From 23e2ddeb0f81d5ee9c6d01cf0b768eeb1c27555c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: marha Date: Sat, 22 May 2010 13:47:02 +0000 Subject: xserver git update 22/5/2010 --- xorg-server/doc/Xserver.man.pre | 1192 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------- 1 file changed, 592 insertions(+), 600 deletions(-) (limited to 'xorg-server/doc') diff --git a/xorg-server/doc/Xserver.man.pre b/xorg-server/doc/Xserver.man.pre index 8144c8ad4..4926960c2 100644 --- a/xorg-server/doc/Xserver.man.pre +++ b/xorg-server/doc/Xserver.man.pre @@ -1,600 +1,592 @@ -.\" $Xorg: Xserver.man,v 1.4 2001/02/09 02:04:07 xorgcvs Exp $ -.\" $XdotOrg: xserver/xorg/doc/Xserver.man.pre,v 1.4 2005/12/23 20:11:12 alanc Exp $ -.\" Copyright 1984 - 1991, 1993, 1994, 1998 The Open Group -.\" -.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its -.\" documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that -.\" the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that -.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting -.\" documentation. -.\" -.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included -.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. -.\" -.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS -.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF -.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. -.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OPEN GROUP BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR -.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, -.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR -.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of The Open Group shall -.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or -.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization -.\" from The Open Group. -.\" $XFree86: xc/programs/Xserver/Xserver.man,v 3.31 2004/01/10 22:27:46 dawes Exp $ -.\" shorthand for double quote that works everywhere. -.ds q \N'34' -.TH XSERVER 1 __xorgversion__ -.SH NAME -Xserver \- X Window System display server -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B X -[option ...] -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I X -is the generic name for the X Window System display server. It is -frequently a link or a copy of the appropriate server binary for -driving the most frequently used server on a given machine. -.SH "STARTING THE SERVER" -The X server is usually started from the X Display Manager program -\fIxdm\fP(1) or a similar display manager program. -This utility is run from the system boot files and takes care of keeping -the server running, prompting for usernames and passwords, and starting up -the user sessions. -.PP -Installations that run more than one window system may need to use the -\fIxinit\fP(1) utility instead of a display manager. However, \fIxinit\fP is -to be considered a tool for building startup scripts and is not -intended for use by end users. Site administrators are \fBstrongly\fP -urged to use a display manager, or build other interfaces for novice users. -.PP -The X server may also be started directly by the user, though this -method is usually reserved for testing and is not recommended for -normal operation. On some platforms, the user must have special -permission to start the X server, often because access to certain -devices (e.g. \fI/dev/mouse\fP) is restricted. -.PP -When the X server starts up, it typically takes over the display. If -you are running on a workstation whose console is the display, you may -not be able to log into the console while the server is running. -.SH OPTIONS -Many X servers have device-specific command line options. See the manual -pages for the individual servers for more details; a list of -server-specific manual pages is provided in the SEE ALSO section below. -.PP -All of the X servers accept the command line options described below. -Some X servers may have alternative ways of providing the parameters -described here, but the values provided via the command line options -should override values specified via other mechanisms. -.TP 8 -.B :\fIdisplaynumber\fP -The X server runs as the given \fIdisplaynumber\fP, which by default is 0. -If multiple X servers are to run simultaneously on a host, each must have -a unique display number. See the DISPLAY -NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to -specify which display number clients should try to use. -.TP 8 -.B \-a \fInumber\fP -sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how much is reported to how much -the user actually moved the pointer). -.TP 8 -.B \-ac -disables host-based access control mechanisms. Enables access by any host, -and permits any host to modify the access control list. -Use with extreme caution. -This option exists primarily for running test suites remotely. -.TP 8 -.B \-audit \fIlevel\fP -sets the audit trail level. The default level is 1, meaning only connection -rejections are reported. Level 2 additionally reports all successful -connections and disconnects. Level 4 enables messages from the -SECURITY extension, if present, including generation and revocation of -authorizations and violations of the security policy. -Level 0 turns off the audit trail. -Audit lines are sent as standard error output. -.TP 8 -.B \-auth \fIauthorization-file\fP -specifies a file which contains a collection of authorization records used -to authenticate access. See also the \fIxdm\fP(1) and -\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual pages. -.TP 8 -.B \-bs -disables backing store support on all screens. -.TP 8 -.B \-br -sets the default root window to solid black instead of the standard root weave -pattern. -.TP 8 -.B \-c -turns off key-click. -.TP 8 -.B c \fIvolume\fP -sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100). -.TP 8 -.B \-cc \fIclass\fP -sets the visual class for the root window of color screens. -The class numbers are as specified in the X protocol. -Not obeyed by all servers. -.ig -.TP 8 -.B \-config \fIfilename\fP -reads more options from the given file. Options in the file may be separated -by newlines if desired. If a '#' character appears on a line, all characters -between it and the next newline are ignored, providing a simple commenting -facility. The \fB\-config\fP option itself may appear in the file. -.BR NOTE : -This option is disabled when the Xserver is run with an effective uid -different from the user's real uid. -.. -.TP 8 -.B \-core -causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal errors. -.TP 8 -.B \-deferglyphs \fIwhichfonts\fP -specifies the types of fonts for which the server should attempt to use -deferred glyph loading. \fIwhichfonts\fP can be all (all fonts), -none (no fonts), or 16 (16 bit fonts only). -.TP 8 -.B \-dpi \fIresolution\fP -sets the resolution for all screens, in dots per inch. -To be used when the server cannot determine the screen size(s) from the -hardware. -.TP 8 -.B dpms -enables DPMS (display power management services), where supported. The -default state is platform and configuration specific. -.TP 8 -.B \-dpms -disables DPMS (display power management services). The default state -is platform and configuration specific. -.TP 8 -.BI \-extension extensionName -disables named extension. If an unknown extension name is specified, -a list of accepted extension names is printed. -.TP 8 -.BI \+extension extensionName -enables named extension. If an unknown extension name is specified, -a list of accepted extension names is printed. -.TP 8 -.B \-f \fIvolume\fP -sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100). -.TP 8 -.B \-fc \fIcursorFont\fP -sets default cursor font. -.TP 8 -.B \-fn \fIfont\fP -sets the default font. -.TP 8 -.B \-fp \fIfontPath\fP -sets the search path for fonts. This path is a comma separated list -of directories which the X server searches for font databases. -See the FONTS section of this manual page for more information and the default -list. -.TP 8 -.B \-help -prints a usage message. -.TP 8 -.B \-I -causes all remaining command line arguments to be ignored. -.TP 8 -.B \-maxbigreqsize \fIsize\fP -sets the maximum big request to -.I size -MB. -.TP 8 -.B \-nolisten \fItrans-type\fP -disables a transport type. For example, TCP/IP connections can be disabled -with -.BR "\-nolisten tcp" . -This option may be issued multiple times to disable listening to different -transport types. -.TP 8 -.B \-noreset -prevents a server reset when the last client connection is closed. This -overrides a previous -.B \-terminate -command line option. -.TP 8 -.B \-p \fIminutes\fP -sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes. -.TP 8 -.B \-pn -permits the server to continue running if it fails to establish all of -its well-known sockets (connection points for clients), but -establishes at least one. This option is set by default. -.TP 8 -.B \-nopn -causes the server to exit if it fails to establish all of its well-known -sockets (connection points for clients). -.TP 8 -.B \-r -turns off auto-repeat. -.TP 8 -.B r -turns on auto-repeat. -.TP 8 -.B -retro -starts the stipple with the classic stipple and cursor visible. The default -is to start with a black root window, and to suppress display of the cursor -until the first time an application calls XDefineCursor(). For the Xorg -server, this also sets the default for the DontZap option to FALSE. For -kdrive servers, this implies -zap. -.TP 8 -.B \-s \fIminutes\fP -sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes. -.TP 8 -.B \-su -disables save under support on all screens. -.TP 8 -.B \-t \fInumber\fP -sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e. after how many pixels -pointer acceleration should take effect). -.TP 8 -.B \-terminate -causes the server to terminate at server reset, instead of continuing to run. -This overrides a previous -.B \-noreset -command line option. -.TP 8 -.B \-to \fIseconds\fP -sets default connection timeout in seconds. -.TP 8 -.B \-tst -disables all testing extensions (e.g., XTEST, XTrap, XTestExtension1, RECORD). -.TP 8 -.B tty\fIxx\fP -ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from init). -.TP 8 -.B v -sets video-off screen-saver preference. -.TP 8 -.B \-v -sets video-on screen-saver preference. -.TP 8 -.B \-wm -forces the default backing-store of all windows to be WhenMapped. This -is a backdoor way of getting backing-store to apply to all windows. -Although all mapped windows will have backing store, the backing store -attribute value reported by the server for a window will be the last -value established by a client. If it has never been set by a client, -the server will report the default value, NotUseful. This behavior is -required by the X protocol, which allows the server to exceed the -client's backing store expectations but does not provide a way to tell -the client that it is doing so. -.TP 8 -.B \-wr -sets the default root window to solid white instead of the standard root weave -pattern. -.TP 8 -.B \-x \fIextension\fP -loads the specified extension at init. -This is a no-op for most implementations. -.TP 8 -.B [+-]xinerama -enables(+) or disables(-) the XINERAMA extension. The default state is -platform and configuration specific. -.SH SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS -Some X servers accept the following options: -.TP 8 -.B \-ld \fIkilobytes\fP -sets the data space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes. -A value of zero makes the data size as large as possible. The default value -of \-1 leaves the data space limit unchanged. -.TP 8 -.B \-lf \fIfiles\fP -sets the number-of-open-files limit of the server to the specified number. -A value of zero makes the limit as large as possible. The default value -of \-1 leaves the limit unchanged. -.TP 8 -.B \-ls \fIkilobytes\fP -sets the stack space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes. -A value of zero makes the stack size as large as possible. The default value -of \-1 leaves the stack space limit unchanged. -.TP 8 -.B \-logo -turns on the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver. -There is currently no way to change this from a client. -.TP 8 -.B nologo -turns off the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver. -There is currently no way to change this from a client. -.TP 8 -.B \-render -.BR default | mono | gray | color -sets the color allocation policy that will be used by the render extension. -.RS 8 -.TP 8 -.I default -selects the default policy defined for the display depth of the X -server. -.TP 8 -.I mono -don't use any color cell. -.TP 8 -.I gray -use a gray map of 13 color cells for the X render extension. -.TP 8 -.I color -use a color cube of at most 4*4*4 colors (that is 64 color cells). -.RE -.TP 8 -.B \-dumbSched -disables smart scheduling on platforms that support the smart scheduler. -.TP -.B \-schedInterval \fIinterval\fP -sets the smart scheduler's scheduling interval to -.I interval -milliseconds. -.SH XDMCP OPTIONS -X servers that support XDMCP have the following options. -See the \fIX Display Manager Control Protocol\fP specification for more -information. -.TP 8 -.B \-query \fIhostname\fP -enables XDMCP and sends Query packets to the specified -.IR hostname . -.TP 8 -.B \-broadcast -enable XDMCP and broadcasts BroadcastQuery packets to the network. The -first responding display manager will be chosen for the session. -.TP 8 -.B \-multicast [\fIaddress\fP [\fIhop count\fP]] -Enable XDMCP and multicast BroadcastQuery packets to the network. -The first responding display manager is chosen for the session. If an -address is specified, the multicast is sent to that address. If no -address is specified, the multicast is sent to the default XDMCP IPv6 -multicast group. If a hop count is specified, it is used as the maximum -hop count for the multicast. If no hop count is specified, the multicast -is set to a maximum of 1 hop, to prevent the multicast from being routed -beyond the local network. -.TP 8 -.B \-indirect \fIhostname\fP -enables XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the specified -.IR hostname . -.TP 8 -.B \-port \fIport-number\fP -uses the specified \fIport-number\fP for XDMCP packets, instead of the -default. This option must be specified before any \-query, \-broadcast, -\-multicast, or \-indirect options. -.TP 8 -.B \-from \fIlocal-address\fP -specifies the local address to connect from (useful if the connecting host -has multiple network interfaces). The \fIlocal-address\fP may be expressed -in any form acceptable to the host platform's \fIgethostbyname\fP(3) -implementation. -.TP 8 -.B \-once -causes the server to terminate (rather than reset) when the XDMCP session -ends. -.TP 8 -.B \-class \fIdisplay-class\fP -XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in resource lookup for -display-specific options. This option sets that value, by default it -is "MIT-Unspecified" (not a very useful value). -.TP 8 -.B \-cookie \fIxdm-auth-bits\fP -When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key is shared between the -server and the manager. This option sets the value of that private -data (not that it is very private, being on the command line!). -.TP 8 -.B \-displayID \fIdisplay-id\fP -Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows the display manager to -identify each display so that it can locate the shared key. -.SH XKEYBOARD OPTIONS -X servers that support the XKEYBOARD (a.k.a. \*qXKB\*q) extension accept the -following options. All layout files specified on the command line must be -located in the XKB base directory or a subdirectory, and specified as the -relative path from the XKB base directory. The default XKB base directory is -.IR __projectroot__/lib/X11/xkb . -.TP 8 -.BR [+-]accessx " [ \fItimeout\fP [ \fItimeout_mask\fP [ \fIfeedback\fP [ \fIoptions_mask\fP ] ] ] ]" -enables(+) or disables(-) AccessX key sequences. -.TP 8 -.B \-xkbdir \fIdirectory\fP -base directory for keyboard layout files. This option is not available -for setuid X servers (i.e., when the X server's real and effective uids -are different). -.TP 8 -.B \-ardelay \fImilliseconds\fP -sets the autorepeat delay (length of time in milliseconds that a key must -be depressed before autorepeat starts). -.TP 8 -.B \-arinterval \fImilliseconds\fP -sets the autorepeat interval (length of time in milliseconds that should -elapse between autorepeat-generated keystrokes). -.TP 8 -.B \-xkbmap \fIfilename\fP -loads keyboard description in \fIfilename\fP on server startup. -.SH "NETWORK CONNECTIONS" -The X server supports client connections via a platform-dependent subset of -the following transport types: TCP\/IP, Unix Domain sockets, DECnet, -and several varieties of SVR4 local connections. See the DISPLAY -NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to -specify which transport type clients should try to use. -.SH GRANTING ACCESS -The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the following -authorization protocols: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1, -XDM-AUTHORIZATION-2, SUN-DES-1, and MIT-KERBEROS-5. See the -\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page for information on the -operation of these protocols. -.PP -Authorization data required by the above protocols is passed to the -server in a private file named with the \fB\-auth\fP command line -option. Each time the server is about to accept the first connection -after a reset (or when the server is starting), it reads this file. -If this file contains any authorization records, the local host is not -automatically allowed access to the server, and only clients which -send one of the authorization records contained in the file in the -connection setup information will be allowed access. See the -\fIXau\fP manual page for a description of the binary format of this -file. See \fIxauth\fP(1) for maintenance of this file, and distribution -of its contents to remote hosts. -.PP -The X server also uses a host-based access control list for deciding -whether or not to accept connections from clients on a particular machine. -If no other authorization mechanism is being used, -this list initially consists of the host on which the server is running as -well as any machines listed in the file \fI/etc/X\fBn\fI.hosts\fR, where -\fBn\fP is the display number of the server. Each line of the file should -contain either an Internet hostname (e.g. expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a DECnet -hostname in double colon format (e.g. hydra::) or a complete name in the format -\fIfamily\fP:\fIname\fP as described in the \fIxhost\fP(1) manual page. -There should be no leading or trailing spaces on any lines. For example: -.sp -.in +8 -.nf -joesworkstation -corporate.company.com -star:: -inet:bigcpu -local: -.fi -.in -8 -.PP -Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or disable access -control using the \fIxhost\fP command from the same machine as the server. -.PP -If the X FireWall Proxy (\fIxfwp\fP) is being used without a sitepolicy, -host-based authorization must be turned on for clients to be able to -connect to the X server via the \fIxfwp\fP. If \fIxfwp\fP is run without -a configuration file and thus no sitepolicy is defined, if \fIxfwp\fP -is using an X server where xhost + has been run to turn off host-based -authorization checks, when a client tries to connect to this X server -via \fIxfwp\fP, the X server will deny the connection. See \fIxfwp\fP(1) -for more information about this proxy. -.PP -The X protocol intrinsically does not have any notion of window operation -permissions or place any restrictions on what a client can do; if a program can -connect to a display, it has full run of the screen. -X servers that support the SECURITY extension fare better because clients -can be designated untrusted via the authorization they use to connect; see -the \fIxauth\fP(1) manual page for details. Restrictions are imposed -on untrusted clients that curtail the mischief they can do. See the SECURITY -extension specification for a complete list of these restrictions. -.PP -Sites that have better -authentication and authorization systems might wish to make -use of the hooks in the libraries and the server to provide additional -security models. -.SH SIGNALS -The X server attaches special meaning to the following signals: -.TP 8 -.I SIGHUP -This signal causes the server to close all existing connections, free all -resources, and restore all defaults. It is sent by the display manager -whenever the main user's main application (usually an \fIxterm\fP or window -manager) exits to force the server to clean up and prepare for the next -user. -.TP 8 -.I SIGTERM -This signal causes the server to exit cleanly. -.TP 8 -.I SIGUSR1 -This signal is used quite differently from either of the above. When the -server starts, it checks to see if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN -instead of the usual SIG_DFL. In this case, the server sends a SIGUSR1 to -its parent process after it has set up the various connection schemes. -\fIXdm\fP uses this feature to recognize when connecting to the server -is possible. -.SH FONTS -The X server can obtain fonts from directories and/or from font servers. -The list of directories and font servers -the X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled -by the \fIfont path\fP. -.LP -The default font path is -__default_font_path__ . -.LP -A special kind of directory can be specified using the \fBcatalogue\fP: -prefix. Directories specified this way can contain symlinks pointing to the -real font directories. See the FONTPATH.D section for details. -.LP -The font path can be set with the \fB\-fp\fP option or by \fIxset\fP(1) -after the server has started. -.SH "FONTPATH.D" -You can specify a special kind of font path in the form \fBcatalogue:\fR. -The directory specified after the catalogue: prefix will be scanned for symlinks -and each symlink destination will be added as a local fontfile FPE. -.PP -The symlink can be suffixed by attributes such as '\fBunscaled\fR', which -will be passed through to the underlying fontfile FPE. The only exception is -the newly introduced '\fBpri\fR' attribute, which will be used for ordering -the font paths specified by the symlinks. - -An example configuration: - -.nf - 75dpi:unscaled:pri=20 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi - ghostscript:pri=60 \-> /usr/share/fonts/default/ghostscript - misc:unscaled:pri=10 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc - type1:pri=40 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/Type1 - type1:pri=50 \-> /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1 -.fi - -This will add /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc as the first FPE with the attribute -'unscaled', second FPE will be /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi, also with -the attribute unscaled etc. This is functionally equivalent to setting -the following font path: - -.nf - /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc:unscaled, - /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi:unscaled, - /usr/share/X11/fonts/Type1, - /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1, - /usr/share/fonts/default/ghostscript -.fi - -.SH FILES -.TP 30 -.I /etc/X\fBn\fP.hosts -Initial access control list for display number \fBn\fP -.TP 30 -.IR __datadir__/fonts/X11/misc , __datadir__/fonts/X11/75dpi , __datadir__/fonts/X11/100dpi -Bitmap font directories -.TP 30 -.IR __datadir__/fonts/X11/TTF , __datadir__/fonts/X11/Type1 -Outline font directories -.TP 30 -.I /tmp/.X11-unix/X\fBn\fP -Unix domain socket for display number \fBn\fP -.TP 30 -.I /usr/adm/X\fBn\fPmsgs -Error log file for display number \fBn\fP if run from \fIinit\fP(__adminmansuffix__) -.TP 30 -.I __projectroot__/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-errors -Default error log file if the server is run from \fIxdm\fP(1) -.SH "SEE ALSO" -General information: \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) -.PP -Protocols: -.I "X Window System Protocol," -.I "The X Font Service Protocol," -.I "X Display Manager Control Protocol" -.PP -Fonts: \fIbdftopcf\fP(1), \fImkfontdir\fP(1), \fImkfontscale\fP(1), -\fIxfs\fP(1), \fIxlsfonts\fP(1), \fIxfontsel\fP(1), \fIxfd\fP(1), -.I "X Logical Font Description Conventions" -.PP -Security: \fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__), \fIxauth\fP(1), \fIXau\fP(1), -\fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxhost\fP(1), \fIxfwp\fP(1), -.I "Security Extension Specification" -.PP -Starting the server: \fIstartx\fP(1), \fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxinit\fP(1) -.PP -Controlling the server once started: \fIxset\fP(1), \fIxsetroot\fP(1), -\fIxhost\fP(1) -.PP -Server-specific man pages: -\fIXorg\fP(1), \fIXdmx\fP(1), \fIXephyr\fP(1), \fIXnest\fP(1), -\fIXvfb\fP(1), \fIXDarwin\fP(1), \fIXWin\fP(1). -.PP -Server internal documentation: -.I "Definition of the Porting Layer for the X v11 Sample Server" -.SH AUTHORS -The sample server was originally written by Susan Angebranndt, Raymond -Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd Newman, from Digital Equipment -Corporation, with support from a large cast. It has since been -extensively rewritten by Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT. -Dave Wiggins took over post-R5 and made substantial improvements. +.\" $Xorg: Xserver.man,v 1.4 2001/02/09 02:04:07 xorgcvs Exp $ +.\" $XdotOrg: xserver/xorg/doc/Xserver.man.pre,v 1.4 2005/12/23 20:11:12 alanc Exp $ +.\" Copyright 1984 - 1991, 1993, 1994, 1998 The Open Group +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its +.\" documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that +.\" the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting +.\" documentation. +.\" +.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included +.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS +.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF +.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. +.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OPEN GROUP BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR +.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, +.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR +.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. +.\" +.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of The Open Group shall +.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or +.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization +.\" from The Open Group. +.\" $XFree86: xc/programs/Xserver/Xserver.man,v 3.31 2004/01/10 22:27:46 dawes Exp $ +.\" shorthand for double quote that works everywhere. +.ds q \N'34' +.TH XSERVER 1 __xorgversion__ +.SH NAME +Xserver \- X Window System display server +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B X +[option ...] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.I X +is the generic name for the X Window System display server. It is +frequently a link or a copy of the appropriate server binary for +driving the most frequently used server on a given machine. +.SH "STARTING THE SERVER" +The X server is usually started from the X Display Manager program +\fIxdm\fP(1) or a similar display manager program. +This utility is run from the system boot files and takes care of keeping +the server running, prompting for usernames and passwords, and starting up +the user sessions. +.PP +Installations that run more than one window system may need to use the +\fIxinit\fP(1) utility instead of a display manager. However, \fIxinit\fP is +to be considered a tool for building startup scripts and is not +intended for use by end users. Site administrators are \fBstrongly\fP +urged to use a display manager, or build other interfaces for novice users. +.PP +The X server may also be started directly by the user, though this +method is usually reserved for testing and is not recommended for +normal operation. On some platforms, the user must have special +permission to start the X server, often because access to certain +devices (e.g. \fI/dev/mouse\fP) is restricted. +.PP +When the X server starts up, it typically takes over the display. If +you are running on a workstation whose console is the display, you may +not be able to log into the console while the server is running. +.SH OPTIONS +Many X servers have device-specific command line options. See the manual +pages for the individual servers for more details; a list of +server-specific manual pages is provided in the SEE ALSO section below. +.PP +All of the X servers accept the command line options described below. +Some X servers may have alternative ways of providing the parameters +described here, but the values provided via the command line options +should override values specified via other mechanisms. +.TP 8 +.B :\fIdisplaynumber\fP +The X server runs as the given \fIdisplaynumber\fP, which by default is 0. +If multiple X servers are to run simultaneously on a host, each must have +a unique display number. See the DISPLAY +NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to +specify which display number clients should try to use. +.TP 8 +.B \-a \fInumber\fP +sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how much is reported to how much +the user actually moved the pointer). +.TP 8 +.B \-ac +disables host-based access control mechanisms. Enables access by any host, +and permits any host to modify the access control list. +Use with extreme caution. +This option exists primarily for running test suites remotely. +.TP 8 +.B \-audit \fIlevel\fP +sets the audit trail level. The default level is 1, meaning only connection +rejections are reported. Level 2 additionally reports all successful +connections and disconnects. Level 4 enables messages from the +SECURITY extension, if present, including generation and revocation of +authorizations and violations of the security policy. +Level 0 turns off the audit trail. +Audit lines are sent as standard error output. +.TP 8 +.B \-auth \fIauthorization-file\fP +specifies a file which contains a collection of authorization records used +to authenticate access. See also the \fIxdm\fP(1) and +\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual pages. +.TP 8 +.B \-br +sets the default root window to solid black instead of the standard root weave +pattern. This is the default unless -retro or -wr is specified. +.TP 8 +.B \-bs +disables backing store support on all screens. +.TP 8 +.B \-c +turns off key-click. +.TP 8 +.B c \fIvolume\fP +sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100). +.TP 8 +.B \-cc \fIclass\fP +sets the visual class for the root window of color screens. +The class numbers are as specified in the X protocol. +Not obeyed by all servers. +.TP 8 +.B \-core +causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal errors. +.TP 8 +.B \-deferglyphs \fIwhichfonts\fP +specifies the types of fonts for which the server should attempt to use +deferred glyph loading. \fIwhichfonts\fP can be all (all fonts), +none (no fonts), or 16 (16 bit fonts only). +.TP 8 +.B \-dpi \fIresolution\fP +sets the resolution for all screens, in dots per inch. +To be used when the server cannot determine the screen size(s) from the +hardware. +.TP 8 +.B dpms +enables DPMS (display power management services), where supported. The +default state is platform and configuration specific. +.TP 8 +.B \-dpms +disables DPMS (display power management services). The default state +is platform and configuration specific. +.TP 8 +.BI \-extension extensionName +disables named extension. If an unknown extension name is specified, +a list of accepted extension names is printed. +.TP 8 +.BI \+extension extensionName +enables named extension. If an unknown extension name is specified, +a list of accepted extension names is printed. +.TP 8 +.B \-f \fIvolume\fP +sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100). +.TP 8 +.B \-fc \fIcursorFont\fP +sets default cursor font. +.TP 8 +.B \-fn \fIfont\fP +sets the default font. +.TP 8 +.B \-fp \fIfontPath\fP +sets the search path for fonts. This path is a comma separated list +of directories which the X server searches for font databases. +See the FONTS section of this manual page for more information and the default +list. +.TP 8 +.B \-help +prints a usage message. +.TP 8 +.B \-I +causes all remaining command line arguments to be ignored. +.TP 8 +.B \-maxbigreqsize \fIsize\fP +sets the maximum big request to +.I size +MB. +.TP 8 +.B \-nocursor +disable the display of the pointer cursor. +.TP 8 +.B \-nolisten \fItrans-type\fP +disables a transport type. For example, TCP/IP connections can be disabled +with +.BR "\-nolisten tcp" . +This option may be issued multiple times to disable listening to different +transport types. +.TP 8 +.B \-noreset +prevents a server reset when the last client connection is closed. This +overrides a previous +.B \-terminate +command line option. +.TP 8 +.B \-p \fIminutes\fP +sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes. +.TP 8 +.B \-pn +permits the server to continue running if it fails to establish all of +its well-known sockets (connection points for clients), but +establishes at least one. This option is set by default. +.TP 8 +.B \-nopn +causes the server to exit if it fails to establish all of its well-known +sockets (connection points for clients). +.TP 8 +.B \-r +turns off auto-repeat. +.TP 8 +.B r +turns on auto-repeat. +.TP 8 +.B -retro +starts the stipple with the classic stipple and cursor visible. The default +is to start with a black root window, and to suppress display of the cursor +until the first time an application calls XDefineCursor(). For the Xorg +server, this also sets the default for the DontZap option to FALSE. For +kdrive servers, this implies -zap. +.TP 8 +.B \-s \fIminutes\fP +sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes. +.TP 8 +.B \-su +disables save under support on all screens. +.TP 8 +.B \-t \fInumber\fP +sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e. after how many pixels +pointer acceleration should take effect). +.TP 8 +.B \-terminate +causes the server to terminate at server reset, instead of continuing to run. +This overrides a previous +.B \-noreset +command line option. +.TP 8 +.B \-to \fIseconds\fP +sets default connection timeout in seconds. +.TP 8 +.B \-tst +disables all testing extensions (e.g., XTEST, XTrap, XTestExtension1, RECORD). +.TP 8 +.B tty\fIxx\fP +ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from init). +.TP 8 +.B v +sets video-off screen-saver preference. +.TP 8 +.B \-v +sets video-on screen-saver preference. +.TP 8 +.B \-wm +forces the default backing-store of all windows to be WhenMapped. This +is a backdoor way of getting backing-store to apply to all windows. +Although all mapped windows will have backing store, the backing store +attribute value reported by the server for a window will be the last +value established by a client. If it has never been set by a client, +the server will report the default value, NotUseful. This behavior is +required by the X protocol, which allows the server to exceed the +client's backing store expectations but does not provide a way to tell +the client that it is doing so. +.TP 8 +.B \-wr +sets the default root window to solid white instead of the standard root weave +pattern. +.TP 8 +.B \-x \fIextension\fP +loads the specified extension at init. +This is a no-op for most implementations. +.TP 8 +.B [+-]xinerama +enables(+) or disables(-) the XINERAMA extension. The default state is +platform and configuration specific. +.SH SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS +Some X servers accept the following options: +.TP 8 +.B \-ld \fIkilobytes\fP +sets the data space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes. +A value of zero makes the data size as large as possible. The default value +of \-1 leaves the data space limit unchanged. +.TP 8 +.B \-lf \fIfiles\fP +sets the number-of-open-files limit of the server to the specified number. +A value of zero makes the limit as large as possible. The default value +of \-1 leaves the limit unchanged. +.TP 8 +.B \-ls \fIkilobytes\fP +sets the stack space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes. +A value of zero makes the stack size as large as possible. The default value +of \-1 leaves the stack space limit unchanged. +.TP 8 +.B \-logo +turns on the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver. +There is currently no way to change this from a client. +.TP 8 +.B nologo +turns off the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver. +There is currently no way to change this from a client. +.TP 8 +.B \-render +.BR default | mono | gray | color +sets the color allocation policy that will be used by the render extension. +.RS 8 +.TP 8 +.I default +selects the default policy defined for the display depth of the X +server. +.TP 8 +.I mono +don't use any color cell. +.TP 8 +.I gray +use a gray map of 13 color cells for the X render extension. +.TP 8 +.I color +use a color cube of at most 4*4*4 colors (that is 64 color cells). +.RE +.TP 8 +.B \-dumbSched +disables smart scheduling on platforms that support the smart scheduler. +.TP +.B \-schedInterval \fIinterval\fP +sets the smart scheduler's scheduling interval to +.I interval +milliseconds. +.SH XDMCP OPTIONS +X servers that support XDMCP have the following options. +See the \fIX Display Manager Control Protocol\fP specification for more +information. +.TP 8 +.B \-query \fIhostname\fP +enables XDMCP and sends Query packets to the specified +.IR hostname . +.TP 8 +.B \-broadcast +enable XDMCP and broadcasts BroadcastQuery packets to the network. The +first responding display manager will be chosen for the session. +.TP 8 +.B \-multicast [\fIaddress\fP [\fIhop count\fP]] +Enable XDMCP and multicast BroadcastQuery packets to the network. +The first responding display manager is chosen for the session. If an +address is specified, the multicast is sent to that address. If no +address is specified, the multicast is sent to the default XDMCP IPv6 +multicast group. If a hop count is specified, it is used as the maximum +hop count for the multicast. If no hop count is specified, the multicast +is set to a maximum of 1 hop, to prevent the multicast from being routed +beyond the local network. +.TP 8 +.B \-indirect \fIhostname\fP +enables XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the specified +.IR hostname . +.TP 8 +.B \-port \fIport-number\fP +uses the specified \fIport-number\fP for XDMCP packets, instead of the +default. This option must be specified before any \-query, \-broadcast, +\-multicast, or \-indirect options. +.TP 8 +.B \-from \fIlocal-address\fP +specifies the local address to connect from (useful if the connecting host +has multiple network interfaces). The \fIlocal-address\fP may be expressed +in any form acceptable to the host platform's \fIgethostbyname\fP(3) +implementation. +.TP 8 +.B \-once +causes the server to terminate (rather than reset) when the XDMCP session +ends. +.TP 8 +.B \-class \fIdisplay-class\fP +XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in resource lookup for +display-specific options. This option sets that value, by default it +is "MIT-Unspecified" (not a very useful value). +.TP 8 +.B \-cookie \fIxdm-auth-bits\fP +When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key is shared between the +server and the manager. This option sets the value of that private +data (not that it is very private, being on the command line!). +.TP 8 +.B \-displayID \fIdisplay-id\fP +Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows the display manager to +identify each display so that it can locate the shared key. +.SH XKEYBOARD OPTIONS +X servers that support the XKEYBOARD (a.k.a. \*qXKB\*q) extension accept the +following options. All layout files specified on the command line must be +located in the XKB base directory or a subdirectory, and specified as the +relative path from the XKB base directory. The default XKB base directory is +.IR __projectroot__/lib/X11/xkb . +.TP 8 +.BR [+-]accessx " [ \fItimeout\fP [ \fItimeout_mask\fP [ \fIfeedback\fP [ \fIoptions_mask\fP ] ] ] ]" +enables(+) or disables(-) AccessX key sequences. +.TP 8 +.B \-xkbdir \fIdirectory\fP +base directory for keyboard layout files. This option is not available +for setuid X servers (i.e., when the X server's real and effective uids +are different). +.TP 8 +.B \-ardelay \fImilliseconds\fP +sets the autorepeat delay (length of time in milliseconds that a key must +be depressed before autorepeat starts). +.TP 8 +.B \-arinterval \fImilliseconds\fP +sets the autorepeat interval (length of time in milliseconds that should +elapse between autorepeat-generated keystrokes). +.TP 8 +.B \-xkbmap \fIfilename\fP +loads keyboard description in \fIfilename\fP on server startup. +.SH "NETWORK CONNECTIONS" +The X server supports client connections via a platform-dependent subset of +the following transport types: TCP\/IP, Unix Domain sockets, DECnet, +and several varieties of SVR4 local connections. See the DISPLAY +NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to +specify which transport type clients should try to use. +.SH GRANTING ACCESS +The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the following +authorization protocols: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1, +XDM-AUTHORIZATION-2, SUN-DES-1, and MIT-KERBEROS-5. See the +\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page for information on the +operation of these protocols. +.PP +Authorization data required by the above protocols is passed to the +server in a private file named with the \fB\-auth\fP command line +option. Each time the server is about to accept the first connection +after a reset (or when the server is starting), it reads this file. +If this file contains any authorization records, the local host is not +automatically allowed access to the server, and only clients which +send one of the authorization records contained in the file in the +connection setup information will be allowed access. See the +\fIXau\fP manual page for a description of the binary format of this +file. See \fIxauth\fP(1) for maintenance of this file, and distribution +of its contents to remote hosts. +.PP +The X server also uses a host-based access control list for deciding +whether or not to accept connections from clients on a particular machine. +If no other authorization mechanism is being used, +this list initially consists of the host on which the server is running as +well as any machines listed in the file \fI/etc/X\fBn\fI.hosts\fR, where +\fBn\fP is the display number of the server. Each line of the file should +contain either an Internet hostname (e.g. expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a DECnet +hostname in double colon format (e.g. hydra::) or a complete name in the format +\fIfamily\fP:\fIname\fP as described in the \fIxhost\fP(1) manual page. +There should be no leading or trailing spaces on any lines. For example: +.sp +.in +8 +.nf +joesworkstation +corporate.company.com +star:: +inet:bigcpu +local: +.fi +.in -8 +.PP +Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or disable access +control using the \fIxhost\fP command from the same machine as the server. +.PP +If the X FireWall Proxy (\fIxfwp\fP) is being used without a sitepolicy, +host-based authorization must be turned on for clients to be able to +connect to the X server via the \fIxfwp\fP. If \fIxfwp\fP is run without +a configuration file and thus no sitepolicy is defined, if \fIxfwp\fP +is using an X server where xhost + has been run to turn off host-based +authorization checks, when a client tries to connect to this X server +via \fIxfwp\fP, the X server will deny the connection. See \fIxfwp\fP(1) +for more information about this proxy. +.PP +The X protocol intrinsically does not have any notion of window operation +permissions or place any restrictions on what a client can do; if a program can +connect to a display, it has full run of the screen. +X servers that support the SECURITY extension fare better because clients +can be designated untrusted via the authorization they use to connect; see +the \fIxauth\fP(1) manual page for details. Restrictions are imposed +on untrusted clients that curtail the mischief they can do. See the SECURITY +extension specification for a complete list of these restrictions. +.PP +Sites that have better +authentication and authorization systems might wish to make +use of the hooks in the libraries and the server to provide additional +security models. +.SH SIGNALS +The X server attaches special meaning to the following signals: +.TP 8 +.I SIGHUP +This signal causes the server to close all existing connections, free all +resources, and restore all defaults. It is sent by the display manager +whenever the main user's main application (usually an \fIxterm\fP or window +manager) exits to force the server to clean up and prepare for the next +user. +.TP 8 +.I SIGTERM +This signal causes the server to exit cleanly. +.TP 8 +.I SIGUSR1 +This signal is used quite differently from either of the above. When the +server starts, it checks to see if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN +instead of the usual SIG_DFL. In this case, the server sends a SIGUSR1 to +its parent process after it has set up the various connection schemes. +\fIXdm\fP uses this feature to recognize when connecting to the server +is possible. +.SH FONTS +The X server can obtain fonts from directories and/or from font servers. +The list of directories and font servers +the X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled +by the \fIfont path\fP. +.LP +The default font path is +__default_font_path__ . +.LP +A special kind of directory can be specified using the \fBcatalogue\fP: +prefix. Directories specified this way can contain symlinks pointing to the +real font directories. See the FONTPATH.D section for details. +.LP +The font path can be set with the \fB\-fp\fP option or by \fIxset\fP(1) +after the server has started. +.SH "FONTPATH.D" +You can specify a special kind of font path in the form \fBcatalogue:\fR. +The directory specified after the catalogue: prefix will be scanned for symlinks +and each symlink destination will be added as a local fontfile FPE. +.PP +The symlink can be suffixed by attributes such as '\fBunscaled\fR', which +will be passed through to the underlying fontfile FPE. The only exception is +the newly introduced '\fBpri\fR' attribute, which will be used for ordering +the font paths specified by the symlinks. + +An example configuration: + +.nf + 75dpi:unscaled:pri=20 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi + ghostscript:pri=60 \-> /usr/share/fonts/default/ghostscript + misc:unscaled:pri=10 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc + type1:pri=40 \-> /usr/share/X11/fonts/Type1 + type1:pri=50 \-> /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1 +.fi + +This will add /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc as the first FPE with the attribute +'unscaled', second FPE will be /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi, also with +the attribute unscaled etc. This is functionally equivalent to setting +the following font path: + +.nf + /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc:unscaled, + /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi:unscaled, + /usr/share/X11/fonts/Type1, + /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1, + /usr/share/fonts/default/ghostscript +.fi + +.SH FILES +.TP 30 +.I /etc/X\fBn\fP.hosts +Initial access control list for display number \fBn\fP +.TP 30 +.IR __datadir__/fonts/X11/misc , __datadir__/fonts/X11/75dpi , __datadir__/fonts/X11/100dpi +Bitmap font directories +.TP 30 +.IR __datadir__/fonts/X11/TTF , __datadir__/fonts/X11/Type1 +Outline font directories +.TP 30 +.I /tmp/.X11-unix/X\fBn\fP +Unix domain socket for display number \fBn\fP +.TP 30 +.I /usr/adm/X\fBn\fPmsgs +Error log file for display number \fBn\fP if run from \fIinit\fP(__adminmansuffix__) +.TP 30 +.I __projectroot__/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-errors +Default error log file if the server is run from \fIxdm\fP(1) +.SH "SEE ALSO" +General information: \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) +.PP +Protocols: +.I "X Window System Protocol," +.I "The X Font Service Protocol," +.I "X Display Manager Control Protocol" +.PP +Fonts: \fIbdftopcf\fP(1), \fImkfontdir\fP(1), \fImkfontscale\fP(1), +\fIxfs\fP(1), \fIxlsfonts\fP(1), \fIxfontsel\fP(1), \fIxfd\fP(1), +.I "X Logical Font Description Conventions" +.PP +Security: \fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__), \fIxauth\fP(1), \fIXau\fP(1), +\fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxhost\fP(1), \fIxfwp\fP(1), +.I "Security Extension Specification" +.PP +Starting the server: \fIstartx\fP(1), \fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxinit\fP(1) +.PP +Controlling the server once started: \fIxset\fP(1), \fIxsetroot\fP(1), +\fIxhost\fP(1), \fIxinput\fP(1), \fIxrandr\fP(1) +.PP +Server-specific man pages: +\fIXorg\fP(1), \fIXdmx\fP(1), \fIXephyr\fP(1), \fIXnest\fP(1), +\fIXvfb\fP(1), \fIXquartz\fP(1), \fIXWin\fP(1). +.PP +Server internal documentation: +.I "Definition of the Porting Layer for the X v11 Sample Server" +.SH AUTHORS +The sample server was originally written by Susan Angebranndt, Raymond +Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd Newman, from Digital Equipment +Corporation, with support from a large cast. It has since been +extensively rewritten by Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT. +Dave Wiggins took over post-R5 and made substantial improvements. -- cgit v1.2.3