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+.\" MIT header page and copyright notice
+.\" MIT page header and footers
+.\"
+.EH ''''
+.OH ''''
+.EF ''''
+.OF ''''
+.ps 11
+.nr PS 11
+\&
+.sp 8
+.ce 4
+\s+2\fB\*(xT\fP\s-2
+
+\s+1\fBX Window System\fP\s-1
+
+\s+1\fBX Version 11, Release \*(Rn\fP\s-1
+
+
+First Revision - April, 1994
+.sp 5
+.ce 4
+\s-1Joel McCormack
+.sp 6p
+Digital Equipment Corporation
+Western Software Laboratory
+.sp 2
+.ce 4
+Paul Asente
+.sp 6p
+Digital Equipment Corporation
+Western Software Laboratory
+.sp 2
+.ce 4
+Ralph R. Swick
+.sp 6p
+Digital Equipment Corporation
+External Research Group
+MIT X Consortium
+.sp 2
+.ce 3
+version 6 edited by Donna Converse
+.sp 6p
+X Consortium, Inc.\s+1
+.bp
+\&
+.ps 9
+.nr PS 9
+.sp 8
+.LP
+X Window System is a trademark of X Consortium, Inc.
+.LP
+Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1994
+X Consortium
+.LP
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+.LP
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+.LP
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+.LP
+Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall
+not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
+other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
+from the X Consortium.
+.LP
+Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1994
+Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts.
+.LP
+Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this documentation for any
+purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright
+notice appears in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this
+permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
+Digital not be used in in advertising or publicity pertaining
+to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.
+Digital makes no representations about the suitability of the
+software described herein for any purpose.
+It is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty.
+.ps 11
+.nr PS 11
+.bp 11
+.EF ''\fB \\\\n(PN \fP''
+.OF ''\fB \\\\n(PN \fP''
+.af PN i
+.XS ix
+Acknowledgments
+.XE
+\&
+.sp 1
+.ce 3
+\s+1\fBAcknowledgments\fP\s-1
+.sp 2
+.na
+.LP
+The design of the X11 Intrinsics was done primarily
+by Joel McCormack of Digital WSL.
+Major contributions to the design and implementation also
+were done by Charles Haynes, Mike Chow, and Paul Asente of Digital WSL.
+Additional contributors to the design and/or implementation were:
+.LP
+.Ds
+.ta 3i
+Loretta Guarino-Reid (Digital WSL) Rich Hyde (Digital WSL)
+Susan Angebranndt (Digital WSL) Terry Weissman (Digital WSL)
+Mary Larson (Digital UEG) Mark Manasse (Digital SRC)
+Jim Gettys (Digital SRC) Leo Treggiari (Digital SDT)
+Ralph Swick (Project Athena and Digital ERP) Mark Ackerman (Project Athena)
+Ron Newman (Project Athena) Bob Scheifler (MIT LCS)
+.De
+.LP
+The contributors to the X10 toolkit also deserve mention.
+Although the X11 Intrinsics present an entirely different programming style,
+they borrow heavily from the implicit and explicit concepts in the X10
+toolkit.
+.LP
+The design and implementation of the X10 Intrinsics were done by:
+.LP
+.Ds
+Terry Weissman (Digital WSL)
+Smokey Wallace (Digital WSL)
+Phil Karlton (Digital WSL)
+Charles Haynes (Digital WSL)
+Frank Hall (HP)
+.De
+.LP
+The design and implementation of the X10 toolkit's sample widgets were
+by the above, as well as by:
+.LP
+.Ds
+Ram Rao (Digital UEG)
+Mary Larson (Digital UEG)
+Mike Gancarz (Digital UEG)
+Kathleen Langone (Digital UEG)
+.De
+These widgets provided a checklist of requirements that we
+had to address in the X11 Intrinsics.
+.LP
+Thanks go to Al Mento of Digital's UEG Documentation Group for
+formatting and generally improving this document
+and to John Ousterhout of Berkeley for extensively reviewing
+early drafts of it.
+.LP
+Finally, a special thanks to Mike Chow,
+whose extensive performance analysis of the X10 toolkit provided
+the justification to redesign it entirely for X11.
+.LP
+.sp
+.Ds 0
+Joel McCormack
+Western Software Laboratory
+Digital Equipment Corporation
+
+March 1988
+.De
+.bp
+.LP
+The current design of the \*(xI has benefited greatly from the
+input of several dedicated reviewers in the membership of the
+X Consortium.
+In addition to those already mentioned,
+the following individuals have dedicated significant time
+to suggesting improvements to the \*(xI:
+.LP
+.Ds
+.ta 3i
+Steve Pitschke (Stellar) C. Doug Blewett (AT&T)
+Bob Miller (HP) David Schiferl (Tektronix)
+Fred Taft (HP) Michael Squires (Sequent)
+Marcel Meth (AT&T) Jim Fulton (MIT)
+Mike Collins (Digital) Kerry Kimbrough (Texas Instruments)
+Scott McGregor (Digital) Phil Karlton (Digital)
+Julian Payne (ESS) Jacques Davy (Bull)
+Gabriel Beged-Dov (HP) Glenn Widener (Tektronix)
+.De
+.LP
+Thanks go to each of them for the countless hours spent
+reviewing drafts and code.
+.LP
+.sp
+.Ds 0
+Ralph R. Swick
+External Research Group
+Digital Equipment Corporation
+MIT Project Athena
+
+June 1988
+.De
+.sp
+.LP
+From Release 3 to Release 4, several new members joined the design
+team. We greatly appreciate the thoughtful comments, suggestions,
+lengthy discussions, and in some cases implementation code contributed by each
+of the following:
+.LP
+.Ds
+.ta 3i
+Don Alecci (AT&T) Ellis Cohen (OSF)
+Donna Converse (MIT) Clive Feather (IXI)
+Nayeem Islam (Sun) Dana Laursen (HP)
+Keith Packard (MIT) Chris Peterson (MIT)
+Richard Probst (Sun) Larry Cable (Sun)
+.De
+.sp
+.LP
+In Release 5, the effort to define the internationalization additions was
+headed by Bill McMahon of Hewlett Packard and Frank Rojas of IBM. This
+has been an educational process for many of us, and Bill and Frank's
+tutelage has carried us through. Vania Joloboff of the OSF also contributed
+to the internationalization additions. The implementation efforts of
+Bill, Gabe Beged-Dov, and especially Donna Converse for this release
+are also gratefully acknowledged.
+.sp
+.Ds 0
+Ralph R. Swick
+
+December 1989
+and
+July 1991
+.De
+.bp
+.LP
+The Release 6 Intrinsics is a result of the collaborative
+efforts of participants in the X Consortium's \fBintrinsics\fP
+working group.
+A few individuals contributed substantial design proposals,
+participated in lengthy discussions, reviewed final specifications,
+and in most cases, were also responsible for sections of the implementation.
+They deserve recognition and thanks for their major contributions:
+.LP
+.Ds
+.ta 3i
+Paul Asente (Adobe) Larry Cable (SunSoft)
+Ellis Cohen (OSF) Daniel Dardailler (OSF)
+Vania Joloboff (OSF) Kaleb Keithley (X Consortium)
+Courtney Loomis (HP) Douglas Rand (OSF)
+Bob Scheifler (X Consortium) Ajay Vohra (SunSoft)
+.De
+.LP
+Many others analyzed designs, offered useful comments and suggestions,
+and participated in a significant subset of the process.
+The following people deserve thanks for their contributions:
+Andy Bovingdon, Sam Chang, Chris Craig,
+George Erwin-Grotsky, Keith Edwards, Clive Feather, Stephen Gildea,
+Dan Heller, Steve Humphrey, David Kaelbling,
+Jaime Lau, Rob Lembree, Stuart Marks, Beth Mynatt,
+Tom Paquin, Chris Peterson, Kamesh Ramakrishna, Tom Rodriguez,
+Jim VanGilder, Will Walker, and Mike Wexler.
+.LP
+I am especially grateful to two of my colleagues: Ralph Swick for
+expert editorial guidance, and Kaleb Keithley for leadership in
+the implementation and the specification work.
+.sp
+.Ds 0
+Donna Converse
+X Consortium
+April 1994
+.De
+.bp
+.XS xii
+About This Manual
+.XE
+\&
+.sp 1
+.ce 3
+\s+1\fBAbout This Manual\fP\s-1
+.sp 2
+.na
+.LP
+\fI\*(xT\fP is intended to be read by both application programmers who will
+use one or more of the many widget sets built with the \*(xI
+and by widget programmers who will use the \*(xI to build widgets
+for one of the widget sets.
+Not all the information in this manual, however, applies to both audiences.
+That is, because the application programmer is likely to use only a number of
+the \*(xI functions in writing an application and because the widget programmer
+is likely to use many more, if not all, of the \*(xI functions in building
+a widget,
+an attempt has been made to highlight those areas of information that are
+deemed to be of special interest for the application programmer.
+(It is assumed the widget programmer will have to be familiar with all
+the information.)
+Therefore, all entries in the table of contents that are printed in \fBbold\fP
+indicate the information that should be of special interest to an
+application programmer.
+.LP
+It is also assumed that, as application programmers become
+more familiar with the concepts discussed in this manual,
+they will find it more convenient to implement
+portions of their applications as special-purpose or custom widgets.
+It is possible, nonetheless, to use widgets without knowing how to build them.
+.SH
+Conventions Used in this Manual
+.LP
+This document uses the following conventions:
+.IP \(bu 5
+Global symbols are printed in
+.PN this
+.PN special
+.PN font .
+These can be either function names,
+symbols defined in include files, data types, or structure names.
+Arguments to functions, procedures, or macros are printed in \fIitalics\fP.
+.IP \(bu 5
+Each function is introduced by a general discussion that
+distinguishes it from other functions.
+The function declaration itself follows,
+and each argument is specifically explained.
+General discussion of the function, if any is required,
+follows the arguments.
+.IP \(bu 5
+To eliminate any ambiguity between those arguments that you pass and those that
+a function returns to you,
+the explanations for all arguments that you pass start with the word
+\fIspecifies\fP or, in the case of multiple arguments, the word \fIspecify\fP.
+The explanations for all arguments that are returned to you start with the
+word \fIreturns\fP or, in the case of multiple arguments, the word \fIreturn\^\fP.
+.bp 1
+.af PN 1
+.EH '\fBX Toolkit Intrinsics\fP''\fBX11 Release \*(Rn\fP'
+.OH '\fBX Toolkit Intrinsics\fP''\fBX11 Release \*(Rn\fP'