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-.\" $Xorg: Xnest.man,v 1.3 2000/08/17 19:53:28 cpqbld Exp $
-.\" Copyright (c) 1993, 1994  X Consortium
-.\"
-.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
-.\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
-.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
-.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
-.\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
-.\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
-.\" the following conditions:
-.\"
-.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
-.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-.\"
-.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
-.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
-.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
-.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
-.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
-.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-.\"
-.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall
-.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
-.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
-.\" from the X Consortium.
-.\"
-.\" $XFree86: xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xnest/Xnest.man,v 1.6 2001/01/27 18:21:00 dawes Exp $
-.\"
-.TH Xnest __appmansuffix__ __xorgversion__
-.SH NAME
-Xnest \- a nested X server
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B Xnest
-[
-.I options
-]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B Xnest
-is both an X client and an X server.
-.B Xnest
-is a client of the real server which manages windows and graphics requests on
-its behalf.
-.B Xnest
-is a server to its own clients.
-.B Xnest
-manages windows and graphics requests on their behalf.
-To these clients,
-.B Xnest
-appears to be a conventional server.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.B Xnest
-supports all standard options of the sample server implementation.
-For more details, please see
-.BR Xserver (__appmansuffix__).
-The following additional arguments are supported as well.
-.TP
-.BI "\-display " string
-This option specifies the display name of the real server that
-.B Xnest
-should try to connect to.
-If it is not provided on the command line,
-.B Xnest
-will read the
-.I DISPLAY
-environment variable in order to find out this information.
-.TP
-.B \-sync
-This option tells
-.B Xnest
-to synchronize its window and graphics operations with the real server.
-This is a useful option for debugging, but it will slow down
-.BR Xnest 's
-performance considerably.
-It should not be used unless absolutely necessary.
-.TP
-.B \-full
-This option tells
-.B Xnest
-to utilize full regeneration of real server objects and reopen a new connection
-to the real server each time the nested server regenerates.
-The sample server implementation regenerates all objects in the server when the
-last client of this server terminates.
-When this happens,
-.B Xnest
-by default maintains the same top-level window and the same real server
-connection in each new generation.
-If the user selects full regeneration, even the top-level window and the
-connection to the real server will be regenerated for each server generation.
-.TP
-.BI "\-class " string
-This option specifies the default visual class of the nested server.
-It is similar to the
-.B \-cc
-option from the set of standard options except that it will accept a string
-rather than a number for the visual class specification.
-The
-.I string
-must be one of the following six values:
-.BR StaticGray ,
-.BR GrayScale ,
-.BR StaticColor ,
-.BR PseudoColor ,
-.BR TrueColor ,
-or
-.BR DirectColor .
-If both the
-.B \-class
-and
-.B \-cc
-options are specified, the last instance of either option takes precedence.
-The class of the default visual of the nested server need not be the same as the
-class of the default visual of the real server, but it must be supported by the
-real server.
-Use
-.BR xdpyinfo (__appmansuffix__)
-to obtain a list of supported visual classes on the real server before starting
-.BR Xnest .
-If the user chooses a static class, all the colors in the default color map will
-be preallocated.
-If the user chooses a dynamic class, colors in the default color map will be
-available to individual clients for allocation.
-.TP
-.BI "\-depth " int
-This option specifies the default visual depth of the nested server.
-The depth of the default visual of the nested server need not be the same as the
-depth of the default visual of the real server, but it must be supported by the
-real server.
-Use
-.BR xdpyinfo (__appmansuffix__)
-to obtain a list of supported visual depths on the real server before starting
-.BR Xnest .
-.TP
-.B \-sss
-This option tells
-.B Xnest
-to use the software screen saver.
-By default,
-.B Xnest
-will use the screen saver that corresponds to the hardware screen saver in the
-real server.
-Of course, even this screen saver is software-generated since
-.B Xnest
-does not control any actual hardware.
-However, it is treated as a hardware screen saver within the sample server code.
-.TP
-.B \-geometry \fIW\fBx\fIH\fB+\fIX\fB+\fIY\fP
-This option specifies the geometry parameters for the top-level
-.B Xnest
-window.
-See \(lqGEOMETRY SPECIFICATIONS\(rq in
-.BR X (__miscmansuffix__)
-for a discusson of this option's syntax.
-This window corresponds to the root window of the nested server.
-The width
-.I W
-and height
-.I H
-specified with this option will be the maximum width and height of each
-top-level
-.B Xnest
-window.
-.B Xnest
-will allow the user to make any top-level window smaller, but it will not
-actually change the size of the nested server root window.
-.B Xnest
-does not yet support the RANDR extension for resizing, rotation, and reflection
-of the root window.
-If this option is not specified,
-.B Xnest
-will choose
-.I W
-and
-.I H
-to be 3/4ths the dimensions of the root window of the real server.
-.TP
-.BI "\-bw " int
-This option specifies the border width of the top-level
-.B Xnest
-window.
-The integer parameter
-.I int
-must be positive.
-The default border width is 1.
-.TP
-.BI "\-name " string
-This option specifies the name of the top-level
-.B Xnest
-window as
-.IR string .
-The default value is the program name.
-.TP
-.BI "\-scrns " int
-This option specifies the number of screens to create in the nested server.
-For each screen,
-.B Xnest
-will create a separate top-level window.
-Each screen is referenced by the number after the dot in the client display name
-specification.
-For example,
-.B xterm \-display :1.1
-will open an
-.BR xterm (__appmansuffix__)
-client in the nested server with the display number
-.B :1
-on the second screen.
-The number of screens is limited by the hard-coded constant in the server sample
-code, which is usually 3.
-.TP
-.B \-install
-This option tells
-.B Xnest
-to do its own color map installation by bypassing the real window manager.
-For it to work properly, the user will probably have to temporarily quit the
-real window manager.
-By default,
-.B Xnest
-will keep the nested client window whose color map should be installed in the
-real server in the
-.I WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS
-property of the top-level
-.B Xnest
-window.
-If this color map is of the same visual type as the root window of the nested
-server,
-.B Xnest
-will associate this color map with the top-level
-.B Xnest
-window as well.
-Since this does not have to be the case, window managers should look primarily
-at the
-.I WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS
-property rather than the color map associated with the top-level
-.B Xnest
-window.
-.\" Is the following still true?  This sentence is several years old.
-Unfortunately, window managers are not very good at doing that yet so this
-option might come in handy.
-.TP
-.BI "\-parent " window_id
-This option tells
-.B Xnest
-to use
-.I window_id
-as the root window instead of creating a window.
-.\" XRX is dead, dead, dead.
-.\" This option is used by the xrx xnestplugin.
-.SH "EXTENDED DESCRIPTION"
-Starting up
-.B Xnest
-is just as simple as starting up
-.BR xclock (__appmansuffix__)
-from a terminal emulator.
-If a user wishes to run
-.B Xnest
-on the same
-workstation as the real server, it is important that the nested server is given
-its own listening socket address.
-Therefore, if there is a server already running on the user's workstation,
-.B Xnest
-will have to be started up with a new display number.
-Since there is usually no more than one server running on a workstation,
-specifying
-.RB \(oq "Xnest :1" \(cq
-on the command line will be sufficient for most users.
-For each server running on the workstation, the display number needs to be
-incremented by one.
-Thus, if you wish to start another
-.BR Xnest ,
-you will need to type
-.RB \(oq "Xnest :2" \(cq
-on the command line.
-.PP
-To run clients in the nested server, each client needs to be given the same
-display number as the nested server.
-For example,
-.RB \(oq "xterm \-display :1" \(cq
-will start up an
-.B xterm
-process in the first nested server
-and
-.RB \(oq "xterm \-display :2" \(cq
-will start an
-.B xterm
-in the second nested server from the example above.
-Additional clients can be started from these
-.BR xterm s
-in each nested server.
-.SS "Xnest as a client"
-.B Xnest
-behaves and looks to the real server and other real clients as another real
-client.
-It is a rather demanding client, however, since almost any window or graphics
-request from a nested client will result in a window or graphics request from
-.B Xnest
-to the real server.
-Therefore, it is desirable that
-.B Xnest
-and the real server are on a local network, or even better, on the same machine.
-.B Xnest
-assumes that the real server supports the SHAPE extension.
-There is no way to turn off this assumption dynamically.
-.B Xnest
-can be compiled without the SHAPE extension built in, in which case the real
-server need not support it.
-Dynamic SHAPE extension selection support may be considered in further
-development of
-.BR Xnest .
-.PP
-Since
-.B Xnest
-need not use the same default visual as the the real server, the top-level
-window of the
-.B Xnest
-client always has its own color map.
-This implies that other windows' colors will not be displayed properly while the
-keyboard or pointer focus is in the
-.B Xnest
-window, unless the real server has support for more than one installed color map
-at any time.
-The color map associated with the top window of the
-.B Xnest
-client need not be the appropriate color map that the nested server wants
-installed in the real server.
-In the case that a nested client attempts to install a color map of a different
-visual from the default visual of the nested server,
-.B Xnest
-will put the top window of this nested client and all other top windows of the
-nested clients that use the same color map into the
-.I WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS
-property of the top-level
-.B Xnest
-window on the real server.
-Thus, it is important that the real window manager that manages the
-.B Xnest
-top-level window looks at the
-.I WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS
-property rather than the color map associated with the top-level
-.B Xnest
-window.
-Since most window managers don't yet appear to implement this convention
-properly,
-.B Xnest
-can optionally do direct installation of color maps into the real server
-bypassing the real window manager.
-If the user chooses this option, it is usually necessary to temporarily disable
-the real window manager since it will interfere with the
-.B Xnest
-scheme of color map installation.
-.PP
-Keyboard and pointer control procedures of the nested server change the keyboard
-and pointer control parameters of the real server.
-Therefore, after
-.B Xnest
-is started up, it will change the keyboard and pointer controls of the real
-server to its own internal defaults.
-.SS "Xnest as a server"
-.B Xnest
-as a server looks exactly like a real server to its own clients.
-For the clients, there is no way of telling if they are running on a real or a
-nested server.
-.PP
-As already mentioned,
-.B Xnest
-is a very user-friendly server when it comes to customization.
-.B Xnest
-will pick up a number of command-line arguments that can configure its default
-visual class and depth, number of screens, etc.
-.PP
-The only apparent intricacy from the users' perspective about using
-.B Xnest
-as a server is the selection of fonts.
-.B Xnest
-manages fonts by loading them locally and then passing the font name to the real
-server and asking it to load that font remotely.
-This approach avoids the overload of sending the glyph bits across the network
-for every text operation, although it is really a bug.
-The consequence of this approach is that the user will have to worry about two
-different font paths \(em a local one for the nested server and a remote one for
-the real server \(em since
-.B Xnest
-does not propagate its font path to the real server.
-The reason for this is because real and nested servers need not run on the same
-file system which makes the two font paths mutually incompatible.
-Thus, if there is a font in the local font path of the nested server, there is
-no guarantee that this font exists in the remote font path of the real server.
-The
-.BR xlsfonts (__appmansuffix__)
-client, if run on the nested server, will list fonts in the local font path and,
-if run on the real server, will list fonts in the remote font path.
-Before a font can be successfully opened by the nested server, it has to exist
-in local and remote font paths.
-It is the users' responsibility to make sure that this is the case.
-.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
-Make dynamic the requirement for the SHAPE extension in the real server, rather
-than having to recompile
-.B Xnest
-to turn this requirement on and off.
-.PP
-Perhaps there should be a command-line option to tell
-.B Xnest
-to inherit the keyboard and pointer control parameters from the real server
-rather than imposing its own.
-.PP
-.B Xnest
-should read a customization input file to provide even greater freedom and
-simplicity in selecting the desired layout.
-.PP
-There is no support for backing store and save unders, but this should also be
-considered.
-.PP
-.\" Is the following still true now that client-side font rendering is
-.\" considered the way to go?
-The proper implementation of fonts should be moved into the
-.I os
-layer.
-.SH BUGS
-Doesn't run well on servers supporting different visual depths.
-.PP
-Still crashes randomly.
-.PP
-Probably has some memory leaks.
-.SH AUTHOR
-Davor Matic, MIT X Consortium
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR Xserver (__appmansuffix__),
-.BR xdpyinfo (__appmansuffix__),
-.BR X (__miscmansuffix__)