Bumped version to 1.10.11.10.1

Added release note
svn merge ^/branches/released .

1 files changed, 2317 insertions, 2316 deletions

diff --git a/libxcb/src/c_client.py b/libxcb/src/c_client.py
index dcf661abc..f93e2a69d 100644
--- a/libxcb/src/c_client.py
+++ b/libxcb/src/c_client.py
@@ -1,2316 +1,2317 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-from xml.etree.cElementTree import *
-from os.path import basename
-import getopt
-import sys
-import re
-
-# Jump to the bottom of this file for the main routine
-
-# Some hacks to make the API more readable, and to keep backwards compability
-_cname_re = re.compile('([A-Z0-9][a-z]+|[A-Z0-9]+(?![a-z])|[a-z]+)')
-_cname_special_cases = {'DECnet':'decnet'}
-
-_extension_special_cases = ['XPrint', 'XCMisc', 'BigRequests']
-
-_cplusplus_annoyances = {'class' : '_class',
-                         'new'   : '_new',
-                         'delete': '_delete'}
-_c_keywords = {'default' : '_default'}
-
-_hlines = []
-_hlevel = 0
-_clines = []
-_clevel = 0
-_ns = None
-
-# global variable to keep track of serializers and 
-# switch data types due to weird dependencies
-finished_serializers = []
-finished_sizeof = []
-finished_switch = []
-
-def _h(fmt, *args):
-    '''
-    Writes the given line to the header file.
-    '''
-    _hlines[_hlevel].append(fmt % args)
-    
-def _c(fmt, *args):
-    '''
-    Writes the given line to the source file.
-    '''
-    _clines[_clevel].append(fmt % args)
-    
-def _hc(fmt, *args):
-    '''
-    Writes the given line to both the header and source files.
-    '''
-    _h(fmt, *args)
-    _c(fmt, *args)
-
-# XXX See if this level thing is really necessary.
-def _h_setlevel(idx):
-    '''
-    Changes the array that header lines are written to.
-    Supports writing different sections of the header file.
-    '''
-    global _hlevel
-    while len(_hlines) <= idx:
-        _hlines.append([])
-    _hlevel = idx
-    
-def _c_setlevel(idx):
-    '''
-    Changes the array that source lines are written to.
-    Supports writing to different sections of the source file.
-    '''
-    global _clevel
-    while len(_clines) <= idx:
-        _clines.append([])
-    _clevel = idx
-    
-def _n_item(str):
-    '''
-    Does C-name conversion on a single string fragment.
-    Uses a regexp with some hard-coded special cases.
-    '''
-    if str in _cname_special_cases:
-        return _cname_special_cases[str]
-    else:
-        split = _cname_re.finditer(str)
-        name_parts = [match.group(0) for match in split]
-        return '_'.join(name_parts)
-    
-def _cpp(str):
-    '''
-    Checks for certain C++ reserved words and fixes them.
-    '''
-    if str in _cplusplus_annoyances:
-        return _cplusplus_annoyances[str]
-    elif str in _c_keywords:
-        return  _c_keywords[str]
-    else:
-        return str
-
-def _ext(str):
-    '''
-    Does C-name conversion on an extension name.
-    Has some additional special cases on top of _n_item.
-    '''
-    if str in _extension_special_cases:
-        return _n_item(str).lower()
-    else:
-        return str.lower()
-    
-def _n(list):
-    '''
-    Does C-name conversion on a tuple of strings.
-    Different behavior depending on length of tuple, extension/not extension, etc.
-    Basically C-name converts the individual pieces, then joins with underscores.
-    '''
-    if len(list) == 1:
-        parts = list
-    elif len(list) == 2:
-        parts = [list[0], _n_item(list[1])]
-    elif _ns.is_ext:
-        parts = [list[0], _ext(list[1])] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[2:]]
-    else:
-        parts = [list[0]] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[1:]]
-    return '_'.join(parts).lower()
-
-def _t(list):
-    '''
-    Does C-name conversion on a tuple of strings representing a type.
-    Same as _n but adds a "_t" on the end.
-    '''
-    if len(list) == 1:
-        parts = list
-    elif len(list) == 2:
-        parts = [list[0], _n_item(list[1]), 't']
-    elif _ns.is_ext:
-        parts = [list[0], _ext(list[1])] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[2:]] + ['t']
-    else:
-        parts = [list[0]] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[1:]] + ['t']
-    return '_'.join(parts).lower()
-        
-
-def c_open(self):
-    '''
-    Exported function that handles module open.
-    Opens the files and writes out the auto-generated comment, header file includes, etc.
-    '''
-    global _ns
-    _ns = self.namespace
-    _ns.c_ext_global_name = _n(_ns.prefix + ('id',))
-
-    # Build the type-name collision avoidance table used by c_enum
-    build_collision_table()
-
-    _h_setlevel(0)
-    _c_setlevel(0)
-
-    _hc('/*')
-    _hc(' * This file generated automatically from %s by c_client.py.', _ns.file)
-    _hc(' * Edit at your peril.')
-    _hc(' */')
-    _hc('')
-
-    _h('/**')
-    _h(' * @defgroup XCB_%s_API XCB %s API', _ns.ext_name, _ns.ext_name)
-    _h(' * @brief %s XCB Protocol Implementation.', _ns.ext_name)
-    _h(' * @{')
-    _h(' **/')
-    _h('')
-    _h('#ifndef __%s_H', _ns.header.upper())
-    _h('#define __%s_H', _ns.header.upper())
-    _h('')
-    _h('#include "xcb.h"')
-
-    _c('#include <stdlib.h>')
-    _c('#include <string.h>')
-    _c('#include <assert.h>')
-    _c('#include "xcbext.h"')
-    _c('#include "%s.h"', _ns.header)
-    _c('#include <X11/Xtrans/Xtrans.h>')
-        
-    if _ns.is_ext:
-        for (n, h) in self.imports:
-            _hc('#include "%s.h"', h)
-
-    _h('')
-    _h('#ifdef __cplusplus')
-    _h('extern "C" {')
-    _h('#endif')
-
-    if _ns.is_ext:
-        _h('')
-        _h('#define XCB_%s_MAJOR_VERSION %s', _ns.ext_name.upper(), _ns.major_version)
-        _h('#define XCB_%s_MINOR_VERSION %s', _ns.ext_name.upper(), _ns.minor_version)
-        _h('  ') #XXX
-        _h('extern xcb_extension_t %s;', _ns.c_ext_global_name)
-
-        _c('')
-        _c('xcb_extension_t %s = { "%s", 0 };', _ns.c_ext_global_name, _ns.ext_xname)
-
-def c_close(self):
-    '''
-    Exported function that handles module close.
-    Writes out all the stored content lines, then closes the files.
-    '''
-    _h_setlevel(2)
-    _c_setlevel(2)
-    _hc('')
-
-    _h('')
-    _h('#ifdef __cplusplus')
-    _h('}')
-    _h('#endif')
-
-    _h('')
-    _h('#endif')
-    _h('')
-    _h('/**')
-    _h(' * @}')
-    _h(' */')
-
-    # Write header file
-    hfile = open('%s.h' % _ns.header, 'w')
-    for list in _hlines:
-        for line in list:
-            hfile.write(line)
-            hfile.write('\n')
-    hfile.close()
-
-    # Write source file
-    cfile = open('%s.c' % _ns.header, 'w')
-    for list in _clines:
-        for line in list:
-            cfile.write(line)
-            cfile.write('\n')
-    cfile.close()
-
-def build_collision_table():
-    global namecount
-    namecount = {}
-
-    for v in module.types.values():
-        name = _t(v[0])
-        namecount[name] = (namecount.get(name) or 0) + 1
-
-def c_enum(self, name):
-    '''
-    Exported function that handles enum declarations.
-    '''
-
-    tname = _t(name)
-    if namecount[tname] > 1:
-        tname = _t(name + ('enum',))
-
-    _h_setlevel(0)
-    _h('')
-    _h('typedef enum %s {', tname)
-
-    count = len(self.values)
-
-    for (enam, eval) in self.values:
-        count = count - 1
-        equals = ' = ' if eval != '' else ''
-        comma = ',' if count > 0 else ''
-        _h('    %s%s%s%s', _n(name + (enam,)).upper(), equals, eval, comma)
-
-    _h('} %s;', tname)
-
-def _c_type_setup(self, name, postfix):
-    '''
-    Sets up all the C-related state by adding additional data fields to
-    all Field and Type objects.  Here is where we figure out most of our
-    variable and function names.
-
-    Recurses into child fields and list member types.
-    '''
-    # Do all the various names in advance
-    self.c_type = _t(name + postfix)
-    self.c_wiretype = 'char' if self.c_type == 'void' else self.c_type
-
-    self.c_iterator_type = _t(name + ('iterator',))
-    self.c_next_name = _n(name + ('next',))
-    self.c_end_name = _n(name + ('end',))
-
-    self.c_request_name = _n(name)
-    self.c_checked_name = _n(name + ('checked',))
-    self.c_unchecked_name = _n(name + ('unchecked',))
-    self.c_reply_name = _n(name + ('reply',))
-    self.c_reply_type = _t(name + ('reply',))
-    self.c_cookie_type = _t(name + ('cookie',))
-
-    self.need_aux = False
-    self.need_serialize = False
-    self.need_sizeof = False
-
-    self.c_aux_name = _n(name + ('aux',))
-    self.c_aux_checked_name = _n(name + ('aux', 'checked'))
-    self.c_aux_unchecked_name = _n(name + ('aux', 'unchecked'))
-    self.c_serialize_name = _n(name + ('serialize',))
-    self.c_unserialize_name = _n(name + ('unserialize',))
-    self.c_unpack_name = _n(name + ('unpack',))
-    self.c_sizeof_name = _n(name + ('sizeof',))
-
-    # special case: structs where variable size fields are followed by fixed size fields
-    self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields = False
-
-    if self.is_switch:
-        self.need_serialize = True
-        self.c_container = 'struct'
-        for bitcase in self.bitcases:
-            bitcase.c_field_name = _cpp(bitcase.field_name)
-            bitcase_name = bitcase.field_type if bitcase.type.has_name else name
-            _c_type_setup(bitcase.type, bitcase_name, ())
-
-    elif self.is_container:
-
-        self.c_container = 'union' if self.is_union else 'struct'
-        prev_varsized_field = None
-        prev_varsized_offset = 0
-        first_field_after_varsized = None
-
-        for field in self.fields:
-            _c_type_setup(field.type, field.field_type, ())
-            if field.type.is_list:
-                _c_type_setup(field.type.member, field.field_type, ())
-                if (field.type.nmemb is None): 
-                    self.need_sizeof = True
-
-            field.c_field_type = _t(field.field_type)
-            field.c_field_const_type = ('' if field.type.nmemb == 1 else 'const ') + field.c_field_type
-            field.c_field_name = _cpp(field.field_name)
-            field.c_subscript = '[%d]' % field.type.nmemb if (field.type.nmemb > 1) else ''
-            field.c_pointer = ' ' if field.type.nmemb == 1 else '*'
-
-            # correct the c_pointer field for variable size non-list types
-            if not field.type.fixed_size() and field.c_pointer == ' ':
-                field.c_pointer = '*'
-            if field.type.is_list and not field.type.member.fixed_size():
-                field.c_pointer = '*'
-
-            if field.type.is_switch:
-                field.c_pointer = '*'
-                field.c_field_const_type = 'const ' + field.c_field_type
-                self.need_aux = True
-            elif not field.type.fixed_size() and not field.type.is_bitcase:
-                self.need_sizeof = True
-
-            field.c_iterator_type = _t(field.field_type + ('iterator',))      # xcb_fieldtype_iterator_t
-            field.c_iterator_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'iterator')) # xcb_container_field_iterator
-            field.c_accessor_name = _n(name + (field.field_name,))            # xcb_container_field
-            field.c_length_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'length'))     # xcb_container_field_length
-            field.c_end_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'end'))           # xcb_container_field_end
-
-            field.prev_varsized_field = prev_varsized_field
-            field.prev_varsized_offset = prev_varsized_offset
-
-            if prev_varsized_offset == 0:
-                first_field_after_varsized = field
-            field.first_field_after_varsized = first_field_after_varsized
-
-            if field.type.fixed_size():
-                prev_varsized_offset += field.type.size
-                # special case: intermixed fixed and variable size fields
-                if prev_varsized_field is not None and not field.type.is_pad and field.wire:
-                    if not self.is_union:
-                        self.need_serialize = True
-                        self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields = True
-            else:
-                self.last_varsized_field = field
-                prev_varsized_field = field
-                prev_varsized_offset = 0                    
-
-            if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-                if field.type.fixed_size():
-                    field.prev_varsized_field = None
-                            
-    if self.need_serialize:
-        # when _unserialize() is wanted, create _sizeof() as well for consistency reasons 
-        self.need_sizeof = True
-
-    # as switch does never appear at toplevel, 
-    # continue here with type construction
-    if self.is_switch:
-        if self.c_type not in finished_switch:
-            finished_switch.append(self.c_type)
-            # special: switch C structs get pointer fields for variable-sized members
-            _c_complex(self)
-            for bitcase in self.bitcases:
-                bitcase_name = bitcase.type.name if bitcase.type.has_name else name
-                _c_accessors(bitcase.type, bitcase_name, bitcase_name)
-                # no list with switch as element, so no call to 
-                # _c_iterator(field.type, field_name) necessary
-
-    if not self.is_bitcase:
-        if self.need_serialize:
-            if self.c_serialize_name not in finished_serializers:
-                finished_serializers.append(self.c_serialize_name)
-                _c_serialize('serialize', self)
-
-                # _unpack() and _unserialize() are only needed for special cases:
-                #   switch -> unpack
-                #   special cases -> unserialize
-                if self.is_switch or self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-                    _c_serialize('unserialize', self)
-                    
-        if self.need_sizeof:
-            if self.c_sizeof_name not in finished_sizeof:
-                if not module.namespace.is_ext or self.name[:2] == module.namespace.prefix:
-                    finished_sizeof.append(self.c_sizeof_name)
-                    _c_serialize('sizeof', self)
-# _c_type_setup()
-
-def _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix, field=None):
-    """
-    turn prefix, which is a list of tuples (name, separator, Type obj) into a string
-    representing a valid name in C (based on the context)
-    if field is not None, append the field name as well
-    """
-    prefix_str = ''
-    for name, sep, obj in prefix:
-        prefix_str += name
-        if '' == sep:
-            sep = '->'
-            if ((obj.is_bitcase and obj.has_name) or     # named bitcase
-                (obj.is_switch and len(obj.parents)>1)):
-                sep = '.'
-        prefix_str += sep
-    if field is not None:
-        prefix_str += _cpp(field.field_name)
-    return prefix_str
-# _c_absolute_name
-    
-def _c_helper_field_mapping(complex_type, prefix, flat=False):
-    """
-    generate absolute names, based on prefix, for all fields starting from complex_type
-    if flat == True, nested complex types are not taken into account
-    """
-    all_fields = {}
-    if complex_type.is_switch:
-        for b in complex_type.bitcases:
-            if b.type.has_name:
-                switch_name, switch_sep, switch_type = prefix[-1]
-                bitcase_prefix = prefix + [(b.type.name[-1], '.', b.type)]
-            else:
-                bitcase_prefix = prefix 
-
-            if (True==flat and not b.type.has_name) or False==flat:
-                all_fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(b.type, bitcase_prefix, flat))
-    else:
-        for f in complex_type.fields:
-            fname = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix, f)
-            if all_fields.has_key(f.field_name):
-                raise Exception("field name %s has been registered before" % f.field_name)
-
-            all_fields[f.field_name] = (fname, f)
-            if f.type.is_container and flat==False:
-                if f.type.is_bitcase and not f.type.has_name:
-                    new_prefix = prefix
-                elif f.type.is_switch and len(f.type.parents)>1:
-                    # nested switch gets another separator
-                    new_prefix = prefix+[(f.c_field_name, '.', f.type)]
-                else:
-                    new_prefix = prefix+[(f.c_field_name, '->', f.type)]
-                all_fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(f.type, new_prefix, flat))
-
-    return all_fields
-# _c_field_mapping()
-
-def _c_helper_resolve_field_names (prefix):
-    """
-    get field names for all objects in the prefix array
-    """
-    all_fields = {}
-    tmp_prefix = []
-    # look for fields in the remaining containers
-    for idx, p in enumerate(prefix):
-        name, sep, obj = p
-        if ''==sep:
-            # sep can be preset in prefix, if not, make a sensible guess
-            sep = '.' if (obj.is_switch or obj.is_bitcase) else '->'
-            # exception: 'toplevel' object (switch as well!) always have sep '->'
-            sep = '->' if idx<1 else sep
-        if not obj.is_bitcase or (obj.is_bitcase and obj.has_name):
-            tmp_prefix.append((name, sep, obj))
-        all_fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(obj, tmp_prefix, flat=True))
-
-    return all_fields
-# _c_helper_resolve_field_names
-
-def get_expr_fields(self):
-    """
-    get the Fields referenced by switch or list expression 
-    """
-    def get_expr_field_names(expr):
-        if expr.op is None:
-            if expr.lenfield_name is not None:
-                return [expr.lenfield_name]
-            else:
-                # constant value expr
-                return []
-        else:
-            if expr.op == '~':
-                return get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)
-            elif expr.op == 'popcount':
-                return get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)
-            elif expr.op == 'sumof':
-                # sumof expr references another list, 
-                # we need that list's length field here
-                field = None
-                for f in expr.lenfield_parent.fields:
-                    if f.field_name == expr.lenfield_name:
-                        field = f
-                        break
-                if field is None:
-                    raise Exception("list field '%s' referenced by sumof not found" % expr.lenfield_name)
-                # referenced list + its length field
-                return [expr.lenfield_name] + get_expr_field_names(field.type.expr)
-            elif expr.op == 'enumref':
-                return []
-            else:
-                return get_expr_field_names(expr.lhs) + get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)
-    # get_expr_field_names()
-    
-    # resolve the field names with the parent structure(s)
-    unresolved_fields_names = get_expr_field_names(self.expr)
-
-    # construct prefix from self
-    prefix = [('', '', p) for p in self.parents]
-    if self.is_container:
-        prefix.append(('', '', self))
-
-    all_fields = _c_helper_resolve_field_names (prefix)
-    resolved_fields_names = filter(lambda x: x in all_fields.keys(), unresolved_fields_names)
-    if len(unresolved_fields_names) != len(resolved_fields_names):
-        raise Exception("could not resolve all fields for %s" % self.name)
-    
-    resolved_fields = [all_fields[n][1] for n in resolved_fields_names]
-    return resolved_fields
-# get_expr_fields()
-
-def resolve_expr_fields(complex_obj):
-    """
-    find expr fields appearing in complex_obj and descendents that cannot be resolved within complex_obj
-    these are normally fields that need to be given as function parameters
-    """
-    all_fields = []
-    expr_fields = []
-    unresolved = []
-
-    for field in complex_obj.fields:
-        all_fields.append(field)
-        if field.type.is_switch or field.type.is_list:
-            expr_fields += get_expr_fields(field.type)
-        if field.type.is_container:
-            expr_fields += resolve_expr_fields(field.type)
-
-    # try to resolve expr fields
-    for e in expr_fields:
-        if e not in all_fields and e not in unresolved:
-            unresolved.append(e)
-    return unresolved
-# resolve_expr_fields()
-            
-def get_serialize_params(context, self, buffer_var='_buffer', aux_var='_aux'):
-    """
-    functions like _serialize(), _unserialize(), and _unpack() sometimes need additional parameters:
-    E.g. in order to unpack switch, extra parameters might be needed to evaluate the switch 
-    expression. This function tries to resolve all fields within a structure, and returns the 
-    unresolved fields as the list of external parameters. 
-    """
-    def add_param(params, param):
-        if param not in params:
-            params.append(param)
-
-    # collect all fields into param_fields
-    param_fields = []
-    wire_fields = []
-
-    for field in self.fields:
-        if field.visible:
-            # the field should appear as a parameter in the function call
-            param_fields.append(field)
-        if field.wire and not field.auto:
-            if field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_switch:
-                # field in the xcb_out structure
-                wire_fields.append(field)
-        # fields like 'pad0' are skipped!
-               
-    # in case of switch, parameters always contain any fields referenced in the switch expr
-    # we do not need any variable size fields here, as the switch data type contains both 
-    # fixed and variable size fields
-    if self.is_switch:
-        param_fields = get_expr_fields(self)
-
-    # _serialize()/_unserialize()/_unpack() function parameters
-    # note: don't use set() for params, it is unsorted
-    params = []
-    
-    # 1. the parameter for the void * buffer
-    if  'serialize' == context:
-        params.append(('void', '**', buffer_var))
-    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
-        params.append(('const void', '*', buffer_var))
-
-    # 2. any expr fields that cannot be resolved within self and descendants
-    unresolved_fields = resolve_expr_fields(self)
-    for f in unresolved_fields:
-        add_param(params, (f.c_field_type, '', f.c_field_name))
-
-    # 3. param_fields contain the fields necessary to evaluate the switch expr or any other fields
-    #    that do not appear in the data type struct
-    for p in param_fields:
-        if self.is_switch:
-            typespec = p.c_field_const_type
-            pointerspec = p.c_pointer 
-            add_param(params, (typespec, pointerspec, p.c_field_name))
-        else:
-            if p.visible and not p.wire and not p.auto:
-                typespec = p.c_field_type
-                pointerspec = ''
-                add_param(params, (typespec, pointerspec, p.c_field_name))
-  
-    # 4. aux argument
-    if 'serialize' == context:
-        add_param(params, ('const %s' % self.c_type, '*', aux_var))
-    elif 'unserialize' == context: 
-        add_param(params, ('%s' % self.c_type, '**', aux_var))
-    elif 'unpack' == context:
-        add_param(params, ('%s' % self.c_type, '*', aux_var))
-
-    # 5. switch contains all variable size fields as struct members
-    #    for other data types though, these have to be supplied separately
-    #    this is important for the special case of intermixed fixed and 
-    #    variable size fields
-    if not self.is_switch and 'serialize' == context:
-        for p in param_fields:
-            if not p.type.fixed_size():
-                add_param(params, (p.c_field_const_type, '*', p.c_field_name))
-
-    return (param_fields, wire_fields, params)
-# get_serialize_params()
-
-def _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, postpone):
-    code_lines.append('%s    /* insert padding */' % space)
-    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_pad = -xcb_block_len & 3;' % space)
-#    code_lines.append('%s    printf("automatically inserting padding: %%%%d\\n", xcb_pad);' % space)
-    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_buffer_len += xcb_block_len + xcb_pad;' % space)
-
-    if not postpone:
-        code_lines.append('%s    if (0 != xcb_pad) {' % space)
-
-        if 'serialize' == context:
-            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = xcb_pad0;' % space)
-            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = xcb_pad;' % space)
-            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts_idx++;' % space)
-        elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
-            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_tmp += xcb_pad;' % space)
-
-        code_lines.append('%s        xcb_pad = 0;' % space)
-        code_lines.append('%s    }' % space)
-        
-    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len = 0;' % space)
-
-    # keep tracking of xcb_parts entries for serialize
-    return 1
-# _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding()
-
-def _c_serialize_helper_switch(context, self, complex_name, 
-                               code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                               space, prefix):
-    count = 0
-    switch_expr = _c_accessor_get_expr(self.expr, None)
-
-    for b in self.bitcases:            
-        bitcase_expr = _c_accessor_get_expr(b.type.expr, None)
-        code_lines.append('    if(%s & %s) {' % (switch_expr, bitcase_expr))
-#        code_lines.append('        printf("switch %s: entering bitcase section %s (mask=%%%%d)...\\n", %s);' % 
-#                          (self.name[-1], b.type.name[-1], bitcase_expr))
-        b_prefix = prefix
-        if b.type.has_name:
-            b_prefix = prefix + [(b.c_field_name, '.', b.type)]
-            
-        count += _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, b.type, 
-                                            code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                                            "%s    " % space, 
-                                            b_prefix, 
-                                            is_bitcase = True)
-        code_lines.append('    }')
-
-#    if 'serialize' == context:
-#        count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, False)
-#    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
-#        # padding
-#        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_pad = -xcb_block_len & 3;' % space)
-#        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_buffer_len += xcb_block_len + xcb_pad;' % space)
-   
-    return count
-# _c_serialize_helper_switch
-
-def _c_serialize_helper_switch_field(context, self, field, c_switch_variable, prefix):
-    """
-    handle switch by calling _serialize() or _unpack(), depending on context
-    """
-    # switch is handled by this function as a special case
-    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params(context, self)
-    field_mapping = _c_helper_field_mapping(self, prefix)
-    prefix_str = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix)
-
-    # find the parameters that need to be passed to _serialize()/_unpack():
-    # all switch expr fields must be given as parameters
-    args = get_expr_fields(field.type)
-    # length fields for variable size types in switch, normally only some of need 
-    # need to be passed as parameters
-    switch_len_fields = resolve_expr_fields(field.type)
-
-    # a switch field at this point _must_ be a bitcase field
-    # we require that bitcases are "self-contiguous"
-    bitcase_unresolved = resolve_expr_fields(self)
-    if len(bitcase_unresolved) != 0:
-        raise Exception('unresolved fields within bitcase is not supported at this point')
-
-    # get the C names for the parameters  
-    c_field_names = ''
-    for a in switch_len_fields:
-        c_field_names += "%s, " % field_mapping[a.c_field_name][0]
-    for a in args:
-        c_field_names += "%s, " % field_mapping[a.c_field_name][0]
-
-    # call _serialize()/_unpack() to determine the actual size
-    if 'serialize' == context:
-        length = "%s(&%s, %s&%s%s)" % (field.type.c_serialize_name, c_switch_variable,
-                                       c_field_names, prefix_str, field.c_field_name) 
-    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack'):
-        length = "%s(xcb_tmp, %s&%s%s)" % (field.type.c_unpack_name, 
-                                           c_field_names, prefix_str, field.c_field_name)
-
-    return length
-# _c_serialize_helper_switch_field()
-
-def _c_serialize_helper_list_field(context, self, field, 
-                                   code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                                   space, prefix):
-    """
-    helper function to cope with lists of variable length
-    """
-    expr = field.type.expr
-    prefix_str = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix)
-    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params('sizeof', self)
-    param_names = [p[2] for p in params]
-    
-    expr_fields_names = [f.field_name for f in get_expr_fields(field.type)]
-    resolved = filter(lambda x: x in param_names, expr_fields_names)
-    unresolved = filter(lambda x: x not in param_names, expr_fields_names)
-    
-    field_mapping = {}
-    for r in resolved:
-        field_mapping[r] = (r, None)
-    
-    if len(unresolved)>0:
-        tmp_prefix = prefix
-        if len(tmp_prefix)==0:
-            raise Exception("found an empty prefix while resolving expr field names for list %s", 
-                            field.c_field_name)        
-        
-        field_mapping.update(_c_helper_resolve_field_names(prefix))
-        resolved += filter(lambda x: x in field_mapping, unresolved)
-        unresolved = filter(lambda x: x not in field_mapping, unresolved)
-        if len(unresolved)>0:
-            raise Exception('could not resolve the length fields required for list %s' % field.c_field_name)
-
-    list_length = _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, field_mapping)
-
-    # default: list with fixed size elements
-    length = '%s * sizeof(%s)' % (list_length, field.type.member.c_wiretype)
-
-    # list with variable-sized elements 
-    if not field.type.member.fixed_size():
-        length = ''
-        if context in ('unserialize', 'sizeof', 'unpack'):
-            int_i = '    unsigned int i;'
-            xcb_tmp_len = '    unsigned int xcb_tmp_len;'
-            if int_i not in temp_vars:
-                temp_vars.append(int_i)
-            if xcb_tmp_len not in temp_vars:
-                temp_vars.append(xcb_tmp_len)
-            # loop over all list elements and call sizeof repeatedly
-            # this should be a bit faster than using the iterators
-            code_lines.append("%s    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) {" % (space, list_length))
-            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_tmp_len = %s(xcb_tmp);" % 
-                              (space, field.type.c_sizeof_name))
-            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_block_len += xcb_tmp_len;" % space)
-            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_tmp += xcb_tmp_len;" % space)
-            code_lines.append("%s    }" % space)                  
-      
-        elif 'serialize' == context:
-            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = 0;' % space)
-            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp = (char *) %s%s;' % (space, prefix_str, field.c_field_name))
-            code_lines.append('%s    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) { ' % (space, list_length))
-            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_block_len = %s(xcb_tmp);' % (space, field.type.c_sizeof_name))
-            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len += xcb_block_len;' % space)
-            code_lines.append('%s    }' % space)
-            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len = xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len;' % space)
-            
-    return length
-# _c_serialize_helper_list_field()
-
-def _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size(context, self, field, 
-                                          code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                                          space, prefix):
-    # keep the C code a bit more readable by giving the field name
-    if not self.is_bitcase:
-        code_lines.append('%s    /* %s.%s */' % (space, self.c_type, field.c_field_name))
-    else:
-        scoped_name = [p[2].c_type if idx==0 else p[0] for idx, p in enumerate(prefix)]
-        typename = reduce(lambda x,y: "%s.%s" % (x, y), scoped_name)
-        code_lines.append('%s    /* %s.%s */' % (space, typename, field.c_field_name))
-
-    abs_field_name = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix, field)
-    # default for simple cases: call sizeof()
-    length = "sizeof(%s)" % field.c_field_type
-
-    if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
-        # default: simple cast
-        value = '    %s = *(%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (abs_field_name, field.c_field_type) 
-        
-        # padding - we could probably just ignore it
-        if field.type.is_pad and field.type.nmemb > 1:
-            value = ''
-            for i in range(field.type.nmemb):
-                code_lines.append('%s    %s[%d] = *(%s *)xcb_tmp;' % 
-                                  (space, abs_field_name, i, field.c_field_type)) 
-            # total padding = sizeof(pad0) * nmemb
-            length += " * %d" % field.type.nmemb
-
-        if field.type.is_list:
-            # no such case in the protocol, cannot be tested and therefore ignored for now
-            raise Exception('list with fixed number of elemens unhandled in _unserialize()')
-
-    elif 'serialize' == context:
-        value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *) ' 
-
-        if field.type.is_expr:
-            # need to register a temporary variable for the expression in case we know its type
-            if field.type.c_type is None:
-                raise Exception("type for field '%s' (expression '%s') unkown" % 
-                                (field.field_name, _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr)))
-            
-            temp_vars.append('    %s xcb_expr_%s = %s;' % (field.type.c_type, _cpp(field.field_name), 
-                                                           _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, prefix)))
-            value += "&xcb_expr_%s;" % _cpp(field.field_name)
-
-        elif field.type.is_pad:
-            if field.type.nmemb == 1:
-                value += "&xcb_pad;"
-            else:
-                # we could also set it to 0, see definition of xcb_send_request()
-                value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = xcb_pad0;'
-                length += "*%d" % field.type.nmemb
-
-        else:
-            # non-list type with fixed size
-            if field.type.nmemb == 1:
-                value += "&%s;" % (abs_field_name)
-
-            # list with nmemb (fixed size) elements
-            else:
-                value += '%s;' % (abs_field_name)
-                length = '%d' % field.type.nmemb
-
-    return (value, length)
-# _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size()
-
-def _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size(context, self, field, 
-                                             code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                                             space, prefix):
-    prefix_str = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix)
-
-    if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
-        value = ''
-        var_field_name = 'xcb_tmp'
-        
-        # special case: intermixed fixed and variable size fields
-        if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context:
-            value = '    %s = (%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (field.c_field_name, field.c_field_type)
-            temp_vars.append('    %s *%s;' % (field.type.c_type, field.c_field_name))
-        # special case: switch
-        if 'unpack' == context:
-            value = '    %s%s = (%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (prefix_str, field.c_field_name, field.c_field_type)
-            
-    elif 'serialize' == context:
-        # variable size fields appear as parameters to _serialize() if the 
-        # 'toplevel' container is not a switch
-        prefix_string = prefix_str if prefix[0][2].is_switch else ''
-        var_field_name = "%s%s" % (prefix_string, field.c_field_name)
-        value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *) %s;' % var_field_name
-
-    length = ''
-
-    code_lines.append('%s    /* %s */' % (space, field.c_field_name))
-
-    if field.type.is_list:
-        if value != '':
-            # in any context, list is already a pointer, so the default assignment is ok
-            code_lines.append("%s%s" % (space, value))
-            value = ''
-        length = _c_serialize_helper_list_field(context, self, field, 
-                                                code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                                                space, prefix)
-        
-    elif field.type.is_switch:
-        value = ''
-        if context == 'serialize':
-            # the _serialize() function allocates the correct amount memory if given a NULL pointer
-            value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *)0;'
-        length = _c_serialize_helper_switch_field(context, self, field, 
-                                                  'xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base', 
-                                                  prefix)
-        
-    else:
-        # in all remaining special cases - call _sizeof()
-        length = "%s(%s)" % (field.type.c_sizeof_name, var_field_name)
-
-    return (value, length)
-# _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size
-
-def _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, self, 
-                               code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                               space, prefix, is_bitcase):
-    count = 0
-    need_padding = False
-    prev_field_was_variable = False
-
-    for field in self.fields:
-        if not field.visible:
-            if not ((field.wire and not field.auto) or 'unserialize' == context):
-                continue
-
-        # switch/bitcase: fixed size fields must be considered explicitly 
-        if field.type.fixed_size():
-            if self.is_bitcase or self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-                if prev_field_was_variable and need_padding:
-                    # insert padding
-#                    count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, 
-#                                                                self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields)
-                    prev_field_was_variable = False
-
-                # prefix for fixed size fields
-                fixed_prefix = prefix
-
-                value, length = _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size(context, self, field, 
-                                                                      code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                                                                      space, fixed_prefix)
-            else:
-                continue
-
-        # fields with variable size
-        else:
-            # switch/bitcase: always calculate padding before and after variable sized fields
-            if need_padding or is_bitcase:
-                count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, 
-                                                            self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields)
-
-            value, length = _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size(context, self, field, 
-                                                                     code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                                                                     space, prefix)
-            prev_field_was_variable = True
-        
-        # save (un)serialization C code
-        if '' != value:
-            code_lines.append('%s%s' % (space, value))    
-        
-        if field.type.fixed_size():
-            if is_bitcase or self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-                # keep track of (un)serialized object's size
-                code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += %s;' % (space, length))
-                if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
-                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += %s;' % (space, length))
-        else: 
-            # variable size objects or bitcase:
-            #   value & length might have been inserted earlier for special cases
-            if '' != length:
-                # special case: intermixed fixed and variable size fields
-                if (not field.type.fixed_size() and 
-                    self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context):
-                    temp_vars.append('    int %s_len;' % field.c_field_name)
-                    code_lines.append('%s    %s_len = %s;' % (space, field.c_field_name, length))
-                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += %s_len;' % (space, field.c_field_name))
-                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += %s_len;' % (space, field.c_field_name))
-                else:
-                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += %s;' % (space, length))
-                    # increase pointer into the byte stream accordingly
-                    if context in ('unserialize', 'sizeof', 'unpack'):
-                        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += xcb_block_len;' % space)
-                        
-        if 'serialize' == context:
-            if '' != length:
-                code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = %s;' % (space, length))
-            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts_idx++;' % space)
-            count += 1
-
-        need_padding = True
-        if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-            need_padding = False
-        
-    return count
-# _c_serialize_helper_fields()    
-
-def _c_serialize_helper(context, complex_type, 
-                        code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                        space='', prefix=[]):
-    # count tracks the number of fields to serialize
-    count = 0
-
-    if hasattr(complex_type, 'type'):
-        self = complex_type.type
-        complex_name = complex_type.name
-    else:
-        self = complex_type
-        if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context:
-            complex_name = 'xcb_out'
-        else:
-            complex_name = '_aux'
-    
-    # special case: switch is serialized by evaluating each bitcase separately
-    if self.is_switch:
-        count += _c_serialize_helper_switch(context, self, complex_name, 
-                                            code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                                            space, prefix)
-
-    # all other data types can be evaluated one field a time
-    else: 
-        # unserialize & fixed size fields: simply cast the buffer to the respective xcb_out type
-        if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof') and not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += sizeof(%s);' % (space, self.c_type))
-            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += xcb_block_len;' % space)
-            # probably not needed
-            #_c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, False)
-
-        count += _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, self, 
-                                            code_lines, temp_vars, 
-                                            space, prefix, False)
-    # "final padding"
-    count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, False)
-
-    return count    
-# _c_serialize_helper()
-
-def _c_serialize(context, self):
-    """
-    depending on the context variable, generate _serialize(), _unserialize(), _unpack(), or _sizeof() 
-    for the ComplexType variable self
-    """
-    _h_setlevel(1)
-    _c_setlevel(1)
-
-    _hc('')
-    # _serialize() returns the buffer size
-    _hc('int')
-
-    if self.is_switch and 'unserialize' == context:
-        context = 'unpack'
-
-    cases = { 'serialize'   : self.c_serialize_name, 
-              'unserialize' : self.c_unserialize_name, 
-              'unpack'      : self.c_unpack_name, 
-              'sizeof'      : self.c_sizeof_name }
-    func_name = cases[context]
-            
-    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params(context, self)
-    variable_size_fields = 0
-    # maximum space required for type definition of function arguments
-    maxtypelen = 0
-
-    # determine N(variable_fields) 
-    for field in param_fields:
-        # if self.is_switch, treat all fields as if they are variable sized
-        if not field.type.fixed_size() or self.is_switch:
-            variable_size_fields += 1
-    # determine maxtypelen
-    for p in params:
-        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, len(p[0]) + len(p[1]))    
-
-    # write to .c/.h
-    indent = ' '*(len(func_name)+2)
-    param_str = []
-    for p in params:
-        typespec, pointerspec, field_name = p
-        spacing = ' '*(maxtypelen-len(typespec)-len(pointerspec))
-        param_str.append("%s%s%s  %s%s  /**< */" % (indent, typespec, spacing, pointerspec, field_name))
-    # insert function name
-    param_str[0] = "%s (%s" % (func_name, param_str[0].strip())
-    param_str = map(lambda x: "%s," % x, param_str)
-    for s in param_str[:-1]:
-        _hc(s)
-    _h("%s);" % param_str[-1].rstrip(','))
-    _c("%s)" % param_str[-1].rstrip(','))
-    _c('{')
-
-    code_lines = []
-    temp_vars = []
-    prefix = []
-
-    if 'serialize' == context:
-        if not self.is_switch and not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-            _c('    %s *xcb_out = *_buffer;', self.c_type)
-            _c('    unsigned int xcb_out_pad = -sizeof(%s) & 3;', self.c_type)
-            _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = sizeof(%s) + xcb_out_pad;', self.c_type)
-        else:
-            _c('    char *xcb_out = *_buffer;')
-            _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')
-        prefix = [('_aux', '->', self)]
-        aux_ptr = 'xcb_out'
-
-    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack'):
-        _c('    char *xcb_tmp = (char *)_buffer;')
-        if not self.is_switch:
-            if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-                _c('    const %s *_aux = (%s *)_buffer;', self.c_type, self.c_type)
-                prefix = [('_aux', '->', self)]
-            else:
-                _c('    %s xcb_out;', self.c_type)
-                prefix = [('xcb_out', '.', self)]
-        else:
-            aux_var = '_aux' # default for unpack: single pointer
-            # note: unserialize not generated for switch
-            if 'unserialize' == context:
-                aux_var = '(*_aux)' # unserialize: double pointer (!)
-            prefix = [(aux_var, '->', self)]
-        aux_ptr = '*_aux'
-        _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')
-        _c('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')
-        _c('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')
-
-    elif 'sizeof' == context:
-        param_names = [p[2] for p in params]
-        if self.is_switch:
-            # switch: call _unpack()
-            _c('    %s _aux;', self.c_type)
-            _c('    return %s(%s, &_aux);', self.c_unpack_name, reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x, y), param_names))
-            _c('}')
-            return
-        elif self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-            # special case: call _unserialize()
-            _c('    return %s(%s, NULL);', self.c_unserialize_name, reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x, y), param_names))
-            _c('}')
-            return
-        else:
-            _c('    char *xcb_tmp = (char *)_buffer;')
-            prefix = [('_aux', '->', self)]
-
-    count = _c_serialize_helper(context, self, code_lines, temp_vars, prefix=prefix)
-    # update variable size fields (only important for context=='serialize'
-    variable_size_fields = count
-    if 'serialize' == context:
-        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')
-        temp_vars.append('    char xcb_pad0[3] = {0, 0, 0};') 
-        temp_vars.append('    struct iovec xcb_parts[%d];' % count)
-        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_parts_idx = 0;')
-        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')
-        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int i;')
-        temp_vars.append('    char *xcb_tmp;')
-    elif 'sizeof' == context:
-        # neither switch nor intermixed fixed and variable size fields:
-        # evaluate parameters directly
-        if not (self.is_switch or self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields):
-
-            # look if we have to declare an '_aux' variable at all
-            if len(filter(lambda x: x.find('_aux')!=-1, code_lines))>0: 
-                if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-                    _c('    const %s *_aux = (%s *)_buffer;', self.c_type, self.c_type)
-                else:
-                    _c('    %s *_aux = malloc(sizeof(%s));', self.c_type, self.c_type)
-
-            _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')
-            _c('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')
-            _c('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')        
-
-    _c('')
-    for t in temp_vars:
-        _c(t)
-    _c('')
-    for l in code_lines:
-        _c(l)
-
-    # variable sized fields have been collected, now
-    # allocate memory and copy everything into a continuous memory area 
-    # note: this is not necessary in case of unpack
-    if context in ('serialize', 'unserialize'):
-        # unserialize: check for sizeof-only invocation
-        if 'unserialize' == context:
-            _c('')
-            _c('    if (NULL == _aux)')
-            _c('        return xcb_buffer_len;')
-
-        _c('')
-        _c('    if (NULL == %s) {', aux_ptr)
-        _c('        /* allocate memory */')
-        _c('        %s = malloc(xcb_buffer_len);', aux_ptr)
-        if 'serialize' == context:
-            _c('        *_buffer = xcb_out;')
-        _c('    }')
-        _c('')
-
-        # serialize: handle variable size fields in a loop
-        if 'serialize' == context:
-            if not self.is_switch and not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-                if len(wire_fields)>0:
-                    _c('    *xcb_out = *_aux;')
-            # copy variable size fields into the buffer
-            if variable_size_fields > 0:
-                # xcb_out padding
-                if not self.is_switch and not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-                    _c('    xcb_tmp = (char*)++xcb_out;')
-                    _c('    xcb_tmp += xcb_out_pad;')
-                else:
-                    _c('    xcb_tmp = xcb_out;')
-
-                # variable sized fields
-                _c('    for(i=0; i<xcb_parts_idx; i++) {')
-                _c('        if (0 != xcb_parts[i].iov_base && 0 != xcb_parts[i].iov_len)')
-                _c('            memcpy(xcb_tmp, xcb_parts[i].iov_base, xcb_parts[i].iov_len);')
-                _c('        if (0 != xcb_parts[i].iov_len)')
-                _c('            xcb_tmp += xcb_parts[i].iov_len;')
-                _c('    }')
-            
-        # unserialize: assign variable size fields individually
-        if 'unserialize' == context:
-            _c('    xcb_tmp = ((char *)*_aux)+xcb_buffer_len;')
-            param_fields.reverse()
-            for field in param_fields:
-                if not field.type.fixed_size():
-                    _c('    xcb_tmp -= %s_len;', field.c_field_name)
-                    _c('    memmove(xcb_tmp, %s, %s_len);', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
-            _c('    *%s = xcb_out;', aux_ptr)
- 
-    _c('')
-    _c('    return xcb_buffer_len;')
-    _c('}')
-# _c_serialize()
-
-def _c_iterator_get_end(field, accum):
-    '''
-    Figures out what C code is needed to find the end of a variable-length structure field.
-    For nested structures, recurses into its last variable-sized field.
-    For lists, calls the end function
-    '''
-    if field.type.is_container:
-        accum = field.c_accessor_name + '(' + accum + ')'
-        return _c_iterator_get_end(field.type.last_varsized_field, accum)
-    if field.type.is_list:
-        # XXX we can always use the first way
-        if field.type.member.is_simple:
-            return field.c_end_name + '(' + accum + ')'
-        else:
-            return field.type.member.c_end_name + '(' + field.c_iterator_name + '(' + accum + '))'
-
-def _c_iterator(self, name):
-    '''
-    Declares the iterator structure and next/end functions for a given type.
-    '''
-    _h_setlevel(0)
-    _h('')
-    _h('/**')
-    _h(' * @brief %s', self.c_iterator_type)
-    _h(' **/')
-    _h('typedef struct %s {', self.c_iterator_type)
-    _h('    %s *data; /**<  */', self.c_type)
-    _h('    int%s rem; /**<  */', ' ' * (len(self.c_type) - 2))
-    _h('    int%s index; /**<  */', ' ' * (len(self.c_type) - 2))
-    _h('} %s;', self.c_iterator_type)
-
-    _h_setlevel(1)
-    _c_setlevel(1)
-    _h('')
-    _h('/**')
-    _h(' * Get the next element of the iterator')
-    _h(' * @param i Pointer to a %s', self.c_iterator_type)
-    _h(' *')
-    _h(' * Get the next element in the iterator. The member rem is')
-    _h(' * decreased by one. The member data points to the next')
-    _h(' * element. The member index is increased by sizeof(%s)', self.c_type)
-    _h(' */')
-    _c('')
-    _hc('')
-    _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
-    _hc(' **')
-    _hc(' ** void %s', self.c_next_name)
-    _hc(' ** ')
-    _hc(' ** @param %s *i', self.c_iterator_type)
-    _hc(' ** @returns void')
-    _hc(' **')
-    _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
-    _hc(' ')
-    _hc('void')
-    _h('%s (%s *i  /**< */);', self.c_next_name, self.c_iterator_type)
-    _c('%s (%s *i  /**< */)', self.c_next_name, self.c_iterator_type)
-    _c('{')
-
-    if not self.fixed_size():
-        _c('    %s *R = i->data;', self.c_type)
-
-        if self.is_union:
-            # FIXME - how to determine the size of a variable size union??
-            _c('    /* FIXME - determine the size of the union %s */', self.c_type)            
-        else:
-            if self.need_sizeof:
-                _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child;')
-                _c('    child.data = (%s *)(((char *)R) + %s(R));', 
-                   self.c_type, self.c_sizeof_name)
-                _c('    i->index = (char *) child.data - (char *) i->data;')
-            else:
-                _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(self.last_varsized_field, 'R'))
-                _c('    i->index = child.index;')
-            _c('    --i->rem;')
-            _c('    i->data = (%s *) child.data;', self.c_type)
-
-    else:
-        _c('    --i->rem;')
-        _c('    ++i->data;')
-        _c('    i->index += sizeof(%s);', self.c_type)
-
-    _c('}')
-
-    _h('')
-    _h('/**')
-    _h(' * Return the iterator pointing to the last element')
-    _h(' * @param i An %s', self.c_iterator_type)
-    _h(' * @return  The iterator pointing to the last element')
-    _h(' *')
-    _h(' * Set the current element in the iterator to the last element.')
-    _h(' * The member rem is set to 0. The member data points to the')
-    _h(' * last element.')
-    _h(' */')
-    _c('')
-    _hc('')
-    _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
-    _hc(' **')
-    _hc(' ** xcb_generic_iterator_t %s', self.c_end_name)
-    _hc(' ** ')
-    _hc(' ** @param %s i', self.c_iterator_type)
-    _hc(' ** @returns xcb_generic_iterator_t')
-    _hc(' **')
-    _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
-    _hc(' ')
-    _hc('xcb_generic_iterator_t')
-    _h('%s (%s i  /**< */);', self.c_end_name, self.c_iterator_type)
-    _c('%s (%s i  /**< */)', self.c_end_name, self.c_iterator_type)
-    _c('{')
-    _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t ret;')
-
-    if self.fixed_size():
-        _c('    ret.data = i.data + i.rem;')
-        _c('    ret.index = i.index + ((char *) ret.data - (char *) i.data);')
-        _c('    ret.rem = 0;')
-    else:
-        _c('    while(i.rem > 0)')
-        _c('        %s(&i);', self.c_next_name)
-        _c('    ret.data = i.data;')
-        _c('    ret.rem = i.rem;')
-        _c('    ret.index = i.index;')
-
-    _c('    return ret;')
-    _c('}')
-
-def _c_accessor_get_length(expr, field_mapping=None):
-    '''
-    Figures out what C code is needed to get a length field.
-    The field_mapping parameter can be used to change the absolute name of a length field. 
-    For fields that follow a variable-length field, use the accessor.
-    Otherwise, just reference the structure field directly.
-    '''
-
-    lenfield_name = expr.lenfield_name
-    if lenfield_name is not None:
-        if field_mapping is not None:
-            lenfield_name = field_mapping[lenfield_name][0]
- 
-    if expr.lenfield is not None and expr.lenfield.prev_varsized_field is not None:
-        # special case: variable and fixed size fields are intermixed
-        # if the lenfield is among the fixed size fields, there is no need
-        # to call a special accessor function like <expr.lenfield.c_accessor_name + '(' + prefix + ')'>
-        return field_mapping(expr.lenfield_name)
-    elif expr.lenfield_name is not None:
-        return lenfield_name
-    else:
-        return str(expr.nmemb)
-
-def _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, field_mapping):
-    '''
-    Figures out what C code is needed to get the length of a list field.
-    The field_mapping parameter can be used to change the absolute name of a length field. 
-    Recurses for math operations.
-    Returns bitcount for value-mask fields.
-    Otherwise, uses the value of the length field.
-    '''
-    lenexp = _c_accessor_get_length(expr, field_mapping)
-
-    if expr.op == '~':
-        return '(' + '~' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, field_mapping) + ')'
-    elif expr.op == 'popcount':
-        return 'xcb_popcount(' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, field_mapping) + ')'
-    elif expr.op == 'enumref':
-        enum_name = expr.lenfield_type.name
-        constant_name = expr.lenfield_name
-        c_name = _n(enum_name + (constant_name,)).upper()
-        return c_name
-    elif expr.op == 'sumof':
-        # locate the referenced list object
-        list_obj = expr.lenfield_type
-        field = None
-        for f in expr.lenfield_parent.fields:
-            if f.field_name == expr.lenfield_name:
-                field = f
-                break
-
-        if field is None:
-            raise Exception("list field '%s' referenced by sumof not found" % expr.lenfield_name)
-        list_name = field_mapping[field.c_field_name][0]
-        c_length_func = "%s(%s)" % (field.c_length_name, list_name)
-        # note: xcb_sumof() has only been defined for integers
-        c_length_func = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, field_mapping)
-        return 'xcb_sumof(%s, %s)' % (list_name, c_length_func)
-    elif expr.op != None:
-        return ('(' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.lhs, field_mapping) + 
-                ' ' + expr.op + ' ' + 
-                _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, field_mapping) + ')')
-    elif expr.bitfield:
-        return 'xcb_popcount(' + lenexp + ')'
-    else:
-        return lenexp
-
-def type_pad_type(type):
-    if type == 'void':
-        return 'char'
-    return type
-
-def _c_accessors_field(self, field):
-    '''
-    Declares the accessor functions for a non-list field that follows a variable-length field.
-    '''
-    c_type = self.c_type
-
-    # special case: switch
-    switch_obj = self if self.is_switch else None
-    if self.is_bitcase:
-        switch_obj = self.parents[-1]
-    if switch_obj is not None:
-        c_type = switch_obj.c_type
-
-    if field.type.is_simple:
-        _hc('')
-        _hc('')
-        _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
-        _hc(' ** ')
-        _hc(' ** %s %s', field.c_field_type, field.c_accessor_name)
-        _hc(' ** ')
-        _hc(' ** @param const %s *R', c_type)
-        _hc(' ** @returns %s', field.c_field_type)
-        _hc(' **')
-        _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
-        _hc(' ')
-        _hc('%s', field.c_field_type)
-        _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)
-        _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)
-        _c('{')
-        if field.prev_varsized_field is None:
-            _c('    return (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)
-        else:
-            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
-            _c('    return * (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);', 
-               field.c_field_type, type_pad_type(field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type), field.prev_varsized_offset)
-        _c('}')
-    else:
-        _hc('')
-        _hc('')
-        _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
-        _hc(' **')
-        _hc(' ** %s * %s', field.c_field_type, field.c_accessor_name)
-        _hc(' ** ')
-        _hc(' ** @param const %s *R', c_type)
-        _hc(' ** @returns %s *', field.c_field_type)
-        _hc(' **')
-        _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
-        _hc(' ')
-        if field.type.is_switch and switch_obj is None:
-            return_type = 'void *'
-        else:
-            return_type = '%s *' % field.c_field_type
-
-        _hc(return_type)
-        _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)
-        _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)
-        _c('{')
-        if field.prev_varsized_field is None:
-            _c('    return (%s) (R + 1);', return_type)
-            # note: the special case 'variable fields followed by fixed size fields'
-            #       is not of any consequence here, since the ordering gets 
-            #       'corrected' in the reply function
-        else:
-            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
-            _c('    return (%s) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);', 
-               return_type, type_pad_type(field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type), field.prev_varsized_offset)
-        _c('}')
-
-    
-def _c_accessors_list(self, field):
-    '''
-    Declares the accessor functions for a list field.
-    Declares a direct-accessor function only if the list members are fixed size.
-    Declares length and get-iterator functions always.
-    '''
-    list = field.type
-    c_type = self.c_type
-
-    # special case: switch
-    # in case of switch, 2 params have to be supplied to certain accessor functions:
-    #   1. the anchestor object (request or reply)
-    #   2. the (anchestor) switch object
-    # the reason is that switch is either a child of a request/reply or nested in another switch, 
-    # so whenever we need to access a length field, we might need to refer to some anchestor type
-    switch_obj = self if self.is_switch else None
-    if self.is_bitcase:
-        switch_obj = self.parents[-1]
-    if switch_obj is not None:
-        c_type = switch_obj.c_type
-
-    params = []
-    fields = {}
-    parents = self.parents if hasattr(self, 'parents') else [self]
-    # 'R': parents[0] is always the 'toplevel' container type 
-    params.append(('const %s *R' % parents[0].c_type, parents[0]))
-    fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(parents[0], [('R', '->', parents[0])], flat=True))
-    # auxiliary object for 'R' parameters
-    R_obj = parents[0]
-
-    if switch_obj is not None:
-        # now look where the fields are defined that are needed to evaluate 
-        # the switch expr, and store the parent objects in accessor_params and
-        # the fields in switch_fields
-
-        # 'S': name for the 'toplevel' switch
-        toplevel_switch = parents[1]
-        params.append(('const %s *S' % toplevel_switch.c_type, toplevel_switch))
-        fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(toplevel_switch, [('S', '->', toplevel_switch)], flat=True))
-
-        # initialize prefix for everything "below" S
-        prefix_str = '/* %s */ S' % toplevel_switch.name[-1]
-        prefix = [(prefix_str, '->', toplevel_switch)]
-
-        # look for fields in the remaining containers
-        for p in parents[2:] + [self]:
-            # the separator between parent and child is always '.' here, 
-            # because of nested switch statements
-            if not p.is_bitcase or (p.is_bitcase and p.has_name):
-                prefix.append((p.name[-1], '.', p))
-            fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(p, prefix, flat=True))
-
-        # auxiliary object for 'S' parameter
-        S_obj = parents[1]
-
-    _h_setlevel(1)
-    _c_setlevel(1)
-    if list.member.fixed_size():
-        idx = 1 if switch_obj is not None else 0
-        _hc('')
-        _hc('')
-        _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
-        _hc(' **')
-        _hc(' ** %s * %s', field.c_field_type, field.c_accessor_name)
-        _hc(' ** ')
-        _hc(' ** @param %s', params[idx][0])
-        _hc(' ** @returns %s *', field.c_field_type)
-        _hc(' **')
-        _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
-        _hc(' ')
-        _hc('%s *', field.c_field_type)
-
-        _h('%s (%s  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, params[idx][0])
-        _c('%s (%s  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, params[idx][0])
-
-        _c('{')
-        if switch_obj is not None:
-            _c('    return %s;', fields[field.c_field_name][0])
-        elif field.prev_varsized_field is None:
-            _c('    return (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)
-        else:
-            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
-            _c('    return (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);', 
-               field.c_field_type, type_pad_type(field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type), field.prev_varsized_offset)
-        _c('}')
-
-    _hc('')
-    _hc('')
-    _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
-    _hc(' **')
-    _hc(' ** int %s', field.c_length_name)
-    _hc(' ** ')
-    _hc(' ** @param const %s *R', c_type)
-    _hc(' ** @returns int')
-    _hc(' **')
-    _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
-    _hc(' ')
-    _hc('int')
-    if switch_obj is not None:
-        _hc('%s (const %s *R  /**< */,', field.c_length_name, R_obj.c_type)
-        spacing = ' '*(len(field.c_length_name)+2)
-        _h('%sconst %s *S /**< */);', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
-        _c('%sconst %s *S  /**< */)', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
-        length = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields)
-    else:
-        _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_length_name, c_type)
-        _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_length_name, c_type)
-        length = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields)
-    _c('{')
-    _c('    return %s;', length)
-    _c('}')
-
-    if field.type.member.is_simple:
-        _hc('')
-        _hc('')
-        _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
-        _hc(' **')
-        _hc(' ** xcb_generic_iterator_t %s', field.c_end_name)
-        _hc(' ** ')
-        _hc(' ** @param const %s *R', c_type)
-        _hc(' ** @returns xcb_generic_iterator_t')
-        _hc(' **')
-        _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
-        _hc(' ')
-        _hc('xcb_generic_iterator_t')
-        if switch_obj is not None:
-            _hc('%s (const %s *R  /**< */,', field.c_end_name, R_obj.c_type)
-            spacing = ' '*(len(field.c_end_name)+2)
-            _h('%sconst %s *S /**< */);', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
-            _c('%sconst %s *S  /**< */)', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
-        else:
-            _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_end_name, c_type)
-            _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_end_name, c_type)
-        _c('{')
-        _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t i;')
-        
-        param = 'R' if switch_obj is None else 'S'
-        if switch_obj is not None:
-            _c('    i.data = %s + %s;', fields[field.c_field_name][0], 
-               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))
-        elif field.prev_varsized_field == None:
-            _c('    i.data = ((%s *) (R + 1)) + (%s);', field.type.c_wiretype, 
-               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))
-        else:
-            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child = %s;', 
-               _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
-            _c('    i.data = ((%s *) child.data) + (%s);', field.type.c_wiretype, 
-               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))
-
-        _c('    i.rem = 0;')
-        _c('    i.index = (char *) i.data - (char *) %s;', param)
-        _c('    return i;')
-        _c('}')
-
-    else:
-        _hc('')
-        _hc('')
-        _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
-        _hc(' **')
-        _hc(' ** %s %s', field.c_iterator_type, field.c_iterator_name)
-        _hc(' ** ')
-        _hc(' ** @param const %s *R', c_type)
-        _hc(' ** @returns %s', field.c_iterator_type)
-        _hc(' **')
-        _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
-        _hc(' ')
-
-        _hc('%s', field.c_iterator_type)
-        if switch_obj is not None:
-            _hc('%s (const %s *R  /**< */,', field.c_iterator_name, R_obj.c_type)
-            spacing = ' '*(len(field.c_iterator_name)+2)
-            _h('%sconst %s *S /**< */);', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
-            _c('%sconst %s *S  /**< */)', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
-        else:
-            _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_iterator_name, c_type)
-            _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_iterator_name, c_type)
-        _c('{')
-        _c('    %s i;', field.c_iterator_type)
-
-        if switch_obj is not None:
-            _c('    i.data = %s;', fields[field.c_field_name][0])
-            _c('    i.rem = %s;', _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))
-        elif field.prev_varsized_field == None:
-            _c('    i.data = (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)
-        else:
-            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
-            _c('    i.data = (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index));', 
-               field.c_field_type, type_pad_type(field.c_field_type))
-        if switch_obj is None:
-            _c('    i.rem = %s;', _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))
-        _c('    i.index = (char *) i.data - (char *) %s;', 'R' if switch_obj is None else 'S' )
-        _c('    return i;')
-        _c('}')
-
-def _c_accessors(self, name, base):
-    '''
-    Declares the accessor functions for the fields of a structure.
-    '''
-    # no accessors for switch itself - 
-    # switch always needs to be unpacked explicitly
-#    if self.is_switch:
-#        pass
-#    else:
-    if True:
-        for field in self.fields:
-            if field.type.is_list and not field.type.fixed_size():
-                _c_accessors_list(self, field)
-            elif field.prev_varsized_field is not None or not field.type.fixed_size():
-                _c_accessors_field(self, field)
-
-def c_simple(self, name):
-    '''
-    Exported function that handles cardinal type declarations.
-    These are types which are typedef'd to one of the CARDx's, char, float, etc.
-    '''
-    _c_type_setup(self, name, ())
-
-    if (self.name != name):
-        # Typedef
-        _h_setlevel(0)
-        my_name = _t(name)
-        _h('')
-        _h('typedef %s %s;', _t(self.name), my_name)
-
-        # Iterator
-        _c_iterator(self, name)
-
-def _c_complex(self):
-    '''
-    Helper function for handling all structure types.
-    Called for all structs, requests, replies, events, errors.
-    '''
-    _h_setlevel(0)
-    _h('')
-    _h('/**')
-    _h(' * @brief %s', self.c_type)
-    _h(' **/')
-    _h('typedef %s %s {', self.c_container, self.c_type)
-
-    struct_fields = []
-    maxtypelen = 0
-
-    varfield = None
-    for field in self.fields:
-        if not field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_switch and not self.is_union:
-            varfield = field.c_field_name
-            continue
-        if field.wire:
-            struct_fields.append(field)
-    
-    for field in struct_fields:
-        length = len(field.c_field_type)
-        # account for '*' pointer_spec
-        if not field.type.fixed_size():
-            length += 1
-        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, length)
-
-    def _c_complex_field(self, field, space=''):
-        if (field.type.fixed_size() or 
-            # in case of switch with switch children, don't make the field a pointer
-            # necessary for unserialize to work
-            (self.is_switch and field.type.is_switch)):
-            spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(field.c_field_type))
-            _h('%s    %s%s %s%s; /**<  */', space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript)
-        else:
-            spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - (len(field.c_field_type) + 1))
-            _h('%s    %s%s *%s%s; /**<  */', space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript)
-
-    if not self.is_switch:
-        for field in struct_fields:
-            _c_complex_field(self, field)
-    else:
-        for b in self.bitcases:
-            space = ''
-            if b.type.has_name:
-                _h('    struct _%s {', b.c_field_name)
-                space = '    '
-            for field in b.type.fields:
-                _c_complex_field(self, field, space)
-            if b.type.has_name:
-                _h('    } %s;', b.c_field_name)
-
-    _h('} %s;', self.c_type)
-
-def c_struct(self, name):
-    '''
-    Exported function that handles structure declarations.
-    '''
-    _c_type_setup(self, name, ())
-    _c_complex(self)
-    _c_accessors(self, name, name)
-    _c_iterator(self, name)
-
-def c_union(self, name):
-    '''
-    Exported function that handles union declarations.
-    '''
-    _c_type_setup(self, name, ())
-    _c_complex(self)
-    _c_iterator(self, name)
-
-def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular, aux=False):
-    '''
-    Declares a request function.
-    '''
-
-    # Four stunningly confusing possibilities here:
-    #
-    #   Void            Non-void
-    # ------------------------------
-    # "req"            "req"
-    # 0 flag           CHECKED flag   Normal Mode
-    # void_cookie      req_cookie
-    # ------------------------------
-    # "req_checked"    "req_unchecked"
-    # CHECKED flag     0 flag         Abnormal Mode
-    # void_cookie      req_cookie
-    # ------------------------------
-
-
-    # Whether we are _checked or _unchecked
-    checked = void and not regular
-    unchecked = not void and not regular
-
-    # What kind of cookie we return
-    func_cookie = 'xcb_void_cookie_t' if void else self.c_cookie_type
-
-    # What flag is passed to xcb_request
-    func_flags = '0' if (void and regular) or (not void and not regular) else 'XCB_REQUEST_CHECKED'
-
-    # Global extension id variable or NULL for xproto
-    func_ext_global = '&' + _ns.c_ext_global_name if _ns.is_ext else '0'
-
-    # What our function name is
-    func_name = self.c_request_name if not aux else self.c_aux_name
-    if checked:
-        func_name = self.c_checked_name if not aux else self.c_aux_checked_name
-    if unchecked:
-        func_name = self.c_unchecked_name if not aux else self.c_aux_unchecked_name
-
-    param_fields = []
-    wire_fields = []
-    maxtypelen = len('xcb_connection_t')
-    serial_fields = []
-    # special case: list with variable size elements
-    list_with_var_size_elems = False
-
-    for field in self.fields:
-        if field.visible:
-            # The field should appear as a call parameter
-            param_fields.append(field)
-        if field.wire and not field.auto:
-            # We need to set the field up in the structure
-            wire_fields.append(field)
-        if field.type.need_serialize or field.type.need_sizeof:
-            serial_fields.append(field)
-        
-    for field in param_fields:
-        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type 
-        if field.type.need_serialize and not aux:
-            c_field_const_type = "const void"
-        if len(c_field_const_type) > maxtypelen:
-            maxtypelen = len(c_field_const_type)
-        if field.type.is_list and not field.type.member.fixed_size():
-            list_with_var_size_elems = True
-
-    _h_setlevel(1)
-    _c_setlevel(1)
-    _h('')
-    _h('/**')
-    _h(' * Delivers a request to the X server')
-    _h(' * @param c The connection')
-    _h(' * @return A cookie')
-    _h(' *')
-    _h(' * Delivers a request to the X server.')
-    _h(' * ')
-    if checked:
-        _h(' * This form can be used only if the request will not cause')
-        _h(' * a reply to be generated. Any returned error will be')
-        _h(' * saved for handling by xcb_request_check().')
-    if unchecked:
-        _h(' * This form can be used only if the request will cause')
-        _h(' * a reply to be generated. Any returned error will be')
-        _h(' * placed in the event queue.')
-    _h(' */')
-    _c('')
-    _hc('')
-    _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
-    _hc(' **')
-    _hc(' ** %s %s', cookie_type, func_name)
-    _hc(' ** ')
-
-    spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len('xcb_connection_t'))
-    _hc(' ** @param xcb_connection_t%s *c', spacing)
-
-    for field in param_fields:
-        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type 
-        if field.type.need_serialize and not aux:
-            c_field_const_type = "const void"
-        spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(c_field_const_type))
-        _hc(' ** @param %s%s %s%s', c_field_const_type, spacing, field.c_pointer, field.c_field_name)
-
-    _hc(' ** @returns %s', cookie_type)
-    _hc(' **')
-    _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
-    _hc(' ')
-    _hc('%s', cookie_type)
-
-    spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len('xcb_connection_t'))
-    comma = ',' if len(param_fields) else ');'
-    _h('%s (xcb_connection_t%s *c  /**< */%s', func_name, spacing, comma)
-    comma = ',' if len(param_fields) else ')'
-    _c('%s (xcb_connection_t%s *c  /**< */%s', func_name, spacing, comma)
-
-    func_spacing = ' ' * (len(func_name) + 2)
-    count = len(param_fields)
-    for field in param_fields:
-        count = count - 1
-        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type 
-        c_pointer = field.c_pointer
-        if field.type.need_serialize and not aux:
-            c_field_const_type = "const void"
-            c_pointer = '*'
-        spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(c_field_const_type))
-        comma = ',' if count else ');'
-        _h('%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */%s', func_spacing, c_field_const_type, 
-           spacing, c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)
-        comma = ',' if count else ')'
-        _c('%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */%s', func_spacing, c_field_const_type, 
-           spacing, c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)
-
-    count = 2
-    if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-        for field in param_fields:
-            if not field.type.fixed_size():
-                count = count + 2
-                if field.type.need_serialize:
-                    # _serialize() keeps track of padding automatically
-                    count -= 1
-    dimension = count + 2
-
-    _c('{')
-    _c('    static const xcb_protocol_request_t xcb_req = {')
-    _c('        /* count */ %d,', count)
-    _c('        /* ext */ %s,', func_ext_global)
-    _c('        /* opcode */ %s,', self.c_request_name.upper())
-    _c('        /* isvoid */ %d', 1 if void else 0)
-    _c('    };')
-    _c('    ')
-
-    _c('    struct iovec xcb_parts[%d];', dimension)
-    _c('    %s xcb_ret;', func_cookie)
-    _c('    %s xcb_out;', self.c_type)
-    if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-        _c('    /* in the protocol description, variable size fields are followed by fixed size fields */')
-        _c('    void *xcb_aux = 0;')
-        
-
-    for idx, f in enumerate(serial_fields):
-        if aux:
-            _c('    void *xcb_aux%d = 0;' % (idx))
-    if list_with_var_size_elems:
-        _c('    unsigned int i;')
-        _c('    unsigned int xcb_tmp_len;')
-        _c('    char *xcb_tmp;')
-    _c('    ')
-    # simple request call tracing
-#    _c('    printf("in function %s\\n");' % func_name)     
- 
-    # fixed size fields
-    for field in wire_fields:
-        if field.type.fixed_size():
-            if field.type.is_expr:
-                _c('    xcb_out.%s = %s;', field.c_field_name, _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, None))
-            elif field.type.is_pad:
-                if field.type.nmemb == 1:
-                    _c('    xcb_out.%s = 0;', field.c_field_name)
-                else:
-                    _c('    memset(xcb_out.%s, 0, %d);', field.c_field_name, field.type.nmemb)
-            else:
-                if field.type.nmemb == 1:
-                    _c('    xcb_out.%s = %s;', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
-                else:
-                    _c('    memcpy(xcb_out.%s, %s, %d);', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name, field.type.nmemb)
-
-    def get_serialize_args(type_obj, c_field_name, aux_var, context='serialize'):
-        serialize_args = get_serialize_params(context, type_obj, 
-                                              c_field_name, 
-                                              aux_var)[2]
-        return reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x,y), [a[2] for a in serialize_args])
-
-    # calls in order to free dyn. all. memory
-    free_calls = []
-
-    _c('    ')
-    if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_base = (char *) &xcb_out;')
-        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_len = sizeof(xcb_out);')
-        _c('    xcb_parts[3].iov_base = 0;')
-        _c('    xcb_parts[3].iov_len = -xcb_parts[2].iov_len & 3;')
-
-        count = 4
-
-        for field in param_fields:
-            if not field.type.fixed_size():
-                _c('    /* %s %s */', field.type.c_type, field.c_field_name)
-                # default: simple cast to char *
-                if not field.type.need_serialize and not field.type.need_sizeof:
-                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) %s;', count, field.c_field_name)
-                    if field.type.is_list:
-                        if field.type.member.fixed_size():
-                            _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = %s * sizeof(%s);', count, 
-                               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, None), 
-                               field.type.member.c_wiretype)
-                        else:
-                            list_length = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, None)
-    
-                            length = ''
-                            _c("    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = 0;" % count)
-                            _c("    xcb_tmp = (char *)%s;", field.c_field_name)
-                            _c("    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) {" % list_length)
-                            _c("        xcb_tmp_len = %s(xcb_tmp);" % 
-                                              (field.type.c_sizeof_name))
-                            _c("        xcb_parts[%d].iov_len += xcb_tmp_len;" % count)
-                            _c("        xcb_tmp += xcb_tmp_len;")
-                            _c("    }")                        
-                    else:
-                        # not supposed to happen
-                        raise Exception("unhandled variable size field %s" % field.c_field_name)
-                else:
-                    if not aux:
-                        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) %s;', count, field.c_field_name)
-                    idx = serial_fields.index(field)
-                    aux_var = '&xcb_aux%d' % idx
-                    context = 'serialize' if aux else 'sizeof'
-                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = ', count)
-                    if aux:
-                        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(field.type, aux_var, field.c_field_name, context)
-                        _c('      %s (%s);', field.type.c_serialize_name, serialize_args)
-                        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = xcb_aux%d;' % (count, idx))
-                        free_calls.append('    free(xcb_aux%d);' % idx)
-                    else:
-                        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(field.type, field.c_field_name, aux_var, context)
-                        func_name = field.type.c_sizeof_name
-                        _c('      %s (%s);', func_name, serialize_args)
-
-                count += 1
-                if not (field.type.need_serialize or field.type.need_sizeof):
-                    # the _serialize() function keeps track of padding automatically
-                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = 0;', count)
-                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = -xcb_parts[%d].iov_len & 3;', count, count-1)
-                    count += 1
-
-    # elif self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-    else:
-        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_base = (char *) &xcb_out;')
-        # request header: opcodes + length
-        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_len = 2*sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(uint16_t);') 
-        count += 1
-        # call _serialize()
-        buffer_var = '&xcb_aux'
-        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(self, buffer_var, '&xcb_out', 'serialize')
-        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = %s (%s);', count, self.c_serialize_name, serialize_args)
-        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) xcb_aux;', count)
-        free_calls.append('    free(xcb_aux);')
-        # no padding necessary - _serialize() keeps track of padding automatically
-
-    _c('    ')
-    _c('    xcb_ret.sequence = xcb_send_request(c, %s, xcb_parts + 2, &xcb_req);', func_flags)
-    
-    # free dyn. all. data, if any
-    for f in free_calls:
-        _c(f)
-    _c('    return xcb_ret;')
-    _c('}')
-
-def _c_reply(self, name):
-    '''
-    Declares the function that returns the reply structure.
-    '''
-    spacing1 = ' ' * (len(self.c_cookie_type) - len('xcb_connection_t'))
-    spacing2 = ' ' * (len(self.c_cookie_type) - len('xcb_generic_error_t'))
-    spacing3 = ' ' * (len(self.c_reply_name) + 2)
-    
-    # check if _unserialize() has to be called for any field
-    def look_for_special_cases(complex_obj):
-        unserialize_fields = []
-        # no unserialize call in case of switch
-        if not complex_obj.is_switch:
-            for field in complex_obj.fields:
-                # three cases: 1. field with special case
-                #              2. container that contains special case field
-                #              3. list with special case elements
-                if field.type.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-                    unserialize_fields.append(field)
-                elif field.type.is_container:
-                    unserialize_fields += look_for_special_cases(field.type)
-                elif field.type.is_list:
-                    if field.type.member.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
-                        unserialize_fields.append(field)
-                    if field.type.member.is_container:
-                        unserialize_fields += look_for_special_cases(field.type.member)
-        return unserialize_fields
-    
-    unserialize_fields = look_for_special_cases(self.reply)
-    
-    _h('')
-    _h('/**')
-    _h(' * Return the reply')
-    _h(' * @param c      The connection')
-    _h(' * @param cookie The cookie')
-    _h(' * @param e      The xcb_generic_error_t supplied')
-    _h(' *')
-    _h(' * Returns the reply of the request asked by')
-    _h(' * ')
-    _h(' * The parameter @p e supplied to this function must be NULL if')
-    _h(' * %s(). is used.', self.c_unchecked_name)
-    _h(' * Otherwise, it stores the error if any.')
-    _h(' *')
-    _h(' * The returned value must be freed by the caller using free().')
-    _h(' */')
-    _c('')
-    _hc('')
-    _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
-    _hc(' **')
-    _hc(' ** %s * %s', self.c_reply_type, self.c_reply_name)
-    _hc(' ** ')
-    _hc(' ** @param xcb_connection_t%s  *c', spacing1)
-    _hc(' ** @param %s   cookie', self.c_cookie_type)
-    _hc(' ** @param xcb_generic_error_t%s **e', spacing2)
-    _hc(' ** @returns %s *', self.c_reply_type)
-    _hc(' **')
-    _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
-    _hc(' ')
-    _hc('%s *', self.c_reply_type)
-    _hc('%s (xcb_connection_t%s  *c  /**< */,', self.c_reply_name, spacing1)
-    _hc('%s%s   cookie  /**< */,', spacing3, self.c_cookie_type)
-    _h('%sxcb_generic_error_t%s **e  /**< */);', spacing3, spacing2)
-    _c('%sxcb_generic_error_t%s **e  /**< */)', spacing3, spacing2)
-    _c('{')
-    
-    if len(unserialize_fields)>0:
-        # certain variable size fields need to be unserialized explicitly
-        _c('    %s *reply = (%s *) xcb_wait_for_reply(c, cookie.sequence, e);', 
-           self.c_reply_type, self.c_reply_type)
-        _c('    int i;')
-        for field in unserialize_fields:
-            if field.type.is_list:
-                _c('    %s %s_iter = %s(reply);', field.c_iterator_type, field.c_field_name, field.c_iterator_name)
-                _c('    int %s_len = %s(reply);', field.c_field_name, field.c_length_name)
-                _c('    %s *%s_data;', field.c_field_type, field.c_field_name)
-            else:
-                raise Exception('not implemented: call _unserialize() in reply for non-list type %s', field.c_field_type)
-        # call _unserialize(), using the reply as source and target buffer
-        _c('    /* special cases: transform parts of the reply to match XCB data structures */')
-        for field in unserialize_fields:
-            if field.type.is_list:
-                _c('    for(i=0; i<%s_len; i++) {', field.c_field_name)
-                _c('        %s_data = %s_iter.data;', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
-                _c('        %s((const void *)%s_data, &%s_data);', field.type.c_unserialize_name, 
-                   field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
-                _c('        %s(&%s_iter);', field.type.c_next_name, field.c_field_name)
-                _c('    }')
-        # return the transformed reply
-        _c('    return reply;')
-    
-    else:
-        _c('    return (%s *) xcb_wait_for_reply(c, cookie.sequence, e);', self.c_reply_type)
-
-    _c('}')
-
-def _c_opcode(name, opcode):
-    '''
-    Declares the opcode define for requests, events, and errors.
-    '''
-    _h_setlevel(0)
-    _h('')
-    _h('/** Opcode for %s. */', _n(name))
-    _h('#define %s %s', _n(name).upper(), opcode)
-    
-def _c_cookie(self, name):
-    '''
-    Declares the cookie type for a non-void request.
-    '''
-    _h_setlevel(0)
-    _h('')
-    _h('/**')
-    _h(' * @brief %s', self.c_cookie_type)
-    _h(' **/')
-    _h('typedef struct %s {', self.c_cookie_type)
-    _h('    unsigned int sequence; /**<  */')
-    _h('} %s;', self.c_cookie_type)
-
-def c_request(self, name):
-    '''
-    Exported function that handles request declarations.
-    '''
-    _c_type_setup(self, name, ('request',))
-
-    if self.reply:
-        # Cookie type declaration
-        _c_cookie(self, name)
-
-    # Opcode define
-    _c_opcode(name, self.opcode)
-
-    # Request structure declaration
-    _c_complex(self)
-
-    if self.reply:
-        _c_type_setup(self.reply, name, ('reply',))
-        # Reply structure definition
-        _c_complex(self.reply)
-        # Request prototypes
-        _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, True)
-        _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, False)
-        if self.need_aux:
-            _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, True, True)
-            _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, False, True)
-        # Reply accessors
-        _c_accessors(self.reply, name + ('reply',), name)
-        _c_reply(self, name)
-    else:
-        # Request prototypes
-        _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, False)
-        _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, True)
-        if self.need_aux:
-            _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, False, True)
-            _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, True, True)
-
-
-def c_event(self, name):
-    '''
-    Exported function that handles event declarations.
-    '''
-    _c_type_setup(self, name, ('event',))
-
-    # Opcode define
-    _c_opcode(name, self.opcodes[name])
-
-    if self.name == name:
-        # Structure definition
-        _c_complex(self)
-    else:
-        # Typedef
-        _h('')
-        _h('typedef %s %s;', _t(self.name + ('event',)), _t(name + ('event',)))
-
-def c_error(self, name):
-    '''
-    Exported function that handles error declarations.
-    '''
-    _c_type_setup(self, name, ('error',))
-
-    # Opcode define
-    _c_opcode(name, self.opcodes[name])
-
-    if self.name == name:
-        # Structure definition
-        _c_complex(self)
-    else:
-        # Typedef
-        _h('')
-        _h('typedef %s %s;', _t(self.name + ('error',)), _t(name + ('error',)))
-
-
-# Main routine starts here
-
-# Must create an "output" dictionary before any xcbgen imports.
-output = {'open'    : c_open,
-          'close'   : c_close,
-          'simple'  : c_simple,
-          'enum'    : c_enum,
-          'struct'  : c_struct,
-          'union'   : c_union,
-          'request' : c_request,
-          'event'   : c_event,
-          'error'   : c_error, 
-          }
-
-# Boilerplate below this point
-
-# Check for the argument that specifies path to the xcbgen python package.
-try:
-    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'p:')
-except getopt.GetoptError, err:
-    print str(err)
-    print 'Usage: c_client.py [-p path] file.xml'
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-for (opt, arg) in opts:
-    if opt == '-p':
-        sys.path.append(arg)
-
-# Import the module class
-try:
-    from xcbgen.state import Module
-except ImportError:
-    print ''
-    print 'Failed to load the xcbgen Python package!'
-    print 'Make sure that xcb/proto installed it on your Python path.'
-    print 'If not, you will need to create a .pth file or define $PYTHONPATH'
-    print 'to extend the path.'
-    print 'Refer to the README file in xcb/proto for more info.'
-    print ''
-    raise
-
-# Parse the xml header
-module = Module(args[0], output)
-
-# Build type-registry and resolve type dependencies
-module.register()
-module.resolve()
-
-# Output the code
-module.generate()
+#!/usr/bin/env python

+from xml.etree.cElementTree import *

+from os.path import basename

+from functools import reduce

+import getopt

+import sys

+import re

+

+# Jump to the bottom of this file for the main routine

+

+# Some hacks to make the API more readable, and to keep backwards compability

+_cname_re = re.compile('([A-Z0-9][a-z]+|[A-Z0-9]+(?![a-z])|[a-z]+)')

+_cname_special_cases = {'DECnet':'decnet'}

+

+_extension_special_cases = ['XPrint', 'XCMisc', 'BigRequests']

+

+_cplusplus_annoyances = {'class' : '_class',

+                         'new'   : '_new',

+                         'delete': '_delete'}

+_c_keywords = {'default' : '_default'}

+

+_hlines = []

+_hlevel = 0

+_clines = []

+_clevel = 0

+_ns = None

+

+# global variable to keep track of serializers and 

+# switch data types due to weird dependencies

+finished_serializers = []

+finished_sizeof = []

+finished_switch = []

+

+def _h(fmt, *args):

+    '''

+    Writes the given line to the header file.

+    '''

+    _hlines[_hlevel].append(fmt % args)

+    

+def _c(fmt, *args):

+    '''

+    Writes the given line to the source file.

+    '''

+    _clines[_clevel].append(fmt % args)

+    

+def _hc(fmt, *args):

+    '''

+    Writes the given line to both the header and source files.

+    '''

+    _h(fmt, *args)

+    _c(fmt, *args)

+

+# XXX See if this level thing is really necessary.

+def _h_setlevel(idx):

+    '''

+    Changes the array that header lines are written to.

+    Supports writing different sections of the header file.

+    '''

+    global _hlevel

+    while len(_hlines) <= idx:

+        _hlines.append([])

+    _hlevel = idx

+    

+def _c_setlevel(idx):

+    '''

+    Changes the array that source lines are written to.

+    Supports writing to different sections of the source file.

+    '''

+    global _clevel

+    while len(_clines) <= idx:

+        _clines.append([])

+    _clevel = idx

+    

+def _n_item(str):

+    '''

+    Does C-name conversion on a single string fragment.

+    Uses a regexp with some hard-coded special cases.

+    '''

+    if str in _cname_special_cases:

+        return _cname_special_cases[str]

+    else:

+        split = _cname_re.finditer(str)

+        name_parts = [match.group(0) for match in split]

+        return '_'.join(name_parts)

+    

+def _cpp(str):

+    '''

+    Checks for certain C++ reserved words and fixes them.

+    '''

+    if str in _cplusplus_annoyances:

+        return _cplusplus_annoyances[str]

+    elif str in _c_keywords:

+        return  _c_keywords[str]

+    else:

+        return str

+

+def _ext(str):

+    '''

+    Does C-name conversion on an extension name.

+    Has some additional special cases on top of _n_item.

+    '''

+    if str in _extension_special_cases:

+        return _n_item(str).lower()

+    else:

+        return str.lower()

+    

+def _n(list):

+    '''

+    Does C-name conversion on a tuple of strings.

+    Different behavior depending on length of tuple, extension/not extension, etc.

+    Basically C-name converts the individual pieces, then joins with underscores.

+    '''

+    if len(list) == 1:

+        parts = list

+    elif len(list) == 2:

+        parts = [list[0], _n_item(list[1])]

+    elif _ns.is_ext:

+        parts = [list[0], _ext(list[1])] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[2:]]

+    else:

+        parts = [list[0]] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[1:]]

+    return '_'.join(parts).lower()

+

+def _t(list):

+    '''

+    Does C-name conversion on a tuple of strings representing a type.

+    Same as _n but adds a "_t" on the end.

+    '''

+    if len(list) == 1:

+        parts = list

+    elif len(list) == 2:

+        parts = [list[0], _n_item(list[1]), 't']

+    elif _ns.is_ext:

+        parts = [list[0], _ext(list[1])] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[2:]] + ['t']

+    else:

+        parts = [list[0]] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[1:]] + ['t']

+    return '_'.join(parts).lower()

+        

+

+def c_open(self):

+    '''

+    Exported function that handles module open.

+    Opens the files and writes out the auto-generated comment, header file includes, etc.

+    '''

+    global _ns

+    _ns = self.namespace

+    _ns.c_ext_global_name = _n(_ns.prefix + ('id',))

+

+    # Build the type-name collision avoidance table used by c_enum

+    build_collision_table()

+

+    _h_setlevel(0)

+    _c_setlevel(0)

+

+    _hc('/*')

+    _hc(' * This file generated automatically from %s by c_client.py.', _ns.file)

+    _hc(' * Edit at your peril.')

+    _hc(' */')

+    _hc('')

+

+    _h('/**')

+    _h(' * @defgroup XCB_%s_API XCB %s API', _ns.ext_name, _ns.ext_name)

+    _h(' * @brief %s XCB Protocol Implementation.', _ns.ext_name)

+    _h(' * @{')

+    _h(' **/')

+    _h('')

+    _h('#ifndef __%s_H', _ns.header.upper())

+    _h('#define __%s_H', _ns.header.upper())

+    _h('')

+    _h('#include "xcb.h"')

+

+    _c('#include <stdlib.h>')

+    _c('#include <string.h>')

+    _c('#include <assert.h>')

+    _c('#include "xcbext.h"')

+    _c('#include "%s.h"', _ns.header)

+    _c('#include <X11/Xtrans/Xtrans.h>')

+        

+    if _ns.is_ext:

+        for (n, h) in self.imports:

+            _hc('#include "%s.h"', h)

+

+    _h('')

+    _h('#ifdef __cplusplus')

+    _h('extern "C" {')

+    _h('#endif')

+

+    if _ns.is_ext:

+        _h('')

+        _h('#define XCB_%s_MAJOR_VERSION %s', _ns.ext_name.upper(), _ns.major_version)

+        _h('#define XCB_%s_MINOR_VERSION %s', _ns.ext_name.upper(), _ns.minor_version)

+        _h('  ') #XXX

+        _h('extern xcb_extension_t %s;', _ns.c_ext_global_name)

+

+        _c('')

+        _c('xcb_extension_t %s = { "%s", 0 };', _ns.c_ext_global_name, _ns.ext_xname)

+

+def c_close(self):

+    '''

+    Exported function that handles module close.

+    Writes out all the stored content lines, then closes the files.

+    '''

+    _h_setlevel(2)

+    _c_setlevel(2)

+    _hc('')

+

+    _h('')

+    _h('#ifdef __cplusplus')

+    _h('}')

+    _h('#endif')

+

+    _h('')

+    _h('#endif')

+    _h('')

+    _h('/**')

+    _h(' * @}')

+    _h(' */')

+

+    # Write header file

+    hfile = open('%s.h' % _ns.header, 'w')

+    for list in _hlines:

+        for line in list:

+            hfile.write(line)

+            hfile.write('\n')

+    hfile.close()

+

+    # Write source file

+    cfile = open('%s.c' % _ns.header, 'w')

+    for list in _clines:

+        for line in list:

+            cfile.write(line)

+            cfile.write('\n')

+    cfile.close()

+

+def build_collision_table():

+    global namecount

+    namecount = {}

+

+    for v in module.types.values():

+        name = _t(v[0])

+        namecount[name] = (namecount.get(name) or 0) + 1

+

+def c_enum(self, name):

+    '''

+    Exported function that handles enum declarations.

+    '''

+

+    tname = _t(name)

+    if namecount[tname] > 1:

+        tname = _t(name + ('enum',))

+

+    _h_setlevel(0)

+    _h('')

+    _h('typedef enum %s {', tname)

+

+    count = len(self.values)

+

+    for (enam, eval) in self.values:

+        count = count - 1

+        equals = ' = ' if eval != '' else ''

+        comma = ',' if count > 0 else ''

+        _h('    %s%s%s%s', _n(name + (enam,)).upper(), equals, eval, comma)

+

+    _h('} %s;', tname)

+

+def _c_type_setup(self, name, postfix):

+    '''

+    Sets up all the C-related state by adding additional data fields to

+    all Field and Type objects.  Here is where we figure out most of our

+    variable and function names.

+

+    Recurses into child fields and list member types.

+    '''

+    # Do all the various names in advance

+    self.c_type = _t(name + postfix)

+    self.c_wiretype = 'char' if self.c_type == 'void' else self.c_type

+

+    self.c_iterator_type = _t(name + ('iterator',))

+    self.c_next_name = _n(name + ('next',))

+    self.c_end_name = _n(name + ('end',))

+

+    self.c_request_name = _n(name)

+    self.c_checked_name = _n(name + ('checked',))

+    self.c_unchecked_name = _n(name + ('unchecked',))

+    self.c_reply_name = _n(name + ('reply',))

+    self.c_reply_type = _t(name + ('reply',))

+    self.c_cookie_type = _t(name + ('cookie',))

+

+    self.need_aux = False

+    self.need_serialize = False

+    self.need_sizeof = False

+

+    self.c_aux_name = _n(name + ('aux',))

+    self.c_aux_checked_name = _n(name + ('aux', 'checked'))

+    self.c_aux_unchecked_name = _n(name + ('aux', 'unchecked'))

+    self.c_serialize_name = _n(name + ('serialize',))

+    self.c_unserialize_name = _n(name + ('unserialize',))

+    self.c_unpack_name = _n(name + ('unpack',))

+    self.c_sizeof_name = _n(name + ('sizeof',))

+

+    # special case: structs where variable size fields are followed by fixed size fields

+    self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields = False

+

+    if self.is_switch:

+        self.need_serialize = True

+        self.c_container = 'struct'

+        for bitcase in self.bitcases:

+            bitcase.c_field_name = _cpp(bitcase.field_name)

+            bitcase_name = bitcase.field_type if bitcase.type.has_name else name

+            _c_type_setup(bitcase.type, bitcase_name, ())

+

+    elif self.is_container:

+

+        self.c_container = 'union' if self.is_union else 'struct'

+        prev_varsized_field = None

+        prev_varsized_offset = 0

+        first_field_after_varsized = None

+

+        for field in self.fields:

+            _c_type_setup(field.type, field.field_type, ())

+            if field.type.is_list:

+                _c_type_setup(field.type.member, field.field_type, ())

+                if (field.type.nmemb is None): 

+                    self.need_sizeof = True

+

+            field.c_field_type = _t(field.field_type)

+            field.c_field_const_type = ('' if field.type.nmemb == 1 else 'const ') + field.c_field_type

+            field.c_field_name = _cpp(field.field_name)

+            field.c_subscript = '[%d]' % field.type.nmemb if (field.type.nmemb and field.type.nmemb > 1) else ''

+            field.c_pointer = ' ' if field.type.nmemb == 1 else '*'

+

+            # correct the c_pointer field for variable size non-list types

+            if not field.type.fixed_size() and field.c_pointer == ' ':

+                field.c_pointer = '*'

+            if field.type.is_list and not field.type.member.fixed_size():

+                field.c_pointer = '*'

+

+            if field.type.is_switch:

+                field.c_pointer = '*'

+                field.c_field_const_type = 'const ' + field.c_field_type

+                self.need_aux = True

+            elif not field.type.fixed_size() and not field.type.is_bitcase:

+                self.need_sizeof = True

+

+            field.c_iterator_type = _t(field.field_type + ('iterator',))      # xcb_fieldtype_iterator_t

+            field.c_iterator_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'iterator')) # xcb_container_field_iterator

+            field.c_accessor_name = _n(name + (field.field_name,))            # xcb_container_field

+            field.c_length_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'length'))     # xcb_container_field_length

+            field.c_end_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'end'))           # xcb_container_field_end

+

+            field.prev_varsized_field = prev_varsized_field

+            field.prev_varsized_offset = prev_varsized_offset

+

+            if prev_varsized_offset == 0:

+                first_field_after_varsized = field

+            field.first_field_after_varsized = first_field_after_varsized

+

+            if field.type.fixed_size():

+                prev_varsized_offset += field.type.size

+                # special case: intermixed fixed and variable size fields

+                if prev_varsized_field is not None and not field.type.is_pad and field.wire:

+                    if not self.is_union:

+                        self.need_serialize = True

+                        self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields = True

+            else:

+                self.last_varsized_field = field

+                prev_varsized_field = field

+                prev_varsized_offset = 0                    

+

+            if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+                if field.type.fixed_size():

+                    field.prev_varsized_field = None

+                            

+    if self.need_serialize:

+        # when _unserialize() is wanted, create _sizeof() as well for consistency reasons 

+        self.need_sizeof = True

+

+    # as switch does never appear at toplevel, 

+    # continue here with type construction

+    if self.is_switch:

+        if self.c_type not in finished_switch:

+            finished_switch.append(self.c_type)

+            # special: switch C structs get pointer fields for variable-sized members

+            _c_complex(self)

+            for bitcase in self.bitcases:

+                bitcase_name = bitcase.type.name if bitcase.type.has_name else name

+                _c_accessors(bitcase.type, bitcase_name, bitcase_name)

+                # no list with switch as element, so no call to 

+                # _c_iterator(field.type, field_name) necessary

+

+    if not self.is_bitcase:

+        if self.need_serialize:

+            if self.c_serialize_name not in finished_serializers:

+                finished_serializers.append(self.c_serialize_name)

+                _c_serialize('serialize', self)

+

+                # _unpack() and _unserialize() are only needed for special cases:

+                #   switch -> unpack

+                #   special cases -> unserialize

+                if self.is_switch or self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+                    _c_serialize('unserialize', self)

+                    

+        if self.need_sizeof:

+            if self.c_sizeof_name not in finished_sizeof:

+                if not module.namespace.is_ext or self.name[:2] == module.namespace.prefix:

+                    finished_sizeof.append(self.c_sizeof_name)

+                    _c_serialize('sizeof', self)

+# _c_type_setup()

+

+def _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix, field=None):

+    """

+    turn prefix, which is a list of tuples (name, separator, Type obj) into a string

+    representing a valid name in C (based on the context)

+    if field is not None, append the field name as well

+    """

+    prefix_str = ''

+    for name, sep, obj in prefix:

+        prefix_str += name

+        if '' == sep:

+            sep = '->'

+            if ((obj.is_bitcase and obj.has_name) or     # named bitcase

+                (obj.is_switch and len(obj.parents)>1)):

+                sep = '.'

+        prefix_str += sep

+    if field is not None:

+        prefix_str += _cpp(field.field_name)

+    return prefix_str

+# _c_absolute_name

+    

+def _c_helper_field_mapping(complex_type, prefix, flat=False):

+    """

+    generate absolute names, based on prefix, for all fields starting from complex_type

+    if flat == True, nested complex types are not taken into account

+    """

+    all_fields = {}

+    if complex_type.is_switch:

+        for b in complex_type.bitcases:

+            if b.type.has_name:

+                switch_name, switch_sep, switch_type = prefix[-1]

+                bitcase_prefix = prefix + [(b.type.name[-1], '.', b.type)]

+            else:

+                bitcase_prefix = prefix 

+

+            if (True==flat and not b.type.has_name) or False==flat:

+                all_fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(b.type, bitcase_prefix, flat))

+    else:

+        for f in complex_type.fields:

+            fname = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix, f)

+            if f.field_name in all_fields:

+                raise Exception("field name %s has been registered before" % f.field_name)

+

+            all_fields[f.field_name] = (fname, f)

+            if f.type.is_container and flat==False:

+                if f.type.is_bitcase and not f.type.has_name:

+                    new_prefix = prefix

+                elif f.type.is_switch and len(f.type.parents)>1:

+                    # nested switch gets another separator

+                    new_prefix = prefix+[(f.c_field_name, '.', f.type)]

+                else:

+                    new_prefix = prefix+[(f.c_field_name, '->', f.type)]

+                all_fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(f.type, new_prefix, flat))

+

+    return all_fields

+# _c_field_mapping()

+

+def _c_helper_resolve_field_names (prefix):

+    """

+    get field names for all objects in the prefix array

+    """

+    all_fields = {}

+    tmp_prefix = []

+    # look for fields in the remaining containers

+    for idx, p in enumerate(prefix):

+        name, sep, obj = p

+        if ''==sep:

+            # sep can be preset in prefix, if not, make a sensible guess

+            sep = '.' if (obj.is_switch or obj.is_bitcase) else '->'

+            # exception: 'toplevel' object (switch as well!) always have sep '->'

+            sep = '->' if idx<1 else sep

+        if not obj.is_bitcase or (obj.is_bitcase and obj.has_name):

+            tmp_prefix.append((name, sep, obj))

+        all_fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(obj, tmp_prefix, flat=True))

+

+    return all_fields

+# _c_helper_resolve_field_names

+

+def get_expr_fields(self):

+    """

+    get the Fields referenced by switch or list expression 

+    """

+    def get_expr_field_names(expr):

+        if expr.op is None:

+            if expr.lenfield_name is not None:

+                return [expr.lenfield_name]

+            else:

+                # constant value expr

+                return []

+        else:

+            if expr.op == '~':

+                return get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)

+            elif expr.op == 'popcount':

+                return get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)

+            elif expr.op == 'sumof':

+                # sumof expr references another list, 

+                # we need that list's length field here

+                field = None

+                for f in expr.lenfield_parent.fields:

+                    if f.field_name == expr.lenfield_name:

+                        field = f

+                        break

+                if field is None:

+                    raise Exception("list field '%s' referenced by sumof not found" % expr.lenfield_name)

+                # referenced list + its length field

+                return [expr.lenfield_name] + get_expr_field_names(field.type.expr)

+            elif expr.op == 'enumref':

+                return []

+            else:

+                return get_expr_field_names(expr.lhs) + get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)

+    # get_expr_field_names()

+    

+    # resolve the field names with the parent structure(s)

+    unresolved_fields_names = get_expr_field_names(self.expr)

+

+    # construct prefix from self

+    prefix = [('', '', p) for p in self.parents]

+    if self.is_container:

+        prefix.append(('', '', self))

+

+    all_fields = _c_helper_resolve_field_names (prefix)

+    resolved_fields_names = list(filter(lambda x: x in all_fields.keys(), unresolved_fields_names))

+    if len(unresolved_fields_names) != len(resolved_fields_names):

+        raise Exception("could not resolve all fields for %s" % self.name)

+    

+    resolved_fields = [all_fields[n][1] for n in resolved_fields_names]

+    return resolved_fields

+# get_expr_fields()

+

+def resolve_expr_fields(complex_obj):

+    """

+    find expr fields appearing in complex_obj and descendents that cannot be resolved within complex_obj

+    these are normally fields that need to be given as function parameters

+    """

+    all_fields = []

+    expr_fields = []

+    unresolved = []

+

+    for field in complex_obj.fields:

+        all_fields.append(field)

+        if field.type.is_switch or field.type.is_list:

+            expr_fields += get_expr_fields(field.type)

+        if field.type.is_container:

+            expr_fields += resolve_expr_fields(field.type)

+

+    # try to resolve expr fields

+    for e in expr_fields:

+        if e not in all_fields and e not in unresolved:

+            unresolved.append(e)

+    return unresolved

+# resolve_expr_fields()

+            

+def get_serialize_params(context, self, buffer_var='_buffer', aux_var='_aux'):

+    """

+    functions like _serialize(), _unserialize(), and _unpack() sometimes need additional parameters:

+    E.g. in order to unpack switch, extra parameters might be needed to evaluate the switch 

+    expression. This function tries to resolve all fields within a structure, and returns the 

+    unresolved fields as the list of external parameters. 

+    """

+    def add_param(params, param):

+        if param not in params:

+            params.append(param)

+

+    # collect all fields into param_fields

+    param_fields = []

+    wire_fields = []

+

+    for field in self.fields:

+        if field.visible:

+            # the field should appear as a parameter in the function call

+            param_fields.append(field)

+        if field.wire and not field.auto:

+            if field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_switch:

+                # field in the xcb_out structure

+                wire_fields.append(field)

+        # fields like 'pad0' are skipped!

+               

+    # in case of switch, parameters always contain any fields referenced in the switch expr

+    # we do not need any variable size fields here, as the switch data type contains both 

+    # fixed and variable size fields

+    if self.is_switch:

+        param_fields = get_expr_fields(self)

+

+    # _serialize()/_unserialize()/_unpack() function parameters

+    # note: don't use set() for params, it is unsorted

+    params = []

+    

+    # 1. the parameter for the void * buffer

+    if  'serialize' == context:

+        params.append(('void', '**', buffer_var))

+    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):

+        params.append(('const void', '*', buffer_var))

+

+    # 2. any expr fields that cannot be resolved within self and descendants

+    unresolved_fields = resolve_expr_fields(self)

+    for f in unresolved_fields:

+        add_param(params, (f.c_field_type, '', f.c_field_name))

+

+    # 3. param_fields contain the fields necessary to evaluate the switch expr or any other fields

+    #    that do not appear in the data type struct

+    for p in param_fields:

+        if self.is_switch:

+            typespec = p.c_field_const_type

+            pointerspec = p.c_pointer 

+            add_param(params, (typespec, pointerspec, p.c_field_name))

+        else:

+            if p.visible and not p.wire and not p.auto:

+                typespec = p.c_field_type

+                pointerspec = ''

+                add_param(params, (typespec, pointerspec, p.c_field_name))

+  

+    # 4. aux argument

+    if 'serialize' == context:

+        add_param(params, ('const %s' % self.c_type, '*', aux_var))

+    elif 'unserialize' == context: 

+        add_param(params, ('%s' % self.c_type, '**', aux_var))

+    elif 'unpack' == context:

+        add_param(params, ('%s' % self.c_type, '*', aux_var))

+

+    # 5. switch contains all variable size fields as struct members

+    #    for other data types though, these have to be supplied separately

+    #    this is important for the special case of intermixed fixed and 

+    #    variable size fields

+    if not self.is_switch and 'serialize' == context:

+        for p in param_fields:

+            if not p.type.fixed_size():

+                add_param(params, (p.c_field_const_type, '*', p.c_field_name))

+

+    return (param_fields, wire_fields, params)

+# get_serialize_params()

+

+def _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, postpone):

+    code_lines.append('%s    /* insert padding */' % space)

+    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_pad = -xcb_block_len & 3;' % space)

+#    code_lines.append('%s    printf("automatically inserting padding: %%%%d\\n", xcb_pad);' % space)

+    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_buffer_len += xcb_block_len + xcb_pad;' % space)

+

+    if not postpone:

+        code_lines.append('%s    if (0 != xcb_pad) {' % space)

+

+        if 'serialize' == context:

+            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = xcb_pad0;' % space)

+            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = xcb_pad;' % space)

+            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts_idx++;' % space)

+        elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):

+            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_tmp += xcb_pad;' % space)

+

+        code_lines.append('%s        xcb_pad = 0;' % space)

+        code_lines.append('%s    }' % space)

+        

+    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len = 0;' % space)

+

+    # keep tracking of xcb_parts entries for serialize

+    return 1

+# _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding()

+

+def _c_serialize_helper_switch(context, self, complex_name, 

+                               code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                               space, prefix):

+    count = 0

+    switch_expr = _c_accessor_get_expr(self.expr, None)

+

+    for b in self.bitcases:            

+        bitcase_expr = _c_accessor_get_expr(b.type.expr, None)

+        code_lines.append('    if(%s & %s) {' % (switch_expr, bitcase_expr))

+#        code_lines.append('        printf("switch %s: entering bitcase section %s (mask=%%%%d)...\\n", %s);' % 

+#                          (self.name[-1], b.type.name[-1], bitcase_expr))

+        b_prefix = prefix

+        if b.type.has_name:

+            b_prefix = prefix + [(b.c_field_name, '.', b.type)]

+            

+        count += _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, b.type, 

+                                            code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                                            "%s    " % space, 

+                                            b_prefix, 

+                                            is_bitcase = True)

+        code_lines.append('    }')

+

+#    if 'serialize' == context:

+#        count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, False)

+#    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):

+#        # padding

+#        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_pad = -xcb_block_len & 3;' % space)

+#        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_buffer_len += xcb_block_len + xcb_pad;' % space)

+   

+    return count

+# _c_serialize_helper_switch

+

+def _c_serialize_helper_switch_field(context, self, field, c_switch_variable, prefix):

+    """

+    handle switch by calling _serialize() or _unpack(), depending on context

+    """

+    # switch is handled by this function as a special case

+    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params(context, self)

+    field_mapping = _c_helper_field_mapping(self, prefix)

+    prefix_str = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix)

+

+    # find the parameters that need to be passed to _serialize()/_unpack():

+    # all switch expr fields must be given as parameters

+    args = get_expr_fields(field.type)

+    # length fields for variable size types in switch, normally only some of need 

+    # need to be passed as parameters

+    switch_len_fields = resolve_expr_fields(field.type)

+

+    # a switch field at this point _must_ be a bitcase field

+    # we require that bitcases are "self-contiguous"

+    bitcase_unresolved = resolve_expr_fields(self)

+    if len(bitcase_unresolved) != 0:

+        raise Exception('unresolved fields within bitcase is not supported at this point')

+

+    # get the C names for the parameters  

+    c_field_names = ''

+    for a in switch_len_fields:

+        c_field_names += "%s, " % field_mapping[a.c_field_name][0]

+    for a in args:

+        c_field_names += "%s, " % field_mapping[a.c_field_name][0]

+

+    # call _serialize()/_unpack() to determine the actual size

+    if 'serialize' == context:

+        length = "%s(&%s, %s&%s%s)" % (field.type.c_serialize_name, c_switch_variable,

+                                       c_field_names, prefix_str, field.c_field_name) 

+    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack'):

+        length = "%s(xcb_tmp, %s&%s%s)" % (field.type.c_unpack_name, 

+                                           c_field_names, prefix_str, field.c_field_name)

+

+    return length

+# _c_serialize_helper_switch_field()

+

+def _c_serialize_helper_list_field(context, self, field, 

+                                   code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                                   space, prefix):

+    """

+    helper function to cope with lists of variable length

+    """

+    expr = field.type.expr

+    prefix_str = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix)

+    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params('sizeof', self)

+    param_names = [p[2] for p in params]

+    

+    expr_fields_names = [f.field_name for f in get_expr_fields(field.type)]

+    resolved = list(filter(lambda x: x in param_names, expr_fields_names))

+    unresolved = list(filter(lambda x: x not in param_names, expr_fields_names))

+    

+    field_mapping = {}

+    for r in resolved:

+        field_mapping[r] = (r, None)

+    

+    if len(unresolved)>0:

+        tmp_prefix = prefix

+        if len(tmp_prefix)==0:

+            raise Exception("found an empty prefix while resolving expr field names for list %s", 

+                            field.c_field_name)        

+        

+        field_mapping.update(_c_helper_resolve_field_names(prefix))

+        resolved += list(filter(lambda x: x in field_mapping, unresolved))

+        unresolved = list(filter(lambda x: x not in field_mapping, unresolved))

+        if len(unresolved)>0:

+            raise Exception('could not resolve the length fields required for list %s' % field.c_field_name)

+

+    list_length = _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, field_mapping)

+

+    # default: list with fixed size elements

+    length = '%s * sizeof(%s)' % (list_length, field.type.member.c_wiretype)

+

+    # list with variable-sized elements 

+    if not field.type.member.fixed_size():

+        length = ''

+        if context in ('unserialize', 'sizeof', 'unpack'):

+            int_i = '    unsigned int i;'

+            xcb_tmp_len = '    unsigned int xcb_tmp_len;'

+            if int_i not in temp_vars:

+                temp_vars.append(int_i)

+            if xcb_tmp_len not in temp_vars:

+                temp_vars.append(xcb_tmp_len)

+            # loop over all list elements and call sizeof repeatedly

+            # this should be a bit faster than using the iterators

+            code_lines.append("%s    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) {" % (space, list_length))

+            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_tmp_len = %s(xcb_tmp);" % 

+                              (space, field.type.c_sizeof_name))

+            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_block_len += xcb_tmp_len;" % space)

+            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_tmp += xcb_tmp_len;" % space)

+            code_lines.append("%s    }" % space)                  

+      

+        elif 'serialize' == context:

+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = 0;' % space)

+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp = (char *) %s%s;' % (space, prefix_str, field.c_field_name))

+            code_lines.append('%s    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) { ' % (space, list_length))

+            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_block_len = %s(xcb_tmp);' % (space, field.type.c_sizeof_name))

+            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len += xcb_block_len;' % space)

+            code_lines.append('%s    }' % space)

+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len = xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len;' % space)

+            

+    return length

+# _c_serialize_helper_list_field()

+

+def _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size(context, self, field, 

+                                          code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                                          space, prefix):

+    # keep the C code a bit more readable by giving the field name

+    if not self.is_bitcase:

+        code_lines.append('%s    /* %s.%s */' % (space, self.c_type, field.c_field_name))

+    else:

+        scoped_name = [p[2].c_type if idx==0 else p[0] for idx, p in enumerate(prefix)]

+        typename = reduce(lambda x,y: "%s.%s" % (x, y), scoped_name)

+        code_lines.append('%s    /* %s.%s */' % (space, typename, field.c_field_name))

+

+    abs_field_name = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix, field)

+    # default for simple cases: call sizeof()

+    length = "sizeof(%s)" % field.c_field_type

+

+    if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):

+        # default: simple cast

+        value = '    %s = *(%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (abs_field_name, field.c_field_type) 

+        

+        # padding - we could probably just ignore it

+        if field.type.is_pad and field.type.nmemb > 1:

+            value = ''

+            for i in range(field.type.nmemb):

+                code_lines.append('%s    %s[%d] = *(%s *)xcb_tmp;' % 

+                                  (space, abs_field_name, i, field.c_field_type)) 

+            # total padding = sizeof(pad0) * nmemb

+            length += " * %d" % field.type.nmemb

+

+        if field.type.is_list:

+            # no such case in the protocol, cannot be tested and therefore ignored for now

+            raise Exception('list with fixed number of elemens unhandled in _unserialize()')

+

+    elif 'serialize' == context:

+        value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *) ' 

+

+        if field.type.is_expr:

+            # need to register a temporary variable for the expression in case we know its type

+            if field.type.c_type is None:

+                raise Exception("type for field '%s' (expression '%s') unkown" % 

+                                (field.field_name, _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr)))

+            

+            temp_vars.append('    %s xcb_expr_%s = %s;' % (field.type.c_type, _cpp(field.field_name), 

+                                                           _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, prefix)))

+            value += "&xcb_expr_%s;" % _cpp(field.field_name)

+

+        elif field.type.is_pad:

+            if field.type.nmemb == 1:

+                value += "&xcb_pad;"

+            else:

+                # we could also set it to 0, see definition of xcb_send_request()

+                value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = xcb_pad0;'

+                length += "*%d" % field.type.nmemb

+

+        else:

+            # non-list type with fixed size

+            if field.type.nmemb == 1:

+                value += "&%s;" % (abs_field_name)

+

+            # list with nmemb (fixed size) elements

+            else:

+                value += '%s;' % (abs_field_name)

+                length = '%d' % field.type.nmemb

+

+    return (value, length)

+# _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size()

+

+def _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size(context, self, field, 

+                                             code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                                             space, prefix):

+    prefix_str = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix)

+

+    if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):

+        value = ''

+        var_field_name = 'xcb_tmp'

+        

+        # special case: intermixed fixed and variable size fields

+        if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context:

+            value = '    %s = (%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (field.c_field_name, field.c_field_type)

+            temp_vars.append('    %s *%s;' % (field.type.c_type, field.c_field_name))

+        # special case: switch

+        if 'unpack' == context:

+            value = '    %s%s = (%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (prefix_str, field.c_field_name, field.c_field_type)

+            

+    elif 'serialize' == context:

+        # variable size fields appear as parameters to _serialize() if the 

+        # 'toplevel' container is not a switch

+        prefix_string = prefix_str if prefix[0][2].is_switch else ''

+        var_field_name = "%s%s" % (prefix_string, field.c_field_name)

+        value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *) %s;' % var_field_name

+

+    length = ''

+

+    code_lines.append('%s    /* %s */' % (space, field.c_field_name))

+

+    if field.type.is_list:

+        if value != '':

+            # in any context, list is already a pointer, so the default assignment is ok

+            code_lines.append("%s%s" % (space, value))

+            value = ''

+        length = _c_serialize_helper_list_field(context, self, field, 

+                                                code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                                                space, prefix)

+        

+    elif field.type.is_switch:

+        value = ''

+        if context == 'serialize':

+            # the _serialize() function allocates the correct amount memory if given a NULL pointer

+            value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *)0;'

+        length = _c_serialize_helper_switch_field(context, self, field, 

+                                                  'xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base', 

+                                                  prefix)

+        

+    else:

+        # in all remaining special cases - call _sizeof()

+        length = "%s(%s)" % (field.type.c_sizeof_name, var_field_name)

+

+    return (value, length)

+# _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size

+

+def _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, self, 

+                               code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                               space, prefix, is_bitcase):

+    count = 0

+    need_padding = False

+    prev_field_was_variable = False

+

+    for field in self.fields:

+        if not field.visible:

+            if not ((field.wire and not field.auto) or 'unserialize' == context):

+                continue

+

+        # switch/bitcase: fixed size fields must be considered explicitly 

+        if field.type.fixed_size():

+            if self.is_bitcase or self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+                if prev_field_was_variable and need_padding:

+                    # insert padding

+#                    count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, 

+#                                                                self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields)

+                    prev_field_was_variable = False

+

+                # prefix for fixed size fields

+                fixed_prefix = prefix

+

+                value, length = _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size(context, self, field, 

+                                                                      code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                                                                      space, fixed_prefix)

+            else:

+                continue

+

+        # fields with variable size

+        else:

+            # switch/bitcase: always calculate padding before and after variable sized fields

+            if need_padding or is_bitcase:

+                count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, 

+                                                            self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields)

+

+            value, length = _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size(context, self, field, 

+                                                                     code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                                                                     space, prefix)

+            prev_field_was_variable = True

+        

+        # save (un)serialization C code

+        if '' != value:

+            code_lines.append('%s%s' % (space, value))    

+        

+        if field.type.fixed_size():

+            if is_bitcase or self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+                # keep track of (un)serialized object's size

+                code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += %s;' % (space, length))

+                if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):

+                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += %s;' % (space, length))

+        else: 

+            # variable size objects or bitcase:

+            #   value & length might have been inserted earlier for special cases

+            if '' != length:

+                # special case: intermixed fixed and variable size fields

+                if (not field.type.fixed_size() and 

+                    self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context):

+                    temp_vars.append('    int %s_len;' % field.c_field_name)

+                    code_lines.append('%s    %s_len = %s;' % (space, field.c_field_name, length))

+                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += %s_len;' % (space, field.c_field_name))

+                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += %s_len;' % (space, field.c_field_name))

+                else:

+                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += %s;' % (space, length))

+                    # increase pointer into the byte stream accordingly

+                    if context in ('unserialize', 'sizeof', 'unpack'):

+                        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += xcb_block_len;' % space)

+                        

+        if 'serialize' == context:

+            if '' != length:

+                code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = %s;' % (space, length))

+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts_idx++;' % space)

+            count += 1

+

+        need_padding = True

+        if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+            need_padding = False

+        

+    return count

+# _c_serialize_helper_fields()    

+

+def _c_serialize_helper(context, complex_type, 

+                        code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                        space='', prefix=[]):

+    # count tracks the number of fields to serialize

+    count = 0

+

+    if hasattr(complex_type, 'type'):

+        self = complex_type.type

+        complex_name = complex_type.name

+    else:

+        self = complex_type

+        if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context:

+            complex_name = 'xcb_out'

+        else:

+            complex_name = '_aux'

+    

+    # special case: switch is serialized by evaluating each bitcase separately

+    if self.is_switch:

+        count += _c_serialize_helper_switch(context, self, complex_name, 

+                                            code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                                            space, prefix)

+

+    # all other data types can be evaluated one field a time

+    else: 

+        # unserialize & fixed size fields: simply cast the buffer to the respective xcb_out type

+        if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof') and not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += sizeof(%s);' % (space, self.c_type))

+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += xcb_block_len;' % space)

+            # probably not needed

+            #_c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, False)

+

+        count += _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, self, 

+                                            code_lines, temp_vars, 

+                                            space, prefix, False)

+    # "final padding"

+    count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, False)

+

+    return count    

+# _c_serialize_helper()

+

+def _c_serialize(context, self):

+    """

+    depending on the context variable, generate _serialize(), _unserialize(), _unpack(), or _sizeof() 

+    for the ComplexType variable self

+    """

+    _h_setlevel(1)

+    _c_setlevel(1)

+

+    _hc('')

+    # _serialize() returns the buffer size

+    _hc('int')

+

+    if self.is_switch and 'unserialize' == context:

+        context = 'unpack'

+

+    cases = { 'serialize'   : self.c_serialize_name, 

+              'unserialize' : self.c_unserialize_name, 

+              'unpack'      : self.c_unpack_name, 

+              'sizeof'      : self.c_sizeof_name }

+    func_name = cases[context]

+            

+    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params(context, self)

+    variable_size_fields = 0

+    # maximum space required for type definition of function arguments

+    maxtypelen = 0

+

+    # determine N(variable_fields) 

+    for field in param_fields:

+        # if self.is_switch, treat all fields as if they are variable sized

+        if not field.type.fixed_size() or self.is_switch:

+            variable_size_fields += 1

+    # determine maxtypelen

+    for p in params:

+        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, len(p[0]) + len(p[1]))    

+

+    # write to .c/.h

+    indent = ' '*(len(func_name)+2)

+    param_str = []

+    for p in params:

+        typespec, pointerspec, field_name = p

+        spacing = ' '*(maxtypelen-len(typespec)-len(pointerspec))

+        param_str.append("%s%s%s  %s%s  /**< */" % (indent, typespec, spacing, pointerspec, field_name))

+    # insert function name

+    param_str[0] = "%s (%s" % (func_name, param_str[0].strip())

+    param_str = list(map(lambda x: "%s," % x, param_str))

+    for s in param_str[:-1]:

+        _hc(s)

+    _h("%s);" % param_str[-1].rstrip(','))

+    _c("%s)" % param_str[-1].rstrip(','))

+    _c('{')

+

+    code_lines = []

+    temp_vars = []

+    prefix = []

+

+    if 'serialize' == context:

+        if not self.is_switch and not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+            _c('    %s *xcb_out = *_buffer;', self.c_type)

+            _c('    unsigned int xcb_out_pad = -sizeof(%s) & 3;', self.c_type)

+            _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = sizeof(%s) + xcb_out_pad;', self.c_type)

+        else:

+            _c('    char *xcb_out = *_buffer;')

+            _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')

+        prefix = [('_aux', '->', self)]

+        aux_ptr = 'xcb_out'

+

+    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack'):

+        _c('    char *xcb_tmp = (char *)_buffer;')

+        if not self.is_switch:

+            if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+                _c('    const %s *_aux = (%s *)_buffer;', self.c_type, self.c_type)

+                prefix = [('_aux', '->', self)]

+            else:

+                _c('    %s xcb_out;', self.c_type)

+                prefix = [('xcb_out', '.', self)]

+        else:

+            aux_var = '_aux' # default for unpack: single pointer

+            # note: unserialize not generated for switch

+            if 'unserialize' == context:

+                aux_var = '(*_aux)' # unserialize: double pointer (!)

+            prefix = [(aux_var, '->', self)]

+        aux_ptr = '*_aux'

+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')

+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')

+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')

+

+    elif 'sizeof' == context:

+        param_names = [p[2] for p in params]

+        if self.is_switch:

+            # switch: call _unpack()

+            _c('    %s _aux;', self.c_type)

+            _c('    return %s(%s, &_aux);', self.c_unpack_name, reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x, y), param_names))

+            _c('}')

+            return

+        elif self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+            # special case: call _unserialize()

+            _c('    return %s(%s, NULL);', self.c_unserialize_name, reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x, y), param_names))

+            _c('}')

+            return

+        else:

+            _c('    char *xcb_tmp = (char *)_buffer;')

+            prefix = [('_aux', '->', self)]

+

+    count = _c_serialize_helper(context, self, code_lines, temp_vars, prefix=prefix)

+    # update variable size fields (only important for context=='serialize'

+    variable_size_fields = count

+    if 'serialize' == context:

+        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')

+        temp_vars.append('    char xcb_pad0[3] = {0, 0, 0};') 

+        temp_vars.append('    struct iovec xcb_parts[%d];' % count)

+        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_parts_idx = 0;')

+        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')

+        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int i;')

+        temp_vars.append('    char *xcb_tmp;')

+    elif 'sizeof' == context:

+        # neither switch nor intermixed fixed and variable size fields:

+        # evaluate parameters directly

+        if not (self.is_switch or self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields):

+

+            # look if we have to declare an '_aux' variable at all

+            if len(list(filter(lambda x: x.find('_aux')!=-1, code_lines)))>0:

+                if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+                    _c('    const %s *_aux = (%s *)_buffer;', self.c_type, self.c_type)

+                else:

+                    _c('    %s *_aux = malloc(sizeof(%s));', self.c_type, self.c_type)

+

+            _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')

+            _c('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')

+            _c('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')        

+

+    _c('')

+    for t in temp_vars:

+        _c(t)

+    _c('')

+    for l in code_lines:

+        _c(l)

+

+    # variable sized fields have been collected, now

+    # allocate memory and copy everything into a continuous memory area 

+    # note: this is not necessary in case of unpack

+    if context in ('serialize', 'unserialize'):

+        # unserialize: check for sizeof-only invocation

+        if 'unserialize' == context:

+            _c('')

+            _c('    if (NULL == _aux)')

+            _c('        return xcb_buffer_len;')

+

+        _c('')

+        _c('    if (NULL == %s) {', aux_ptr)

+        _c('        /* allocate memory */')

+        _c('        %s = malloc(xcb_buffer_len);', aux_ptr)

+        if 'serialize' == context:

+            _c('        *_buffer = xcb_out;')

+        _c('    }')

+        _c('')

+

+        # serialize: handle variable size fields in a loop

+        if 'serialize' == context:

+            if not self.is_switch and not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+                if len(wire_fields)>0:

+                    _c('    *xcb_out = *_aux;')

+            # copy variable size fields into the buffer

+            if variable_size_fields > 0:

+                # xcb_out padding

+                if not self.is_switch and not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+                    _c('    xcb_tmp = (char*)++xcb_out;')

+                    _c('    xcb_tmp += xcb_out_pad;')

+                else:

+                    _c('    xcb_tmp = xcb_out;')

+

+                # variable sized fields

+                _c('    for(i=0; i<xcb_parts_idx; i++) {')

+                _c('        if (0 != xcb_parts[i].iov_base && 0 != xcb_parts[i].iov_len)')

+                _c('            memcpy(xcb_tmp, xcb_parts[i].iov_base, xcb_parts[i].iov_len);')

+                _c('        if (0 != xcb_parts[i].iov_len)')

+                _c('            xcb_tmp += xcb_parts[i].iov_len;')

+                _c('    }')

+            

+        # unserialize: assign variable size fields individually

+        if 'unserialize' == context:

+            _c('    xcb_tmp = ((char *)*_aux)+xcb_buffer_len;')

+            param_fields.reverse()

+            for field in param_fields:

+                if not field.type.fixed_size():

+                    _c('    xcb_tmp -= %s_len;', field.c_field_name)

+                    _c('    memmove(xcb_tmp, %s, %s_len);', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)

+            _c('    *%s = xcb_out;', aux_ptr)

+ 

+    _c('')

+    _c('    return xcb_buffer_len;')

+    _c('}')

+# _c_serialize()

+

+def _c_iterator_get_end(field, accum):

+    '''

+    Figures out what C code is needed to find the end of a variable-length structure field.

+    For nested structures, recurses into its last variable-sized field.

+    For lists, calls the end function

+    '''

+    if field.type.is_container:

+        accum = field.c_accessor_name + '(' + accum + ')'

+        return _c_iterator_get_end(field.type.last_varsized_field, accum)

+    if field.type.is_list:

+        # XXX we can always use the first way

+        if field.type.member.is_simple:

+            return field.c_end_name + '(' + accum + ')'

+        else:

+            return field.type.member.c_end_name + '(' + field.c_iterator_name + '(' + accum + '))'

+

+def _c_iterator(self, name):

+    '''

+    Declares the iterator structure and next/end functions for a given type.

+    '''

+    _h_setlevel(0)

+    _h('')

+    _h('/**')

+    _h(' * @brief %s', self.c_iterator_type)

+    _h(' **/')

+    _h('typedef struct %s {', self.c_iterator_type)

+    _h('    %s *data; /**<  */', self.c_type)

+    _h('    int%s rem; /**<  */', ' ' * (len(self.c_type) - 2))

+    _h('    int%s index; /**<  */', ' ' * (len(self.c_type) - 2))

+    _h('} %s;', self.c_iterator_type)

+

+    _h_setlevel(1)

+    _c_setlevel(1)

+    _h('')

+    _h('/**')

+    _h(' * Get the next element of the iterator')

+    _h(' * @param i Pointer to a %s', self.c_iterator_type)

+    _h(' *')

+    _h(' * Get the next element in the iterator. The member rem is')

+    _h(' * decreased by one. The member data points to the next')

+    _h(' * element. The member index is increased by sizeof(%s)', self.c_type)

+    _h(' */')

+    _c('')

+    _hc('')

+    _hc('/*****************************************************************************')

+    _hc(' **')

+    _hc(' ** void %s', self.c_next_name)

+    _hc(' ** ')

+    _hc(' ** @param %s *i', self.c_iterator_type)

+    _hc(' ** @returns void')

+    _hc(' **')

+    _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')

+    _hc(' ')

+    _hc('void')

+    _h('%s (%s *i  /**< */);', self.c_next_name, self.c_iterator_type)

+    _c('%s (%s *i  /**< */)', self.c_next_name, self.c_iterator_type)

+    _c('{')

+

+    if not self.fixed_size():

+        _c('    %s *R = i->data;', self.c_type)

+

+        if self.is_union:

+            # FIXME - how to determine the size of a variable size union??

+            _c('    /* FIXME - determine the size of the union %s */', self.c_type)            

+        else:

+            if self.need_sizeof:

+                _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child;')

+                _c('    child.data = (%s *)(((char *)R) + %s(R));', 

+                   self.c_type, self.c_sizeof_name)

+                _c('    i->index = (char *) child.data - (char *) i->data;')

+            else:

+                _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(self.last_varsized_field, 'R'))

+                _c('    i->index = child.index;')

+            _c('    --i->rem;')

+            _c('    i->data = (%s *) child.data;', self.c_type)

+

+    else:

+        _c('    --i->rem;')

+        _c('    ++i->data;')

+        _c('    i->index += sizeof(%s);', self.c_type)

+

+    _c('}')

+

+    _h('')

+    _h('/**')

+    _h(' * Return the iterator pointing to the last element')

+    _h(' * @param i An %s', self.c_iterator_type)

+    _h(' * @return  The iterator pointing to the last element')

+    _h(' *')

+    _h(' * Set the current element in the iterator to the last element.')

+    _h(' * The member rem is set to 0. The member data points to the')

+    _h(' * last element.')

+    _h(' */')

+    _c('')

+    _hc('')

+    _hc('/*****************************************************************************')

+    _hc(' **')

+    _hc(' ** xcb_generic_iterator_t %s', self.c_end_name)

+    _hc(' ** ')

+    _hc(' ** @param %s i', self.c_iterator_type)

+    _hc(' ** @returns xcb_generic_iterator_t')

+    _hc(' **')

+    _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')

+    _hc(' ')

+    _hc('xcb_generic_iterator_t')

+    _h('%s (%s i  /**< */);', self.c_end_name, self.c_iterator_type)

+    _c('%s (%s i  /**< */)', self.c_end_name, self.c_iterator_type)

+    _c('{')

+    _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t ret;')

+

+    if self.fixed_size():

+        _c('    ret.data = i.data + i.rem;')

+        _c('    ret.index = i.index + ((char *) ret.data - (char *) i.data);')

+        _c('    ret.rem = 0;')

+    else:

+        _c('    while(i.rem > 0)')

+        _c('        %s(&i);', self.c_next_name)

+        _c('    ret.data = i.data;')

+        _c('    ret.rem = i.rem;')

+        _c('    ret.index = i.index;')

+

+    _c('    return ret;')

+    _c('}')

+

+def _c_accessor_get_length(expr, field_mapping=None):

+    '''

+    Figures out what C code is needed to get a length field.

+    The field_mapping parameter can be used to change the absolute name of a length field. 

+    For fields that follow a variable-length field, use the accessor.

+    Otherwise, just reference the structure field directly.

+    '''

+

+    lenfield_name = expr.lenfield_name

+    if lenfield_name is not None:

+        if field_mapping is not None:

+            lenfield_name = field_mapping[lenfield_name][0]

+ 

+    if expr.lenfield is not None and expr.lenfield.prev_varsized_field is not None:

+        # special case: variable and fixed size fields are intermixed

+        # if the lenfield is among the fixed size fields, there is no need

+        # to call a special accessor function like <expr.lenfield.c_accessor_name + '(' + prefix + ')'>

+        return field_mapping(expr.lenfield_name)

+    elif expr.lenfield_name is not None:

+        return lenfield_name

+    else:

+        return str(expr.nmemb)

+

+def _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, field_mapping):

+    '''

+    Figures out what C code is needed to get the length of a list field.

+    The field_mapping parameter can be used to change the absolute name of a length field. 

+    Recurses for math operations.

+    Returns bitcount for value-mask fields.

+    Otherwise, uses the value of the length field.

+    '''

+    lenexp = _c_accessor_get_length(expr, field_mapping)

+

+    if expr.op == '~':

+        return '(' + '~' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, field_mapping) + ')'

+    elif expr.op == 'popcount':

+        return 'xcb_popcount(' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, field_mapping) + ')'

+    elif expr.op == 'enumref':

+        enum_name = expr.lenfield_type.name

+        constant_name = expr.lenfield_name

+        c_name = _n(enum_name + (constant_name,)).upper()

+        return c_name

+    elif expr.op == 'sumof':

+        # locate the referenced list object

+        list_obj = expr.lenfield_type

+        field = None

+        for f in expr.lenfield_parent.fields:

+            if f.field_name == expr.lenfield_name:

+                field = f

+                break

+

+        if field is None:

+            raise Exception("list field '%s' referenced by sumof not found" % expr.lenfield_name)

+        list_name = field_mapping[field.c_field_name][0]

+        c_length_func = "%s(%s)" % (field.c_length_name, list_name)

+        # note: xcb_sumof() has only been defined for integers

+        c_length_func = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, field_mapping)

+        return 'xcb_sumof(%s, %s)' % (list_name, c_length_func)

+    elif expr.op != None:

+        return ('(' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.lhs, field_mapping) + 

+                ' ' + expr.op + ' ' + 

+                _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, field_mapping) + ')')

+    elif expr.bitfield:

+        return 'xcb_popcount(' + lenexp + ')'

+    else:

+        return lenexp

+

+def type_pad_type(type):

+    if type == 'void':

+        return 'char'

+    return type

+

+def _c_accessors_field(self, field):

+    '''

+    Declares the accessor functions for a non-list field that follows a variable-length field.

+    '''

+    c_type = self.c_type

+

+    # special case: switch

+    switch_obj = self if self.is_switch else None

+    if self.is_bitcase:

+        switch_obj = self.parents[-1]

+    if switch_obj is not None:

+        c_type = switch_obj.c_type

+

+    if field.type.is_simple:

+        _hc('')

+        _hc('')

+        _hc('/*****************************************************************************')

+        _hc(' ** ')

+        _hc(' ** %s %s', field.c_field_type, field.c_accessor_name)

+        _hc(' ** ')

+        _hc(' ** @param const %s *R', c_type)

+        _hc(' ** @returns %s', field.c_field_type)

+        _hc(' **')

+        _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')

+        _hc(' ')

+        _hc('%s', field.c_field_type)

+        _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)

+        _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)

+        _c('{')

+        if field.prev_varsized_field is None:

+            _c('    return (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)

+        else:

+            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))

+            _c('    return * (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);', 

+               field.c_field_type, type_pad_type(field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type), field.prev_varsized_offset)

+        _c('}')

+    else:

+        _hc('')

+        _hc('')

+        _hc('/*****************************************************************************')

+        _hc(' **')

+        _hc(' ** %s * %s', field.c_field_type, field.c_accessor_name)

+        _hc(' ** ')

+        _hc(' ** @param const %s *R', c_type)

+        _hc(' ** @returns %s *', field.c_field_type)

+        _hc(' **')

+        _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')

+        _hc(' ')

+        if field.type.is_switch and switch_obj is None:

+            return_type = 'void *'

+        else:

+            return_type = '%s *' % field.c_field_type

+

+        _hc(return_type)

+        _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)

+        _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)

+        _c('{')

+        if field.prev_varsized_field is None:

+            _c('    return (%s) (R + 1);', return_type)

+            # note: the special case 'variable fields followed by fixed size fields'

+            #       is not of any consequence here, since the ordering gets 

+            #       'corrected' in the reply function

+        else:

+            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))

+            _c('    return (%s) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);', 

+               return_type, type_pad_type(field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type), field.prev_varsized_offset)

+        _c('}')

+

+    

+def _c_accessors_list(self, field):

+    '''

+    Declares the accessor functions for a list field.

+    Declares a direct-accessor function only if the list members are fixed size.

+    Declares length and get-iterator functions always.

+    '''

+    list = field.type

+    c_type = self.c_type

+

+    # special case: switch

+    # in case of switch, 2 params have to be supplied to certain accessor functions:

+    #   1. the anchestor object (request or reply)

+    #   2. the (anchestor) switch object

+    # the reason is that switch is either a child of a request/reply or nested in another switch, 

+    # so whenever we need to access a length field, we might need to refer to some anchestor type

+    switch_obj = self if self.is_switch else None

+    if self.is_bitcase:

+        switch_obj = self.parents[-1]

+    if switch_obj is not None:

+        c_type = switch_obj.c_type

+

+    params = []

+    fields = {}

+    parents = self.parents if hasattr(self, 'parents') else [self]

+    # 'R': parents[0] is always the 'toplevel' container type 

+    params.append(('const %s *R' % parents[0].c_type, parents[0]))

+    fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(parents[0], [('R', '->', parents[0])], flat=True))

+    # auxiliary object for 'R' parameters

+    R_obj = parents[0]

+

+    if switch_obj is not None:

+        # now look where the fields are defined that are needed to evaluate 

+        # the switch expr, and store the parent objects in accessor_params and

+        # the fields in switch_fields

+

+        # 'S': name for the 'toplevel' switch

+        toplevel_switch = parents[1]

+        params.append(('const %s *S' % toplevel_switch.c_type, toplevel_switch))

+        fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(toplevel_switch, [('S', '->', toplevel_switch)], flat=True))

+

+        # initialize prefix for everything "below" S

+        prefix_str = '/* %s */ S' % toplevel_switch.name[-1]

+        prefix = [(prefix_str, '->', toplevel_switch)]

+

+        # look for fields in the remaining containers

+        for p in parents[2:] + [self]:

+            # the separator between parent and child is always '.' here, 

+            # because of nested switch statements

+            if not p.is_bitcase or (p.is_bitcase and p.has_name):

+                prefix.append((p.name[-1], '.', p))

+            fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(p, prefix, flat=True))

+

+        # auxiliary object for 'S' parameter

+        S_obj = parents[1]

+

+    _h_setlevel(1)

+    _c_setlevel(1)

+    if list.member.fixed_size():

+        idx = 1 if switch_obj is not None else 0

+        _hc('')

+        _hc('')

+        _hc('/*****************************************************************************')

+        _hc(' **')

+        _hc(' ** %s * %s', field.c_field_type, field.c_accessor_name)

+        _hc(' ** ')

+        _hc(' ** @param %s', params[idx][0])

+        _hc(' ** @returns %s *', field.c_field_type)

+        _hc(' **')

+        _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')

+        _hc(' ')

+        _hc('%s *', field.c_field_type)

+

+        _h('%s (%s  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, params[idx][0])

+        _c('%s (%s  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, params[idx][0])

+

+        _c('{')

+        if switch_obj is not None:

+            _c('    return %s;', fields[field.c_field_name][0])

+        elif field.prev_varsized_field is None:

+            _c('    return (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)

+        else:

+            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))

+            _c('    return (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);', 

+               field.c_field_type, type_pad_type(field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type), field.prev_varsized_offset)

+        _c('}')

+

+    _hc('')

+    _hc('')

+    _hc('/*****************************************************************************')

+    _hc(' **')

+    _hc(' ** int %s', field.c_length_name)

+    _hc(' ** ')

+    _hc(' ** @param const %s *R', c_type)

+    _hc(' ** @returns int')

+    _hc(' **')

+    _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')

+    _hc(' ')

+    _hc('int')

+    if switch_obj is not None:

+        _hc('%s (const %s *R  /**< */,', field.c_length_name, R_obj.c_type)

+        spacing = ' '*(len(field.c_length_name)+2)

+        _h('%sconst %s *S /**< */);', spacing, S_obj.c_type)

+        _c('%sconst %s *S  /**< */)', spacing, S_obj.c_type)

+        length = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields)

+    else:

+        _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_length_name, c_type)

+        _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_length_name, c_type)

+        length = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields)

+    _c('{')

+    _c('    return %s;', length)

+    _c('}')

+

+    if field.type.member.is_simple:

+        _hc('')

+        _hc('')

+        _hc('/*****************************************************************************')

+        _hc(' **')

+        _hc(' ** xcb_generic_iterator_t %s', field.c_end_name)

+        _hc(' ** ')

+        _hc(' ** @param const %s *R', c_type)

+        _hc(' ** @returns xcb_generic_iterator_t')

+        _hc(' **')

+        _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')

+        _hc(' ')

+        _hc('xcb_generic_iterator_t')

+        if switch_obj is not None:

+            _hc('%s (const %s *R  /**< */,', field.c_end_name, R_obj.c_type)

+            spacing = ' '*(len(field.c_end_name)+2)

+            _h('%sconst %s *S /**< */);', spacing, S_obj.c_type)

+            _c('%sconst %s *S  /**< */)', spacing, S_obj.c_type)

+        else:

+            _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_end_name, c_type)

+            _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_end_name, c_type)

+        _c('{')

+        _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t i;')

+        

+        param = 'R' if switch_obj is None else 'S'

+        if switch_obj is not None:

+            _c('    i.data = %s + %s;', fields[field.c_field_name][0], 

+               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))

+        elif field.prev_varsized_field == None:

+            _c('    i.data = ((%s *) (R + 1)) + (%s);', field.type.c_wiretype, 

+               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))

+        else:

+            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child = %s;', 

+               _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))

+            _c('    i.data = ((%s *) child.data) + (%s);', field.type.c_wiretype, 

+               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))

+

+        _c('    i.rem = 0;')

+        _c('    i.index = (char *) i.data - (char *) %s;', param)

+        _c('    return i;')

+        _c('}')

+

+    else:

+        _hc('')

+        _hc('')

+        _hc('/*****************************************************************************')

+        _hc(' **')

+        _hc(' ** %s %s', field.c_iterator_type, field.c_iterator_name)

+        _hc(' ** ')

+        _hc(' ** @param const %s *R', c_type)

+        _hc(' ** @returns %s', field.c_iterator_type)

+        _hc(' **')

+        _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')

+        _hc(' ')

+

+        _hc('%s', field.c_iterator_type)

+        if switch_obj is not None:

+            _hc('%s (const %s *R  /**< */,', field.c_iterator_name, R_obj.c_type)

+            spacing = ' '*(len(field.c_iterator_name)+2)

+            _h('%sconst %s *S /**< */);', spacing, S_obj.c_type)

+            _c('%sconst %s *S  /**< */)', spacing, S_obj.c_type)

+        else:

+            _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_iterator_name, c_type)

+            _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_iterator_name, c_type)

+        _c('{')

+        _c('    %s i;', field.c_iterator_type)

+

+        if switch_obj is not None:

+            _c('    i.data = %s;', fields[field.c_field_name][0])

+            _c('    i.rem = %s;', _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))

+        elif field.prev_varsized_field == None:

+            _c('    i.data = (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)

+        else:

+            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))

+            _c('    i.data = (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index));', 

+               field.c_field_type, type_pad_type(field.c_field_type))

+        if switch_obj is None:

+            _c('    i.rem = %s;', _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))

+        _c('    i.index = (char *) i.data - (char *) %s;', 'R' if switch_obj is None else 'S' )

+        _c('    return i;')

+        _c('}')

+

+def _c_accessors(self, name, base):

+    '''

+    Declares the accessor functions for the fields of a structure.

+    '''

+    # no accessors for switch itself - 

+    # switch always needs to be unpacked explicitly

+#    if self.is_switch:

+#        pass

+#    else:

+    if True:

+        for field in self.fields:

+            if field.type.is_list and not field.type.fixed_size():

+                _c_accessors_list(self, field)

+            elif field.prev_varsized_field is not None or not field.type.fixed_size():

+                _c_accessors_field(self, field)

+

+def c_simple(self, name):

+    '''

+    Exported function that handles cardinal type declarations.

+    These are types which are typedef'd to one of the CARDx's, char, float, etc.

+    '''

+    _c_type_setup(self, name, ())

+

+    if (self.name != name):

+        # Typedef

+        _h_setlevel(0)

+        my_name = _t(name)

+        _h('')

+        _h('typedef %s %s;', _t(self.name), my_name)

+

+        # Iterator

+        _c_iterator(self, name)

+

+def _c_complex(self):

+    '''

+    Helper function for handling all structure types.

+    Called for all structs, requests, replies, events, errors.

+    '''

+    _h_setlevel(0)

+    _h('')

+    _h('/**')

+    _h(' * @brief %s', self.c_type)

+    _h(' **/')

+    _h('typedef %s %s {', self.c_container, self.c_type)

+

+    struct_fields = []

+    maxtypelen = 0

+

+    varfield = None

+    for field in self.fields:

+        if not field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_switch and not self.is_union:

+            varfield = field.c_field_name

+            continue

+        if field.wire:

+            struct_fields.append(field)

+    

+    for field in struct_fields:

+        length = len(field.c_field_type)

+        # account for '*' pointer_spec

+        if not field.type.fixed_size():

+            length += 1

+        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, length)

+

+    def _c_complex_field(self, field, space=''):

+        if (field.type.fixed_size() or 

+            # in case of switch with switch children, don't make the field a pointer

+            # necessary for unserialize to work

+            (self.is_switch and field.type.is_switch)):

+            spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(field.c_field_type))

+            _h('%s    %s%s %s%s; /**<  */', space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript)

+        else:

+            spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - (len(field.c_field_type) + 1))

+            _h('%s    %s%s *%s%s; /**<  */', space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript)

+

+    if not self.is_switch:

+        for field in struct_fields:

+            _c_complex_field(self, field)

+    else:

+        for b in self.bitcases:

+            space = ''

+            if b.type.has_name:

+                _h('    struct _%s {', b.c_field_name)

+                space = '    '

+            for field in b.type.fields:

+                _c_complex_field(self, field, space)

+            if b.type.has_name:

+                _h('    } %s;', b.c_field_name)

+

+    _h('} %s;', self.c_type)

+

+def c_struct(self, name):

+    '''

+    Exported function that handles structure declarations.

+    '''

+    _c_type_setup(self, name, ())

+    _c_complex(self)

+    _c_accessors(self, name, name)

+    _c_iterator(self, name)

+

+def c_union(self, name):

+    '''

+    Exported function that handles union declarations.

+    '''

+    _c_type_setup(self, name, ())

+    _c_complex(self)

+    _c_iterator(self, name)

+

+def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular, aux=False):

+    '''

+    Declares a request function.

+    '''

+

+    # Four stunningly confusing possibilities here:

+    #

+    #   Void            Non-void

+    # ------------------------------

+    # "req"            "req"

+    # 0 flag           CHECKED flag   Normal Mode

+    # void_cookie      req_cookie

+    # ------------------------------

+    # "req_checked"    "req_unchecked"

+    # CHECKED flag     0 flag         Abnormal Mode

+    # void_cookie      req_cookie

+    # ------------------------------

+

+

+    # Whether we are _checked or _unchecked

+    checked = void and not regular

+    unchecked = not void and not regular

+

+    # What kind of cookie we return

+    func_cookie = 'xcb_void_cookie_t' if void else self.c_cookie_type

+

+    # What flag is passed to xcb_request

+    func_flags = '0' if (void and regular) or (not void and not regular) else 'XCB_REQUEST_CHECKED'

+

+    # Global extension id variable or NULL for xproto

+    func_ext_global = '&' + _ns.c_ext_global_name if _ns.is_ext else '0'

+

+    # What our function name is

+    func_name = self.c_request_name if not aux else self.c_aux_name

+    if checked:

+        func_name = self.c_checked_name if not aux else self.c_aux_checked_name

+    if unchecked:

+        func_name = self.c_unchecked_name if not aux else self.c_aux_unchecked_name

+

+    param_fields = []

+    wire_fields = []

+    maxtypelen = len('xcb_connection_t')

+    serial_fields = []

+    # special case: list with variable size elements

+    list_with_var_size_elems = False

+

+    for field in self.fields:

+        if field.visible:

+            # The field should appear as a call parameter

+            param_fields.append(field)

+        if field.wire and not field.auto:

+            # We need to set the field up in the structure

+            wire_fields.append(field)

+        if field.type.need_serialize or field.type.need_sizeof:

+            serial_fields.append(field)

+        

+    for field in param_fields:

+        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type 

+        if field.type.need_serialize and not aux:

+            c_field_const_type = "const void"

+        if len(c_field_const_type) > maxtypelen:

+            maxtypelen = len(c_field_const_type)

+        if field.type.is_list and not field.type.member.fixed_size():

+            list_with_var_size_elems = True

+

+    _h_setlevel(1)

+    _c_setlevel(1)

+    _h('')

+    _h('/**')

+    _h(' * Delivers a request to the X server')

+    _h(' * @param c The connection')

+    _h(' * @return A cookie')

+    _h(' *')

+    _h(' * Delivers a request to the X server.')

+    _h(' * ')

+    if checked:

+        _h(' * This form can be used only if the request will not cause')

+        _h(' * a reply to be generated. Any returned error will be')

+        _h(' * saved for handling by xcb_request_check().')

+    if unchecked:

+        _h(' * This form can be used only if the request will cause')

+        _h(' * a reply to be generated. Any returned error will be')

+        _h(' * placed in the event queue.')

+    _h(' */')

+    _c('')

+    _hc('')

+    _hc('/*****************************************************************************')

+    _hc(' **')

+    _hc(' ** %s %s', cookie_type, func_name)

+    _hc(' ** ')

+

+    spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len('xcb_connection_t'))

+    _hc(' ** @param xcb_connection_t%s *c', spacing)

+

+    for field in param_fields:

+        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type 

+        if field.type.need_serialize and not aux:

+            c_field_const_type = "const void"

+        spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(c_field_const_type))

+        _hc(' ** @param %s%s %s%s', c_field_const_type, spacing, field.c_pointer, field.c_field_name)

+

+    _hc(' ** @returns %s', cookie_type)

+    _hc(' **')

+    _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')

+    _hc(' ')

+    _hc('%s', cookie_type)

+

+    spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len('xcb_connection_t'))

+    comma = ',' if len(param_fields) else ');'

+    _h('%s (xcb_connection_t%s *c  /**< */%s', func_name, spacing, comma)

+    comma = ',' if len(param_fields) else ')'

+    _c('%s (xcb_connection_t%s *c  /**< */%s', func_name, spacing, comma)

+

+    func_spacing = ' ' * (len(func_name) + 2)

+    count = len(param_fields)

+    for field in param_fields:

+        count = count - 1

+        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type 

+        c_pointer = field.c_pointer

+        if field.type.need_serialize and not aux:

+            c_field_const_type = "const void"

+            c_pointer = '*'

+        spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(c_field_const_type))

+        comma = ',' if count else ');'

+        _h('%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */%s', func_spacing, c_field_const_type, 

+           spacing, c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)

+        comma = ',' if count else ')'

+        _c('%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */%s', func_spacing, c_field_const_type, 

+           spacing, c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)

+

+    count = 2

+    if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+        for field in param_fields:

+            if not field.type.fixed_size():

+                count = count + 2

+                if field.type.need_serialize:

+                    # _serialize() keeps track of padding automatically

+                    count -= 1

+    dimension = count + 2

+

+    _c('{')

+    _c('    static const xcb_protocol_request_t xcb_req = {')

+    _c('        /* count */ %d,', count)

+    _c('        /* ext */ %s,', func_ext_global)

+    _c('        /* opcode */ %s,', self.c_request_name.upper())

+    _c('        /* isvoid */ %d', 1 if void else 0)

+    _c('    };')

+    _c('    ')

+

+    _c('    struct iovec xcb_parts[%d];', dimension)

+    _c('    %s xcb_ret;', func_cookie)

+    _c('    %s xcb_out;', self.c_type)

+    if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+        _c('    /* in the protocol description, variable size fields are followed by fixed size fields */')

+        _c('    void *xcb_aux = 0;')

+        

+

+    for idx, f in enumerate(serial_fields):

+        if aux:

+            _c('    void *xcb_aux%d = 0;' % (idx))

+    if list_with_var_size_elems:

+        _c('    unsigned int i;')

+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_tmp_len;')

+        _c('    char *xcb_tmp;')

+    _c('    ')

+    # simple request call tracing

+#    _c('    printf("in function %s\\n");' % func_name)     

+ 

+    # fixed size fields

+    for field in wire_fields:

+        if field.type.fixed_size():

+            if field.type.is_expr:

+                _c('    xcb_out.%s = %s;', field.c_field_name, _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, None))

+            elif field.type.is_pad:

+                if field.type.nmemb == 1:

+                    _c('    xcb_out.%s = 0;', field.c_field_name)

+                else:

+                    _c('    memset(xcb_out.%s, 0, %d);', field.c_field_name, field.type.nmemb)

+            else:

+                if field.type.nmemb == 1:

+                    _c('    xcb_out.%s = %s;', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)

+                else:

+                    _c('    memcpy(xcb_out.%s, %s, %d);', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name, field.type.nmemb)

+

+    def get_serialize_args(type_obj, c_field_name, aux_var, context='serialize'):

+        serialize_args = get_serialize_params(context, type_obj, 

+                                              c_field_name, 

+                                              aux_var)[2]

+        return reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x,y), [a[2] for a in serialize_args])

+

+    # calls in order to free dyn. all. memory

+    free_calls = []

+

+    _c('    ')

+    if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_base = (char *) &xcb_out;')

+        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_len = sizeof(xcb_out);')

+        _c('    xcb_parts[3].iov_base = 0;')

+        _c('    xcb_parts[3].iov_len = -xcb_parts[2].iov_len & 3;')

+

+        count = 4

+

+        for field in param_fields:

+            if not field.type.fixed_size():

+                _c('    /* %s %s */', field.type.c_type, field.c_field_name)

+                # default: simple cast to char *

+                if not field.type.need_serialize and not field.type.need_sizeof:

+                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) %s;', count, field.c_field_name)

+                    if field.type.is_list:

+                        if field.type.member.fixed_size():

+                            _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = %s * sizeof(%s);', count, 

+                               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, None), 

+                               field.type.member.c_wiretype)

+                        else:

+                            list_length = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, None)

+    

+                            length = ''

+                            _c("    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = 0;" % count)

+                            _c("    xcb_tmp = (char *)%s;", field.c_field_name)

+                            _c("    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) {" % list_length)

+                            _c("        xcb_tmp_len = %s(xcb_tmp);" % 

+                                              (field.type.c_sizeof_name))

+                            _c("        xcb_parts[%d].iov_len += xcb_tmp_len;" % count)

+                            _c("        xcb_tmp += xcb_tmp_len;")

+                            _c("    }")                        

+                    else:

+                        # not supposed to happen

+                        raise Exception("unhandled variable size field %s" % field.c_field_name)

+                else:

+                    if not aux:

+                        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) %s;', count, field.c_field_name)

+                    idx = serial_fields.index(field)

+                    aux_var = '&xcb_aux%d' % idx

+                    context = 'serialize' if aux else 'sizeof'

+                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = ', count)

+                    if aux:

+                        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(field.type, aux_var, field.c_field_name, context)

+                        _c('      %s (%s);', field.type.c_serialize_name, serialize_args)

+                        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = xcb_aux%d;' % (count, idx))

+                        free_calls.append('    free(xcb_aux%d);' % idx)

+                    else:

+                        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(field.type, field.c_field_name, aux_var, context)

+                        func_name = field.type.c_sizeof_name

+                        _c('      %s (%s);', func_name, serialize_args)

+

+                count += 1

+                if not (field.type.need_serialize or field.type.need_sizeof):

+                    # the _serialize() function keeps track of padding automatically

+                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = 0;', count)

+                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = -xcb_parts[%d].iov_len & 3;', count, count-1)

+                    count += 1

+

+    # elif self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+    else:

+        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_base = (char *) &xcb_out;')

+        # request header: opcodes + length

+        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_len = 2*sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(uint16_t);') 

+        count += 1

+        # call _serialize()

+        buffer_var = '&xcb_aux'

+        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(self, buffer_var, '&xcb_out', 'serialize')

+        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = %s (%s);', count, self.c_serialize_name, serialize_args)

+        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) xcb_aux;', count)

+        free_calls.append('    free(xcb_aux);')

+        # no padding necessary - _serialize() keeps track of padding automatically

+

+    _c('    ')

+    _c('    xcb_ret.sequence = xcb_send_request(c, %s, xcb_parts + 2, &xcb_req);', func_flags)

+    

+    # free dyn. all. data, if any

+    for f in free_calls:

+        _c(f)

+    _c('    return xcb_ret;')

+    _c('}')

+

+def _c_reply(self, name):

+    '''

+    Declares the function that returns the reply structure.

+    '''

+    spacing1 = ' ' * (len(self.c_cookie_type) - len('xcb_connection_t'))

+    spacing2 = ' ' * (len(self.c_cookie_type) - len('xcb_generic_error_t'))

+    spacing3 = ' ' * (len(self.c_reply_name) + 2)

+    

+    # check if _unserialize() has to be called for any field

+    def look_for_special_cases(complex_obj):

+        unserialize_fields = []

+        # no unserialize call in case of switch

+        if not complex_obj.is_switch:

+            for field in complex_obj.fields:

+                # three cases: 1. field with special case

+                #              2. container that contains special case field

+                #              3. list with special case elements

+                if field.type.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+                    unserialize_fields.append(field)

+                elif field.type.is_container:

+                    unserialize_fields += look_for_special_cases(field.type)

+                elif field.type.is_list:

+                    if field.type.member.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:

+                        unserialize_fields.append(field)

+                    if field.type.member.is_container:

+                        unserialize_fields += look_for_special_cases(field.type.member)

+        return unserialize_fields

+    

+    unserialize_fields = look_for_special_cases(self.reply)

+    

+    _h('')

+    _h('/**')

+    _h(' * Return the reply')

+    _h(' * @param c      The connection')

+    _h(' * @param cookie The cookie')

+    _h(' * @param e      The xcb_generic_error_t supplied')

+    _h(' *')

+    _h(' * Returns the reply of the request asked by')

+    _h(' * ')

+    _h(' * The parameter @p e supplied to this function must be NULL if')

+    _h(' * %s(). is used.', self.c_unchecked_name)

+    _h(' * Otherwise, it stores the error if any.')

+    _h(' *')

+    _h(' * The returned value must be freed by the caller using free().')

+    _h(' */')

+    _c('')

+    _hc('')

+    _hc('/*****************************************************************************')

+    _hc(' **')

+    _hc(' ** %s * %s', self.c_reply_type, self.c_reply_name)

+    _hc(' ** ')

+    _hc(' ** @param xcb_connection_t%s  *c', spacing1)

+    _hc(' ** @param %s   cookie', self.c_cookie_type)

+    _hc(' ** @param xcb_generic_error_t%s **e', spacing2)

+    _hc(' ** @returns %s *', self.c_reply_type)

+    _hc(' **')

+    _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')

+    _hc(' ')

+    _hc('%s *', self.c_reply_type)

+    _hc('%s (xcb_connection_t%s  *c  /**< */,', self.c_reply_name, spacing1)

+    _hc('%s%s   cookie  /**< */,', spacing3, self.c_cookie_type)

+    _h('%sxcb_generic_error_t%s **e  /**< */);', spacing3, spacing2)

+    _c('%sxcb_generic_error_t%s **e  /**< */)', spacing3, spacing2)

+    _c('{')

+    

+    if len(unserialize_fields)>0:

+        # certain variable size fields need to be unserialized explicitly

+        _c('    %s *reply = (%s *) xcb_wait_for_reply(c, cookie.sequence, e);', 

+           self.c_reply_type, self.c_reply_type)

+        _c('    int i;')

+        for field in unserialize_fields:

+            if field.type.is_list:

+                _c('    %s %s_iter = %s(reply);', field.c_iterator_type, field.c_field_name, field.c_iterator_name)

+                _c('    int %s_len = %s(reply);', field.c_field_name, field.c_length_name)

+                _c('    %s *%s_data;', field.c_field_type, field.c_field_name)

+            else:

+                raise Exception('not implemented: call _unserialize() in reply for non-list type %s', field.c_field_type)

+        # call _unserialize(), using the reply as source and target buffer

+        _c('    /* special cases: transform parts of the reply to match XCB data structures */')

+        for field in unserialize_fields:

+            if field.type.is_list:

+                _c('    for(i=0; i<%s_len; i++) {', field.c_field_name)

+                _c('        %s_data = %s_iter.data;', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)

+                _c('        %s((const void *)%s_data, &%s_data);', field.type.c_unserialize_name, 

+                   field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)

+                _c('        %s(&%s_iter);', field.type.c_next_name, field.c_field_name)

+                _c('    }')

+        # return the transformed reply

+        _c('    return reply;')

+    

+    else:

+        _c('    return (%s *) xcb_wait_for_reply(c, cookie.sequence, e);', self.c_reply_type)

+

+    _c('}')

+

+def _c_opcode(name, opcode):

+    '''

+    Declares the opcode define for requests, events, and errors.

+    '''

+    _h_setlevel(0)

+    _h('')

+    _h('/** Opcode for %s. */', _n(name))

+    _h('#define %s %s', _n(name).upper(), opcode)

+    

+def _c_cookie(self, name):

+    '''

+    Declares the cookie type for a non-void request.

+    '''

+    _h_setlevel(0)

+    _h('')

+    _h('/**')

+    _h(' * @brief %s', self.c_cookie_type)

+    _h(' **/')

+    _h('typedef struct %s {', self.c_cookie_type)

+    _h('    unsigned int sequence; /**<  */')

+    _h('} %s;', self.c_cookie_type)

+

+def c_request(self, name):

+    '''

+    Exported function that handles request declarations.

+    '''

+    _c_type_setup(self, name, ('request',))

+

+    if self.reply:

+        # Cookie type declaration

+        _c_cookie(self, name)

+

+    # Opcode define

+    _c_opcode(name, self.opcode)

+

+    # Request structure declaration

+    _c_complex(self)

+

+    if self.reply:

+        _c_type_setup(self.reply, name, ('reply',))

+        # Reply structure definition

+        _c_complex(self.reply)

+        # Request prototypes

+        _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, True)

+        _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, False)

+        if self.need_aux:

+            _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, True, True)

+            _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, False, True)

+        # Reply accessors

+        _c_accessors(self.reply, name + ('reply',), name)

+        _c_reply(self, name)

+    else:

+        # Request prototypes

+        _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, False)

+        _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, True)

+        if self.need_aux:

+            _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, False, True)

+            _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, True, True)

+

+

+def c_event(self, name):

+    '''

+    Exported function that handles event declarations.

+    '''

+    _c_type_setup(self, name, ('event',))

+

+    # Opcode define

+    _c_opcode(name, self.opcodes[name])

+

+    if self.name == name:

+        # Structure definition

+        _c_complex(self)

+    else:

+        # Typedef

+        _h('')

+        _h('typedef %s %s;', _t(self.name + ('event',)), _t(name + ('event',)))

+

+def c_error(self, name):

+    '''

+    Exported function that handles error declarations.

+    '''

+    _c_type_setup(self, name, ('error',))

+

+    # Opcode define

+    _c_opcode(name, self.opcodes[name])

+

+    if self.name == name:

+        # Structure definition

+        _c_complex(self)

+    else:

+        # Typedef

+        _h('')

+        _h('typedef %s %s;', _t(self.name + ('error',)), _t(name + ('error',)))

+

+

+# Main routine starts here

+

+# Must create an "output" dictionary before any xcbgen imports.

+output = {'open'    : c_open,

+          'close'   : c_close,

+          'simple'  : c_simple,

+          'enum'    : c_enum,

+          'struct'  : c_struct,

+          'union'   : c_union,

+          'request' : c_request,

+          'event'   : c_event,

+          'error'   : c_error, 

+          }

+

+# Boilerplate below this point

+

+# Check for the argument that specifies path to the xcbgen python package.

+try:

+    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'p:')

+except getopt.GetoptError as err:

+    print(err)

+    print('Usage: c_client.py [-p path] file.xml')

+    sys.exit(1)

+

+for (opt, arg) in opts:

+    if opt == '-p':

+        sys.path.append(arg)

+

+# Import the module class

+try:

+    from xcbgen.state import Module

+except ImportError:

+    print('''

+Failed to load the xcbgen Python package!

+Make sure that xcb/proto installed it on your Python path.

+If not, you will need to create a .pth file or define $PYTHONPATH

+to extend the path.

+Refer to the README file in xcb/proto for more info.

+''')

+    raise

+

+# Parse the xml header

+module = Module(args[0], output)

+

+# Build type-registry and resolve type dependencies

+module.register()

+module.resolve()

+

+# Output the code

+module.generate()