoints (x1=x2, y1=y2),
+when the join-style is applied at one or both endpoints,
+the effect is as if the line was removed from the overall path.
+However, if the total path consists of or is reduced to a single point joined
+with itself, the effect is the same as when the cap-style is applied at both
+endpoints.
+.LP
+The tile/stipple represents an infinite two-dimensional plane,
+with the tile/stipple replicated in all dimensions.
+When that plane is superimposed on the drawable
+for use in a graphics operation, the upper-left corner
+of some instance of the tile/stipple is at the coordinates within
+the drawable specified by the tile/stipple origin.
+The tile/stipple and clip origins are interpreted relative to the
+origin of whatever destination drawable is specified in a graphics
+request.
+The tile pixmap must have the same root and depth as the GC,
+or a
+.ZN BadMatch
+error results.
+The stipple pixmap must have depth one and must have the same root as the
+GC, or a
+.ZN BadMatch
+error results.
+For stipple operations where the fill-style is
+.ZN FillStippled
+but not
+.ZN FillOpaqueStippled ,
+the stipple pattern is tiled in a
+single plane and acts as an additional clip mask to be ANDed with the clip-mask.
+Although some sizes may be faster to use than others,
+any size pixmap can be used for tiling or stippling.
+.LP
+The fill-style defines the contents of the source for line, text, and
+fill requests.
+For all text and fill requests (for example,
+.ZN XDrawText ,
+.ZN XDrawText16 ,
+.ZN XFillRectangle ,
+.ZN XFillPolygon ,
+and
+.ZN XFillArc );
+for line requests
+with line-style
+.ZN LineSolid
+(for example,
+.ZN XDrawLine ,
+.ZN XDrawSegments ,
+.ZN XDrawRectangle ,
+.ZN XDrawArc );
+and for the even dashes for line requests with line-style
+.ZN LineOnOffDash
+or
+.ZN LineDoubleDash ,
+the following apply:
+.TS
+lw(1.8i) lw(4i).
+T{
+.ZN FillSolid
+T} T{
+Foreground
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillTiled
+T} T{
+Tile
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillOpaqueStippled
+T} T{
+A tile with the same width and height as stipple,
+but with background everywhere stipple has a zero
+and with foreground everywhere stipple has a one
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillStippled
+T} T{
+Foreground masked by stipple
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+When drawing lines with line-style
+.ZN LineDoubleDash ,
+the odd dashes are controlled by the fill-style in the following manner:
+.TS
+lw(1.8i) lw(4i).
+T{
+.ZN FillSolid
+T} T{
+Background
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillTiled
+T} T{
+Same as for even dashes
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillOpaqueStippled
+T} T{
+Same as for even dashes
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillStippled
+T} T{
+Background masked by stipple
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+Storing a pixmap in a GC might or might not result in a copy
+being made.
+If the pixmap is later used as the destination for a graphics request,
+the change might or might not be reflected in the GC.
+If the pixmap is used simultaneously in a graphics request both as
+a destination and as a tile or stipple,
+the results are undefined.
+.LP
+For optimum performance,
+you should draw as much as possible with the same GC
+(without changing its components).
+The costs of changing GC components relative to using different GCs
+depend on the display hardware and the server implementation.
+It is quite likely that some amount of GC information will be
+cached in display hardware and that such hardware can only cache a small number
+of GCs.
+.LP
+The dashes value is actually a simplified form of the
+more general patterns that can be set with
+.ZN XSetDashes .
+Specifying a
+value of N is equivalent to specifying the two-element list [N, N] in
+.ZN XSetDashes .
+The value must be nonzero,
+or a
+.ZN BadValue
+error results.
+.LP
+The clip-mask restricts writes to the destination drawable.
+If the clip-mask is set to a pixmap,
+it must have depth one and have the same root as the GC,
+or a
+.ZN BadMatch
+error results.
+If clip-mask is set to
+.ZN None ,
+the pixels are always drawn regardless of the clip origin.
+The clip-mask also can be set by calling the
+.ZN XSetClipRectangles
+or
+.ZN XSetRegion
+functions.
+Only pixels where the clip-mask has a bit set to 1 are drawn.
+Pixels are not drawn outside the area covered by the clip-mask
+or where the clip-mask has a bit set to 0.
+The clip-mask affects all graphics requests.
+The clip-mask does not clip sources.
+The clip-mask origin is interpreted relative to the origin of whatever
+destination drawable is specified in a graphics request.
+.LP
+You can set the subwindow-mode to
+.ZN ClipByChildren
+or
+.ZN IncludeInferiors .
+For
+.ZN ClipByChildren ,
+both source and destination windows are
+additionally clipped by all viewable
+.ZN InputOutput
+children.
+For
+.ZN IncludeInferiors ,
+neither source nor destination window is clipped by inferiors.
+This will result in including subwindow contents in the source
+and drawing through subwindow boundaries of the destination.
+The use of
+.ZN IncludeInferiors
+on a window of one depth with mapped
+inferiors of differing depth is not illegal, but the semantics are
+undefined by the core protocol.
+.LP
+The fill-rule defines what pixels are inside (drawn) for
+paths given in
+.ZN XFillPolygon
+requests and can be set to
+.ZN EvenOddRule
+or
+.ZN WindingRule .
+For
+.ZN EvenOddRule ,
+a point is inside if
+an infinite ray with the point as origin crosses the path an odd number
+of times.
+For
+.ZN WindingRule ,
+a point is inside if an infinite ray with the
+point as origin crosses an unequal number of clockwise and
+counterclockwise directed path segments.
+A clockwise directed path segment is one that crosses the ray from left to
+right as observed from the point.
+A counterclockwise segment is one that crosses the ray from right to left
+as observed from the point.
+The case where a directed line segment is coincident with the ray is
+uninteresting because you can simply choose a different ray that is not
+coincident with a segment.
+.LP
+For both
+.ZN EvenOddRule
+and
+.ZN WindingRule ,
+a point is infinitely small,
+and the path is an infinitely thin line.
+A pixel is inside if the center point of the pixel is inside
+and the center point is not on the boundary.
+If the center point is on the boundary,
+the pixel is inside if and only if the polygon interior is immediately to
+its right (x increasing direction).
+Pixels with centers on a horizontal edge are a special case
+and are inside if and only if the polygon interior is immediately below
+(y increasing direction).
+.LP
+The arc-mode controls filling in the
+.ZN XFillArcs
+function and can be set to
+.ZN ArcPieSlice
+or
+.ZN ArcChord .
+For
+.ZN ArcPieSlice ,
+the arcs are pie-slice filled.
+For
+.ZN ArcChord ,
+the arcs are chord filled.
+.LP
+The graphics-exposure flag controls
+.ZN GraphicsExpose
+event generation
+for
+.ZN XCopyArea
+and
+.ZN XCopyPlane
+requests (and any similar requests defined by extensions).
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadAlloc
+The server failed to allocate the requested resource or server memory.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadDrawable
+A value for a Drawable argument does not name a defined Window or Pixmap.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadFont
+A value for a Font or GContext argument does not name a defined Font.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadGC
+A value for a GContext argument does not name a defined GContext.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadMatch
+An
+.ZN InputOnly
+window is used as a Drawable.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadMatch
+Some argument or pair of arguments has the correct type and range but fails
+to match in some other way required by the request.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadPixmap
+A value for a Pixmap argument does not name a defined Pixmap.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadValue
+Some numeric value falls outside the range of values accepted by the request.
+Unless a specific range is specified for an argument, the full range defined
+by the argument's type is accepted. Any argument defined as a set of
+alternatives can generate this error.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+AllPlanes(__libmansuffix__),
+XCopyArea(__libmansuffix__),
+XCreateRegion(__libmansuffix__),
+XDrawArc(__libmansuffix__),
+XDrawLine(__libmansuffix__),
+XDrawRectangle(__libmansuffix__),
+XDrawText(__libmansuffix__),
+XFillRectangle(__libmansuffix__),
+XQueryBestSize(__libmansuffix__),
+XSetArcMode(__libmansuffix__),
+XSetClipOrigin(__libmansuffix__),
+XSetFillStyle(__libmansuffix__),
+XSetFont(__libmansuffix__),
+XSetLineAttributes(__libmansuffix__),
+XSetState(__libmansuffix__),
+XSetTile(__libmansuffix__)
+.br
+\fI\*(xL\fP
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